scholarly journals The Emergence of Microphysiological Systems (Organs-on-chips) as Paradigm-changing Tools for Toxicologic Pathology

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel G. Rudmann
Keyword(s):  
Medical Device ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Potential Utility ◽  
Microphysiological Systems ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology ◽  
Toxicological Pathology

Microphysiological systems (MPS), commonly known as organs-on-chips, are a rapidly advancing technology that promises to impact many areas of medical and toxicological pathology. In this minireview, the history of MPS and its potential utility in safety assessment are described with the toxicologic pathologist in mind. Several MPS development focus areas are defined, and recent progress in the area is highlighted. MPS will likely become an important tool for the toxicologic pathologist as part of our role in the safety assessment process within the pharmaceutical, biotechnology, medical device, and cosmetic and agrichemical industries.

Technical Issues Related to Computerized Music Performance Assessment

2019 ◽  
pp. 854-876
Author(s):  
Daniel Massoth
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Music Performance ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Music Assessment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
Internal And External Factors

When technology is used for assessment in music, certain considerations can affect the validity, reliability, and depth of analysis. This chapter explores factors that are present in the three phases of the assessment process: recognition, analysis, and display of assessment of a musical performance. Each phase has inherent challenges embedded within internal and external factors. The goal here is not to provide an exhaustive analysis of any or all aspects of assessment but, rather, to present the rationale for and history of using technology in music assessment and to examine the philosophical and practical considerations. A discussion of possible future directions of product research and development concludes the chapter.

scholarly journals Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions Improve Ecosystem Services Risk Assessment: Case Studies from Two Coastal Lagoons in South America

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Velez ◽  
Daniel Conde ◽  
Juan Lozoya ◽  
James Rusak ◽  
Felipe García-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
South America ◽  
Coastal Lagoons ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions

Paleoenvironmental reconstructions are increasingly being used in conservation biology, ecosystem management, and evaluations of ecosystem services (ES), but their potential to contribute to the ES risk assessment process has not been explored. We propose that the long-term history of the ecosystem provides valuable information that augments and strengthens an ES risk assessment and that it should be considered routinely when undertaking risk assessments. We adjusted a standard ecosystem-based risk management (EBRM) protocol to include paleoenvironmental data, and tested the modified approach on two coastal lagoons in South America. Paleolimnological reconstructions in both lagoons indicate that salinity and nutrients (in Laguna de Rocha), and salinity (in Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta), as controlled by hydrologic connectivity with the ocean and freshwater tributaries, have been the key variables behind ecosystem’s function. This understanding, applied to inform various components and steps in the EBRM protocol, suggests that the maintenance of hydrological connections should be a management priority to minimize risk to ES. This work illustrates the utility of including paleoenvironmental data in an EBRM context and highlights the need for a more holistic approach to risk management by incorporating the long-term history of ecosystem function.

Composition of Safety and Cyber Security Analysis Techniques and Tools for NPP I&C System Assessment

2020 ◽  
pp. 204-220
Author(s):  
Ievgen Babeshko ◽  
Kostiantyn Leontiiev
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
And Control

Safety assessment of nuclear power plant instrumentation and control systems (NPP I&Cs) is a complicated and resource-consuming process that is required to be done so as to ensure the required safety level and comply to normative regulations. A lot of work has been performed in the field of application of different assessment methods and techniques, modifying them, and using their combinations so as to provide a unified approach in comprehensive safety assessment. Performed research has shown that there are still challenges to overcome, including rationale and choice of the safety assessment method, verification of assessment results, choosing and applying techniques that support safety assessment process, especially in the nuclear field. This chapter presents a developed framework that aggregates the most appropriate safety assessment methods typically used for NPP I&Cs.

Safety Assessment Process Optimization for Integrated Modular Avionics

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 58-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunsheng Wang ◽  
Hang Lei ◽  
Richard Hackett ◽  
Martin Beeby
Keyword(s):  
Process Optimization ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Integrated Modular Avionics

Learning Disabilities in Reading

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carleen Franz ◽  
Lee Ascherman ◽  
Julia Shaftel
Keyword(s):  
Reading Disabilities ◽  
Whole Language ◽  
Reading Skills ◽  
Reading Difficulties ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Teaching Reading ◽  
Fluency And Comprehension ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Reading Panel ◽  
Components Of Reading

This chapter begins with a brief history of the controversy regarding teaching reading using the whole language versus phonics methods, including how these two teaching approaches affect students with reading disabilities. The development of reading skills is outlined, and the three interdependent components of reading as defined by the National Reading Panel are described (alphabetics, fluency, and comprehension). Various types of reading disabilities and their manifestations are illustrated with case studies. Emphasis is given to discussion of dyslexia and how it fits into an overall picture of reading disabilities. The chapter concludes with a description of the assessment process and intervention options for various types of reading difficulties.

Nuclear and chemical characterization of heavy actinides

2019 ◽  
Vol 107 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 803-819
Author(s):  
Yuichiro Nagame
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Nuclear Fission ◽  
Heavy Nuclei ◽  
Nuclear Decay ◽  
Decay Properties ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract Recent progress in the production of heavy nuclei far from stability and in the studies of nuclear and chemical properties of heavy actinides is briefly reviewed. Exotic nuclear decay properties including nuclear fission of heavy nuclei, measurements of first ionization potentials of heavy actinides, and redox studies of heavy actinides are described. Brief history of discovery of the transuranium elements is also presented.

scholarly journals The Safety Assessment Process—Setting the Scene: An FDA Perspective

ILAR Journal ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 43 (Suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S5-S10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard M. Schechtman
Keyword(s):  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Assessment Process

Metal-Free Catalytic Aromatic C–H Borylation

Synlett ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (19) ◽  
pp. 1857-1861
Author(s):  
Hua Zhang ◽  
Li Wang
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Transition Metal Catalysis ◽  
Mechanistic Studies ◽  
Metal Catalysis ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
History Of ◽  
Near Future

In recent decades, C–H borylation has undergone rapid development and has become one of the most important and efficient methods for the synthesis of organoboron compounds. Although transition-metal catalysis dominates C–H borylation, the metal-free approach has emerged as a promising alternative strategy. This article briefly summarizes the history of metal-free aromatic C–H borylation, including early reports on electrophilic C–H borylation and recent progress in metal-free catalytic intermolecular C–H borylation; it also highlights our recent work on BF3·Et2O-catalyzed C2–H borylation of hetarenes. Despite these recent advances, comprehensive mechanistic studies on various metal-free catalytic aromatic C–H borylations and novel processes with a wider substrate scope are eagerly expected in the near future.

scholarly journals XXIII.—Some Account of the Recent Progress of Sanskrit Studies

1863 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-283
Author(s):  
J. Muir
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Indian Literature ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Made In

In compliance with the desire which the Council have done me the honour to express, I have drawn up the following account of the recent progress and present state of Sanskrit studies, prefixing such an outline of the earlier history of these researches as may serve to complete the review, and render it more easily intelligible.In this sketch I do not profess to communicate anything new, but merely seek to present such a summary of the results already obtained, as may convey to those who have not bestowed any special attention on the subject some idea of the character and affinities of the Sanskrit language, and of the nature and contents of Indian literature, as well as of the advances which have of late years been made in the principal branches of the study.

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