Chronic Nephropathy in Ad Libitum Overfed Sprague-Dawley Rats and Its Early Attenuation by Increasing Degrees of Dietary (Caloric) Restriction to Control Growth

Abstract Long-term caloric restriction (CR) has been shown to be beneficial to various tissues and organs. In contrast, CR exerts differential effects on bone, which could be due in part to the nature of the protein regime utilized. Male Sprague Dawley rats (8-month-old) were subjected for 12 months to 40% CR in macronutrients and compared with rats fed ad libitum for the same period. Casein- and soy-fed groups were compared. There was a significant decrease in bone quality in both CR groups, which was independent of the source of protein in the diet. In contrast, the group fed soy protein ad libitum showed better bone quality and higher levels of bone formation compared with casein-fed animals. Notably, bone marrow adipocytes were not mobilized upon CR as demonstrated by an absence of change in adipocyte number and tissue expression of leptin. This study demonstrates that the negative effect of CR on bone quality could not be prevented by the most common protein regimes.

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Long-Evans and Sprague-Dawley rats exhibit divergent responses to refeeding after caloric restriction

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00602.2004 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 288 (6) ◽

pp. R1468-R1476 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

S. A. Evans ◽

M. M. Messina ◽

W. D. Knight ◽

A. D. Parsons ◽

J. M. Overton

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Caloric Restriction ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Sd Rats ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Complete Restoration ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Long Evans ◽

Strain Dependent ◽

Stimulation Of

Mature male Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Long-Evans (LE) rats were instrumented with telemetry transmitters for measurement of heart rate (HR) and housed in room calorimeters for assessment of food intake and oxygen consumption (V̇o2) at standard laboratory temperatures (23°C) to examine physiological responses to caloric restriction (CR; 60% of baseline ad libitum calories for 2 wk) and refeeding. Ad libitum controls had stable food intake (84–88 kcal/day) and gained weight at rates of 3–4 g/day. Groups from both strains assigned to CR exhibited similar patterns of weight loss and reductions in V̇o2 and HR. Upon refeeding, SD rats exhibited a mild, transient hyperphagic response (1 day) accompanied by sustained suppression of V̇o2 and HR that remained evident 8 days after refeeding. In contrast, LE rats exhibited sustained daily hyperphagia that persisted 8 days after refeeding and was accompanied by a complete restoration of HR and V̇o2. The lower HR and V̇o2 observed during refeeding in SD rats were not due to reduced locomotor activity. The results reveal a strain-dependent divergent response to recovery from CR. We conclude that during recovery from CR, homeostatic stimulation of appetite or suppression of energy expenditure may occur selectively to restore body weight.

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Light and electron microscopic investigation of adenohypophyses of germfree, food-restricted, and germfree-food restricted aging, male lobund-wistar rats

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100103826 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 352-353

Author(s):

G. Ilse ◽

K. Kovacs ◽

N. Ryan ◽

T. Sano ◽

L. Stefaneanu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wistar Rats ◽

Microscopic Investigation ◽

Electron Microscopic Investigation ◽

Aging Male ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Old Rats ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Microscopic Findings

Germfree state and food restriction have been shown to increase life span and delay tumor occurrence in rats. We report here the histologic, immunocytochemical and electron microscopic findings of adenohypophyses of aging, male Lobund-Wistar rats raised at Lobund Laboratories. In our previous study, the morphologic changes in the adenohypophyses of old rats have been extensively investigated by histology, immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy. Lactotroph adenomas were frequent in Long-Evans and Sprague-Dawley rats, whereas gonadotroph adenomas were frequent in Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats.Male Lobund-Wistar rats were divided into four groups: 1) conventional, which were raised under normal non-germfree environment and received food ad libitum; 2) germfree-food ad libitum; 3) conventional environment-food restricted and 4) germfree-food restricted. The adenohypophyses were removed from 6-month-, 18-month- and 30-month-old rats. For light microscopy, adenohypophyses were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin.

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Circadian rhythm of serum and lymph apolipoprotein AIV in ad libitum-fed and fasted rats

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1994.267.5.r1385 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 267 (5) ◽

pp. R1385-R1390 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

K. Fukagawa ◽

H. M. Gou ◽

R. Wolf ◽

P. Tso

Keyword(s):

Circadian Rhythm ◽

Important Determinant ◽

Lymph Flow ◽

Right Atrial ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Mesenteric Lymph ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Ad Libitum Feeding ◽

Fasted Rats

The aim of the present study was to determine if there is a circadian rhythm in serum and lymph apolipoprotein (apo) AIV and what factors determine this rhythm. Male Sprague-Dawley rats with chronic right atrial catheter were housed in a room illuminated from 0600 to 1800. With ad libitum feeding, serum apo AIV concentration showed a circadian rhythm concomitant with the feeding pattern. In 24-h fasted rats, the serum apo AIV concentration maintained a circadian rhythm and was high during the dark. With mesenteric lymph diversion, serum apo AIV concentration diminished and the circadian rhythm was abolished. The lymph flow, lymph apo AIV, cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and phospholipid contents all exhibited the same circadian rhythm in fasting, with the levels higher in the dark. These circadian rhythms were abolished after bile diversion. In conclusion, serum apo AIV in ad libitum-fed and fasted rats exhibits a circadian rhythm governed by lymph apo AIV output. Furthermore, bile was an important determinant of the circadian rhythm of lymph flow, lymph apo AIV, triacylglycerol, cholesterol, and phospholipid output.

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The Effects of Ad Libitum Overfeeding and Moderate and Marked Dietary Restriction on Age-Related Spontaneous Pituitary Gland Pathology in Sprague—Dawley Rats

Toxicologic Pathology ◽

10.1080/01926230390204351 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 310-320 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sylvain Molon-Noblot ◽

Philippe Laroque ◽

John B. Coleman ◽

Chao-Min Hoe ◽

Kevin P. Keenan

Keyword(s):

Pituitary Gland ◽

Dietary Restriction ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Age Related ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Ad Libitum

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The Effects of Ad Libitum Feeding and Marked Dietary Restriction on Spontaneous Skeletal Muscle Pathology in Sprague–Dawley Rats

Toxicologic Pathology ◽

10.1080/01926230500251428 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 600-608 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sylvain Molon-Noblot ◽

Marie-Françoise Hubert ◽

Chao-Min Hoe ◽

Kevin Keenan ◽

Philippe Laroque

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Dietary Restriction ◽

Muscle Pathology ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Ad Libitum Feeding

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Effect of acute and chronic caloric restriction and metabolic glucoprivation on spontaneous physical activity in obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.90866.2008 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 297 (1) ◽

pp. R176-R184 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

J. A. Teske ◽

C. M. Kotz

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Caloric Restriction ◽

Phenotypic Traits ◽

Time Interval ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Orexin A ◽

Time Period ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Spontaneous Physical Activity

Caloric restriction (CR) and metabolic glucoprivation affect spontaneous physical activity (SPA), but it's unknown whether these treatments similarly affect SPA in selectively bred obesity-prone (OP) and -resistant (OR) rats. OR rats have greater basal SPA and are more responsive to treatments that modulate SPA, such as orexin A administration. We hypothesized that OR rats would be more sensitive to other treatments modulating SPA. To test this, continuous 24-h SPA was measured before and during acute (24 h) and chronic (8 wk) CR in OR, OP, and Sprague-Dawley rats. Pharmacological glucoprivation was produced by injection of 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG), and SPA was measured 5 h postinjection. Acute CR increased SPA in all groups; however, the effect was dependent on the index of SPA and time interval during the 24-h time period. In contrast to OR rats, chronic CR increased distance traveled, ambulatory episodes, and time spent in ambulation and stereotypy during the time interval preceding anticipation of food in OP and Sprague-Dawley rats. Although the effects of 2-DG treatment on SPA were minimal, OR rats had significantly greater SPA than OP and Sprague-Dawley rats independent of treatment. That chronic CR failed to result in significant changes in SPA in OR rats suggests that these rats may be especially unresponsive to treatments modulating feeding. This insensitivity coupled with elevated basal SPA levels may in part mediate phenotypic traits of lean rats.

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Latency to Leave an Elevated Platform, Activity in a Dark Chamber, and Weight in Aging Sprague-Dawley Rats

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1975.36.1.231 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 231-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. I. Thompson ◽

Thomas R. Fitzsimons

Keyword(s):

Young Adult ◽

Young Adulthood ◽

Learning Ability ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Age Changes ◽

Dark Chamber ◽

Memory Research ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Step Down

Young adult, middle-aged, and old male Sprague-Dawley rats ( n = 42) were compared for differences in step-down latency and activity in a darkened chamber. Ad libitum weights also were recorded. Latencies to leave a step-down platform increased about 400% from 4 to 9 mo. and then stabilized, suggesting that performance in this apparatus, commonly used in memory research, is very sensitive to age changes in rats less than 1 yr. old. Activity in the darkened chamber continued to decrease linearly from young adulthood to senility. Thus decreases in activity with age follow differing slopes, depending upon the task. Ad libitum weights increased linearly from 5 to 22.5 mo. A possible methodological implication for between-age comparisons of learning ability motivated by food was noted.

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Suppression of food intake, body weight, and body fat by jejunal fatty acid infusions

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.2000.278.3.r604 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 278 (3) ◽

pp. R604-R610 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

James E. Cox ◽

William J. Tyler ◽

Alan Randich ◽

Gary R. Kelm ◽

Satinder S. Bharaj ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Oleic Acid ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Caloric Intake ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Total Load ◽

Total Intake ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Saline Administration ◽

Ad Libitum

Three experiments investigated effects of jejunal lipid infusions given on 4 or 21 consecutive days in adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats. In experiment 1, 7-h infusions of linoleic or oleic acid (0.2 ml/h for 7 h; total load = 11.5 kcal) on 4 consecutive days reduced total intake (ad libitum consumption of the liquid diet Boost, Mead Johnson, plus load) by ∼15% and decreased weight gain compared with 4-day tests with saline administration. In experiment 2, linoleic acid at 0.1 ml/h for 7 h (5.7 kcal) was ineffective, whereas the same load delivered in 3.5 h produced effects similar in magnitude to those in the first experiment. In experiment 3, jejunal infusions of linoleic acid (0.2 ml/h for 7 h) on 21 consecutive days reduced mean total intake by 16%, body weight by 10%, and carcass fat by 48% compared with controls receiving saline. The net decrease in caloric intake may reflect the combined activation of pre- and postabsorptive mechanisms, and it suggests a possible treatment for obesity.

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