scholarly journals Selective Chemonucleolysis With Condoliase in Cynomolgus Monkeys

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 656-668
Author(s):  
Dai Muramatsu ◽  
Hiroaki Yamaguchi ◽  
Yuka Minamisawa ◽  
Aisuke Nii
Keyword(s):  
Annulus Fibrosus ◽  
Proteolytic Enzyme ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Epiphyseal Growth Plate ◽  
Cynomolgus Monkeys ◽  
Adjacent Vertebral Body ◽  
Cellular Regeneration ◽  
Cartilaginous Endplate

Selective chemonucleolytic effects of condoliase, a glycosaminoglycan degrading enzyme, was investigated histopathologically in cynomolgus monkeys. Condoliase was administered once into the lumber intervertebral disc (IVD), and as a comparative control, chymopapain, a proteolytic enzyme, was administered in a similar manner. Histopathological changes of the IVD and the adjacent vertebral body (VB) were examined at 1 to 26 weeks after administration. Major changes induced by condoliase in the IVD were degenerative and necrotic changes in the nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus, cartilaginous endplate (CEP), and epiphyseal growth plate (EGP); focal disappearance of the EGP; and neovascularization and ossification of the CEP. Decreased/necrosis of bone marrow cells with new bone formation was observed in the VB. Cellular regeneration in the IVD was observed as a recovery changes on and after week 4. The changes in the IVD and VB subsided at week 26. Chymopapain induced qualitatively similar but more widely extended changes. The degrees of the changes in the IVD and VB were more severe than those of condoliase, and the changes were exacerbated even at week 26. These results indicated that histopathological changes caused by condoliase were less severe and more selective than those by chymopapain.

scholarly journals Testicular Response to Exogenous Gonadotropins in Infant Cynomolgus Monkeys

1996 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 371-380
Author(s):  
Hidenobu Sameshima ◽  
Katsumi Hamana
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Human Menopausal Gonadotropin ◽  
Testicular Function ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Cynomolgus Monkeys ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
Germinal Cells

The response of the testis to exogenous gonadotropins was examined by determining serum testosterone (T) levels and by observing histopathological changes of the testes using 5–7 month-old males. After a single combined injection of 100 IU plus 15 IU human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) or 500 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) plus 15 IU hMG, the serum T levels reached peak values 72 h after administration. During repeated aministration of the combined injection of 100 IU hCG plus 15 IU hMG at five 3-day intervals (Day 0, 3, 6, 9, 12), the serum T levels reached peak values 3 days after the first injection, which were about 3 times higher than the mean serum T levels of adult monkeys. The serum T levels decreased gradually on subsequent days of treatment. Three days after the fifth injection (Day 15), the T levels were equal to the T levels of adult monkeys. The testicular volumes on Day 15 were significantly higher than those on the first day of injection. The histopathological examination of the testes (210, 238 mg) obtained from two treated males revealed hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the Leydig cells and spermatogonias, spermatocytes, and mitotic germinal cells were observed in the seminiferous tubule. Only spermatogonia were found in the one testis (150 mg) obtained from an untreated male. From the above results, it was confirmed that the testes of infant cynomolgus monkeys produced T levels in the same way as the testes of adult monkeys in response to the administration of exogenous gonadotropins. Additionally, the initiation of the spermatogenetic process in the testes of infant monkeys was stimulated by exogenous gonadotropins, therefore suggesting that this method could become a useful means to evaluate the testicular function of infant males.

Comparison of Bone Marrow Cells Harvested from Various Bones of Cynomolgus Monkeys at Various Ages by Perfusion or Aspiration Methods: A Preclinical Study for Human BMT

Stem Cells ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taketoshi Kushida ◽  
Muneo Inaba ◽  
Kazuya Ikebukuro ◽  
Naoya Ichioka ◽  
Takashi Esumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Preclinical Study ◽  
Cynomolgus Monkeys ◽  
Marrow Cells

scholarly journals Avascular Necrosis of the Intermedioradial Carpal Bone in a 6-Month-Old Dog

VCOT Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. e53-e59
Author(s):  
Dan D. Kenny ◽  
Turlough O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Avascular Necrosis ◽  
Acute Injury ◽  
Vascular Pathology ◽  
Carpal Bone ◽  
Skeletally Immature ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Thoracic Limb ◽  
Focal Osteolysis

AbstractA 6-month-old neutered male dog presented for investigation of right thoracic limb lameness of 6-week duration following an acute injury. Radiography and computed tomography revealed focal osteolysis of the intermedioradial carpal bone. Histopathology of the bone revealed osteonecrosis, bone resorption, fibrous proliferation and new bone formation suggestive of avascular necrosis. Pancarpal arthrodesis was performed to stabilize the carpus and resulted in resolution of lameness and return to normal exercise. Avascular necrosis of carpal bones is rare and unreported in skeletally immature dogs. The imaging and histopathological changes in this dog's intermedioradial carpal bone bear strong similarity to Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease and the two presentations may have a similar traumatic vascular pathology.

Osteogenic Effect of Genistein on In Vitro Bone Formation by Human Bone Marrow Cell Culture - For Development of Advanced Bio-Artificial Bone

2005 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 667-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriko Okumura ◽  
Takafumi Yoshikawa ◽  
Jin Iida ◽  
Akitaka Nonomura ◽  
Yoshinori Takakura
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Marrow Cell ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Human Bone Marrow Cell ◽  
Osteogenic Effect ◽  
Marrow Cells

The effect of genistein, a soybean isoflavone, on new bone formation by bone marrow cells from mature humans was examined. After informed consent was obtained from a 55-year-old woman with osteoporosis and lumbar spondylosis deformans，bone marrow cells were collected from her ilium, cultured in the standard medium of MEM containing fetal calf serum and then cultured with or without the addition of genistein to the bone-forming medium containing dexamethasone etc.． In humans, when genistein was added to the bone-forming medium, genistein (10-7 M and 10-8 M)caused a significant increase in the levels of alkaline phosphatase avtivity and DNA content compared with cells not cultured in genistein． In conclusion，genistein was found to promote bone formation at lower concentrations，and thus may be useful as a bone formation-promoting factor.

Hexachlorobenzene toxicity in the monkey ovary: III. Ultrastructure induced by high (10 mg/kg) dose exposure

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 130-131
Author(s):  
A. Singh ◽  
A. Dykeman ◽  
J. Jarrelf ◽  
D. C. Villeneuve
Keyword(s):  
Present Report ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Primate Model ◽  
Human Follicular Fluid ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Cynomolgus Monkeys ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Induction Cycle ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), a persistent and mobile organochlorine pesticide, occurs in environment. HCB has been shown to be present in human follicular fluid. An objective of the present report, which is part of a comprehensive study on reproductive toxicity of HCB, was to determine the cytologic effects of the compound on ovarian follicles in a primate model.Materials and Methods. Eight Cynomolgus monkeys were housed under controlled conditions at Animal facility of Health and Welfare, Ottawa. Animals were orally administered gelatin capsules containing HCB mixed with glucose in daily dosages of 0.0 or 10 mg/kg b.w. for 90 days; the former was the control group. On the menstrual period following completion of dosing, the monkeys underwent an induction cycle of superovulation. At necropsy, one-half of an ovary from each animal was diced into ca. 2- to 3-mm cubed specimens that were fixed by immersion in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.3). Subsequent procedures followed to obtain thin sections that were examined in a Hitachi H-7000 electron microscope have been described earlier.

Freeze-etch studies of epiphyseal growth plate cartilage reveal matrix vesicles associated with calcification

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 670-671
Author(s):  
Russell N. A. Cecil ◽  
H. Clarke Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Chromic Acid ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Matrix Vesicles ◽  
Matrix Vesicle ◽  
Glycerol Solution ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Epiphyseal Growth Plate ◽  
Growth Plates ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Tibial Epiphyseal

Unfixed proximal tibial epiphyseal growth plates were studied by freeze-etch to confirm the presence of extracellular calcifying matrix vesicles and to determine the substructure of matrix vesicle membranes as compared to plasma and other membranes of intact chondrocytes. Growth plates from 6-10 week old Sprague-Dawley rats were cut into 1x3 mm blocks whose long dimension was oriented either perpendicular or parallel to the long axis of the tibia. Some blocks were fixed at pH 7. 0 in 0. 2M cacodylate - buffered 2. 5% glutaraldehyde for 1 hour at 4ÅC. The blocks were immersed in 30% glycerol solution at 4ÅC for 1 hour, frozen in liquid nitrogen, and then fractured, etched for 2 minutes, and coated with platinum, carbon and 0. 2% Formvar solution. The replicas were cleaned with chromic acid, floated onto Formvar coated grids, and examined with a Phillips EM 300 electron microscope.Fixed and unfixed specimens appeared similar in ultrastructure. Chondrocytes, matrix, and matrix vesicles were identified. In specimens fractured parallel to the long axis of the tibia, the reserve, proliferative, hypertrophic, and calcifying zones could be discerned as described by light and electron microscopy.

The structure of pre-mRNA and mRNA from erythroid cells

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-235
Author(s):  
A.-M. Ladhoff ◽  
B.J. Thiele ◽  
Ch. Coutelle ◽  
S. Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Erythroid Cells ◽  
Globin Mrna ◽  
Ordered Structures ◽  
Rabbit Bone ◽  
Rabbit Reticulocytes

The suggested precursor-product relationship between the nuclear pre-mRNA and the cytoplasmic mRNA has created increased interest also in the structure of these RNA species. Previously we have been published electron micrographs of individual pre-mRNA molecules from erythroid cells. An intersting observation was the appearance of a contour, probably corresponding to higher ordered structures, on one end of 10 % of the pre-mRNA molecules from erythroid rabbit bone marrow cells (Fig. 1A). A virtual similar contour was observed in molecules of 9S globin mRNA from rabbit reticulocytes (Fig. 1B). A structural transformation in a linear contour occurs if the RNA is heated for 10 min to 90°C in the presence of 80 % formamide. This structural transformation is reversible when the denatured RNA is precipitated and redissolved in 0.2 M ammonium acetate.

Fine structure of early degenerating myofibers in the tibialis anterior of young ‘MDX’ mouse

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 322-323
Author(s):  
H.D. Geissinger ◽  
C.K. McDonald-Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Genetic Defect ◽  
Mdx Mouse ◽  
Mdx Mice ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Dystrophic Mouse ◽  
Preliminary Study

A new strain of mice, which had arisen by mutation from a dystrophic mouse colony was designated ‘mdx’, because the genetic defect, which manifests itself in brief periods of muscle destruction followed by episodes of muscle regeneration appears to be X-linked. Further studies of histopathological changes in muscle from ‘mdx’ mice at the light microscopic or electron microscopic levels have been published, but only one preliminary study has been on the tibialis anterior (TA) of ‘mdx’ mice less than four weeks old. Lesions in the ‘mdx’ mice vary between different muscles, and centronucleation of fibers in all muscles studied so far appears to be especially prominent in older mice. Lesions in young ‘mdx’ mice have not been studied extensively, and the results appear to be at variance with one another. The degenerative and regenerative aspects of the lesions in the TA of 23 to 26-day-old ‘mdx’ mice appear to vary quantitatively.

The Fine Structure of Irradiated Mouse Heart

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 184-185
Author(s):  
Vivian V. Yang ◽  
S. Phyllis Stearner
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Level ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Mouse Heart ◽  
Blood Vessel Wall ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Light Microscopic Level ◽  
Γ Rays ◽  
Fission Neutrons ◽  
Total Body

The heart is generally considered a radioresistant organ, and has received relatively little study after total-body irradiation with doses below the acutely lethal range. Some late damage in the irradiated heart has been described at the light microscopic level. However, since the dimensions of many important structures of the blood vessel wall are submicroscopic, investigators have turned to the electron microscope for adequate visualization of histopathological changes. Our studies are designed to evaluate ultrastructural changes in the mouse heart, particularly in the capillaries and muscle fibers, for 18 months after total-body exposure, and to compare the effects of 240 rad fission neutrons and 788 rad 60Co γ-rays.Three animals from each irradiated group and three control mice were sacrificed by ether inhalation at 4 days, and at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months after irradiation. The thorax was opened and the heart was fixed briefly in situwith Karnofsky's fixative.

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