Withdrawn – Administrative Duplicate Error with Incorrect DOI: Disadvantaged           youth report less negative emotion to minor stressors when with peers: An experience           sampling study

Lay wisdom suggests feeling negative in advance of an outcome – anticipatory negative emotion – shields against the blow of bad news. However, evidence is mixed, with different lines of research finding that anticipatory negative emotion is helpful, harmful, or has no effect on emotional outcomes. We set out to reconcile the competing findings by examining effects over a longer, but more granular, time-scale. First-year students (N=101) completed 9 days of experience sampling (10 surveys/day) as they received their first-semester exam grades, and a follow-up survey 5 months later. We investigated the association between anticipatory negative emotion and three negative emotional outcomes: (1) reactivity immediately after receiving grades, (2) recovery across the following week, and (3) recovery after 5 months. Anticipatory negative emotion was associated with increased reactivity and negative emotion 5 months later, suggesting that being emotionally ready for the worst has psychological costs.

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Does suppressing negative emotion impair subsequent emotions? Two experience sampling studies

Motivation and Emotion ◽

10.1007/s11031-019-09774-w ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 427-435 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yan Ruan ◽

Harry T. Reis ◽

Wojciech Zareba ◽

Richard D. Lane

Keyword(s):

Negative Emotion ◽

Experience Sampling ◽

Sampling Studies

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Differentiate to Regulate: Low Negative Emotion Differentiation Is Associated With Ineffective Use but Not Selection of Emotion-Regulation Strategies

Psychological Science ◽

10.1177/0956797619838763 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

pp. 863-879 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Elise K. Kalokerinos ◽

Yasemin Erbas ◽

Eva Ceulemans ◽

Peter Kuppens

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Negative Emotion ◽

Experience Sampling ◽

Well Being ◽

Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽

Emotion Differentiation ◽

Sampling Studies ◽

Regulation Strategies ◽

Selection Of

Emotion differentiation, which involves experiencing and labeling emotions in a granular way, has been linked with well-being. It has been theorized that differentiating between emotions facilitates effective emotion regulation, but this link has yet to be comprehensively tested. In two experience-sampling studies, we examined how negative emotion differentiation was related to (a) the selection of emotion-regulation strategies and (b) the effectiveness of these strategies in downregulating negative emotion ( Ns = 200 and 101 participants and 34,660 and 6,282 measurements, respectively). Unexpectedly, we found few relationships between differentiation and the selection of putatively adaptive or maladaptive strategies. Instead, we found interactions between differentiation and strategies in predicting negative emotion. Among low differentiators, all strategies (Study 1) and four of six strategies (Study 2) were more strongly associated with increased negative emotion than they were among high differentiators. This suggests that low differentiation may hinder successful emotion regulation, which in turn supports the idea that effective regulation may underlie differentiation benefits.

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Affect Dysregulation in Context: Implications and Future Directions of Experience Sampling Research on Affect Regulation Models of Loss of Control Eating

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.747854 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Megan E. Mikhail

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Affect Regulation ◽

Negative Emotion ◽

Experience Sampling ◽

Future Research ◽

Loss Of Control ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Loss Of Control Eating ◽

Sampling Studies ◽

Regulation Model

Loss of control eating is a core, transdiagnostic eating disorder symptom associated with psychological distress, functional impairment, and reduced quality of life. However, the factors that contribute to persistent loss of control eating despite negative consequences are not fully understood. Understanding the mechanisms that maintain loss of control eating is crucial to advance treatments that interrupt these processes. Affect regulation models of loss of control eating hypothesize that negative emotions trigger loss of control eating, and that loss of control eating is negatively reinforced because it temporarily decreases negative affect. Several variations on this basic affect regulation model have been proposed, including theories suggesting that negative affect decreases during loss of control eating rather than afterwards (escape theory), and that loss of control eating replaces one negative emotion with another that is less aversive (trade-off theory). Experience sampling designs that measure negative affect and eating behavior multiple times per day are optimally suited to examining the nuanced predictions of these affect regulation models in people's everyday lives. This paper critically reviews experience sampling studies examining associations between negative affect and loss of control eating, and discusses the implications for different affect regulation models of loss of control eating. The review concludes by proposing an expanded affect-focused model of loss of control eating that incorporates trait-level individual differences and momentary biological and environmental variables to guide future research. Clinical implications and recommendations are discussed.

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Factors predicting satisfaction with communication in daily lives of adults who stutter: An experience sampling study

10.31234/osf.io/4sc5t ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tomosumi Haitani ◽

Naomi Sakai ◽

Koichi Mori

Keyword(s):

Positive Emotion ◽

Positive Emotions ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Negative Emotion ◽

Experience Sampling ◽

Subjective Experiences ◽

Latent Factors ◽

Daily Lives ◽

Opposite Trend ◽

Adults Who Stutter

Purpose: Improving satisfaction with communication (SC) is one of the issues in treatments of adults who stutter (AWS). SC can be influenced by self-rated stuttering severity (SS), negative/positive emotions, and emotion regulations and they are variable in daily communications. The present study aimed to explore factors predicting SC in daily communications of AWS, considering their variabilities and speaking contexts.Method: Twenty-seven AWS were surveyed by trait questionnaires and then by experience sampling method (ESM) seven times per day for 2 weeks, reporting speaking contexts and subjective experiences, including SC, SS, negative/positive emotions, and emotion regulations. Intra- and inter- individual variabilities and relationships of the variables were investigated.Results: Speaking contexts were summarized by unofficial/official communications. SC, SS, and emotion regulations in unofficial communications were less variable and SC was more strongly related to trait questionnaires. Items of the ESM loaded on three latent factors in each communication type, including (1) negative emotion, (2) stuttering and associated reactions (including SS and stuttering-and anxiety-related behaviors and cognitions), and (3) positive emotion and attending to communication. SC was more strongly associated with (3) than (2) in unofficial communications while the opposite trend was found in official communications.Conclusions: SC, SS, and stuttering-and anxiety-related emotion regulations in unofficial communications are more trait-like. Not only negative emotion regulations but also positive emotion regulations should be treated to improve SC in AWS, considering speaking contexts.

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Polygenic risk, familial liability and stress reactivity in psychosis: an experience sampling study

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291721004761 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Anita Schick ◽

Ruud van Winkel ◽

Bochao D. Lin ◽

Jurjen J. Luykx ◽

Sonja M.C. de Zwarte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Positive Affect ◽

Stress Reactivity ◽

Experience Sampling ◽

Polygenic Risk Score ◽

Psychotic Experiences ◽

Polygenic Risk ◽

First Degree Relatives ◽

Genome Wide Data ◽

Response To Stress ◽

Minor Stressors

Abstract Background There is evidence for a polygenic contribution to psychosis. One targetable mechanism through which polygenic variation may impact on individuals and interact with the social environment is stress sensitization, characterized by elevated reactivity to minor stressors in daily life. The current study aimed to investigate whether stress reactivity is modified by polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (PRS) in cases with enduring non-affective psychotic disorder, first-degree relatives of cases, and controls. Methods We used the experience sampling method to assess minor stressors, negative affect, positive affect and psychotic experiences in 96 cases, 79 first-degree relatives, i.e. siblings, and 73 controls at wave 3 of the Dutch Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) study. Genome-wide data were collected at baseline to calculate PRS. Results We found that associations of momentary stress with psychotic experiences, but not with negative and positive affect, were modified by PRS and group (all pFWE<0.001). In contrast to our hypotheses, siblings with high PRS reported less intense psychotic experiences in response to momentary stress compared to siblings with low PRS. No differences in magnitude of these associations were observed in cases with high v. low level of PRS. By contrast, controls with high PRS showed more intense psychotic experiences in response to stress compared to those with low PRS. Conclusions This tentatively suggests that polygenic risk may operate in different ways than previously assumed and amplify reactivity to stress in unaffected individuals but operate as a resilience factor in relatives by attenuating their stress reactivity.

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Disadvantaged youth report less negative emotion to minor stressors when with peers

International Journal of Behavioral Development ◽

10.1177/0165025415626516 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 41-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Bep Norma Uink ◽

Kathryn Lynn Modecki ◽

Bonnie L. Barber

Keyword(s):

Social Context ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Emotional Reactivity ◽

Negative Emotion ◽

Emotional States ◽

Daily Stressors ◽

Risk Period ◽

Minor Stressors ◽

Socialization Agents ◽

Post Stress

Previous Experience Sampling Method (ESM) studies demonstrate that adolescents’ daily emotional states are heavily influenced by their immediate social context. However, despite adolescence being a risk period for exposure to daily stressors, research has yet to examine the influence of peers on adolescents’ emotional responses to stressors encountered in their daily life. Adolescents ( N = 108) from a low-SES school completed ESM reports of their social context, minor stressors and emotions, 5 times a day for 7 days. Based on previous findings that the peer context is experienced as positive and rewarding, we expected being with peers would be associated with lower post-stress negative emotions and higher happiness, compared to being with family or alone. As expected, being with peers after a stressor was associated with lower sadness, worry and jealousy compared to being alone, and lower sadness compared to being with family. Gender differences emerged for the influence of peers on sadness, worry, jealousy and happiness. These findings highlight the salient influence of peers on adolescents’ emotional reactivity to stressors as they occur in their natural environment. Findings are discussed in reference to peers as important emotion socialization agents during adolescence and in terms of theories of coping and emotion regulation.

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Socioemotional Dynamics of Emotion Regulation and Depressive Symptoms: A Person-Specific Network Approach

Complexity ◽

10.1155/2018/5094179 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Xiao Yang ◽

Nilam Ram ◽

Scott D. Gest ◽

David M. Lydon-Staley ◽

David E. Conroy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Psychological Health ◽

Recovery Time ◽

Negative Emotion ◽

Negative Emotions ◽

Experience Sampling ◽

Response Analysis ◽

Network Approach ◽

Sampling Studies

Socioemotional processes engaged in daily life may afford and/or constrain individuals’ emotion regulation in ways that affect psychological health. Recent findings from experience sampling studies suggest that persistence of negative emotions (emotion inertia), the strength of relations among an individual’s negative emotions (density of the emotion network), and cycles of negative/aggressive interpersonal transactions are related to psychological health. Using multiple bursts of intensive experience sampling data obtained from 150 persons over one year, person-specific analysis, and impulse response analysis, this study quantifies the complex and interconnected socioemotional processes that surround individuals’ daily social interactions and on-going regulation of negative emotion in terms of recovery time. We also examine how this measure of regulatory inefficiency is related to interindividual differences and intraindividual change in level of depressive symptoms. Individuals with longer recovery times had higher overall level of depressive symptoms. Also, during periods where recovery time of sadness was longer than usual, individuals’ depressive symptoms were also higher than usual, particularly among individuals who experienced higher overall level of stressful life events. The findings and analysis highlight the utility of a person-specific network approach to study emotion regulation, how regulatory processes change over time, and potentially how planned changes in the configuration of individuals’ systems may contribute to psychological health.

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Up- and Down-Regulation of Daily Emotion: An Experience Sampling Study of Chinese Adolescents' Regulatory Tendency and Effects

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/09.10.pr0.113x22z4 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 113 (2) ◽

pp. 552-565 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Xinmei Deng ◽

Biao Sang ◽

Ziyan Luan

Keyword(s):

Positive Emotion ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Negative Emotion ◽

Emotional Experience ◽

Experience Sampling ◽

Experience Sampling Method ◽

Chinese Adolescents ◽

Down Regulation ◽

Regulatory Strategy

The present study examined Chinese adolescents' emotion regulatory tendency and its effect, using an Experience Sampling Method. Participants comprised 72 Chinese adolescents ( M age = 15.2 yr., SD = 1.7; 36 girls). Momentary emotional experience and regulation was assessed up to 5 or 6 times each day for two weeks. Results showed that participants tended to use up-regulation when they experienced positive emotion and habitually regulated their negative emotion by down-regulation. Also, adolescents who utilized down-regulation in a certain sampling moment reported higher positive emotion at the subsequent sampling moment. Moreover, adolescents who utilized down-regulation more frequently reported higher positive emotion at the subsequent sampling moment. Overall, down-regulation seemed to be a more adaptive regulatory strategy than up-regulation in Chinese adolescents' emotional lives.

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