scholarly journals Dystrophic Mineralization of Costal Cartilage in Hartley Guinea Pigs

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-439
Author(s):  
Alexandria M. Schauer ◽  
Adrienne Schucker ◽  
Cathy S. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Incidental Findings ◽  
Costal Cartilage ◽  
Osseous Metaplasia ◽  
Animal Models Of Disease ◽  
Models Of Disease

Hartley guinea pigs are widely used animal models of disease, particularly in studies of osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to investigate lesions in the costal cartilage from 16 male, 5- to 6-month-old Hartley guinea pigs. Routine histological sections from the costal cartilage and costochondral junction (longitudinal and cross sections) and sternum (for evaluation of bone marrow) were examined. All 16 (100%) animals had histological lesions involving the costal cartilage that included matrix degeneration and mineralization, reduced cellularity, and evidence of chondrocyte necrosis. Of the 16, 4 (25%) of the lesions contained blood vessels and 3 (19%) contained central osseous metaplasia. The cartilage lesions were accompanied by degeneration (sometimes with regeneration and/or fibrosis) in adjacent skeletal muscle in 15 of the 16 (94%) animals. The lesions in the costal cartilage were interpreted as dystrophic mineralization of unknown cause and appear to be incidental findings, although they bear some resemblance to lesions occurring in Tietze’s disease in humans. The significance of the lesions in skeletal muscle is unclear. Histological lesions of cartilage matrix degeneration and mineralization in these sites have not, to our knowledge, been reported previously.

Super-Enhancer-Associated Transcription Factors Maintain Transcriptional Regulation in Mature Podocytes

2021 ◽  
pp. ASN.2020081177
Author(s):  
Jingping Yang ◽  
Difei Zhang ◽  
Masaru Motojima ◽  
Tsutomu Kume ◽  
Qing Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Transgenic Animal ◽  
Animal Models Of Disease ◽  
Super Enhancer ◽  
Models Of Disease ◽  
Human Glomerulus

BackgroundTranscriptional programs control cell fate, and identifying their components is critical for understanding diseases caused by cell lesion, such as podocytopathy. Although many transcription factors (TFs) are necessary for cell-state maintenance in glomeruli, their roles in transcriptional regulation are not well understood.MethodsThe distribution of H3K27ac histones in human glomerulus cells was analyzed to identify superenhancer-associated TFs, and ChIP-seq and transcriptomics were performed to elucidate the regulatory roles of the TFs. Transgenic animal models of disease were further investigated to confirm the roles of specific TFs in podocyte maintenance.ResultsSuperenhancer distribution revealed a group of potential TFs in core regulatory circuits in human glomerulus cells, including FOXC1/2, WT1, and LMX1B. Integration of transcriptome and cistrome data of FOXC1/2 in mice resolved transcriptional regulation in podocyte maintenance. FOXC1/2 regulated differentiation-associated transcription in mature podocytes. In both humans and animal models, mature podocyte injury was accompanied by deregulation of FOXC1/2 expression, and FOXC1/2 overexpression could protect podocytes in zebrafish.ConclusionsFOXC1/2 maintain podocyte differentiation through transcriptional stabilization. The genome-wide chromatin resources support further investigation of TFs’ regulatory roles in glomeruli transcription programs.

Review of the biological activity of maslinic acid1

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Jing ◽  
Wang Rui ◽  
Li Ruihua ◽  
Yu Hao ◽  
Fang Hengtong
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Maslinic Acid ◽  
Animal Models Of Disease ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Cancer Inflammation ◽  
Models Of Disease

: Since the discovery of (2α,3β)-2,3-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid, also known as maslinic acid, many studies have examined its biological activity, which has been shown to promote health and resist various diseases. This article focuses on previous research on maslinic acid and mainly reviews its reported effects on cardiovascular diseases, neuroprotection, diabetes, cancer, inflammation, and pathogens. Maslinic acid exerts positive effects on both cell and animal models of disease. Although its mechanism of action has not yet been completely elucidated, maslinic acid is feasible as a nutritional additive and has the potential to be developed as a drug.

Current use of animal models of disease for nonclinical safety testing

2020 ◽  
Vol 23-24 ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Diann Blanset ◽  
Julie Hutt ◽  
Sherry Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Safety Testing ◽  
Animal Models Of Disease ◽  
Models Of Disease

Total Capillary Bed in Striated Muscle of Guinea Pigs Native to the Peruvian Mountains

1958 ◽  
Vol 194 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Valdivia
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Free Exercise ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Group A ◽  
Capillary Bed

The total capillary bed in skeletal muscle of guinea pigs has been determined by perfusion with India ink and counting capillaries in cross sections of gelatin embedded muscle. Comparative studies have indicated the importance of age, the muscle studied and the site where counts were performed. Capillaries were more evently distributed in the red than the white areas of the muscle. Free exercise or restriction in cages during the life span did not materially effect the results, although in cross sections some gross enlargement of the red areas was observed in the free exercise group. A significantly greater number of capillaries per square millimeter of muscle tissue were observed in the red area of muscles from animals native to the Peruvian mountains. The red area of these muscles was also more extensive than in the sea level born controls. The possible adaptive significance of these characteristics has been indicated.

scholarly journals Can Animal Models of Disease Reliably Inform Human Studies?

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. e1000245 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bart van der Worp ◽  
David W. Howells ◽  
Emily S. Sena ◽  
Michelle J. Porritt ◽  
Sarah Rewell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Human Studies ◽  
Animal Models Of Disease ◽  
Models Of Disease
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