Freeze-etch studies of epiphyseal growth plate cartilage reveal matrix vesicles associated with calcification

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 670-671
Author(s):  
Russell N. A. Cecil ◽  
H. Clarke Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Chromic Acid ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Matrix Vesicles ◽  
Matrix Vesicle ◽  
Glycerol Solution ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Epiphyseal Growth Plate ◽  
Growth Plates ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Tibial Epiphyseal

Unfixed proximal tibial epiphyseal growth plates were studied by freeze-etch to confirm the presence of extracellular calcifying matrix vesicles and to determine the substructure of matrix vesicle membranes as compared to plasma and other membranes of intact chondrocytes. Growth plates from 6-10 week old Sprague-Dawley rats were cut into 1x3 mm blocks whose long dimension was oriented either perpendicular or parallel to the long axis of the tibia. Some blocks were fixed at pH 7. 0 in 0. 2M cacodylate - buffered 2. 5% glutaraldehyde for 1 hour at 4ÅC. The blocks were immersed in 30% glycerol solution at 4ÅC for 1 hour, frozen in liquid nitrogen, and then fractured, etched for 2 minutes, and coated with platinum, carbon and 0. 2% Formvar solution. The replicas were cleaned with chromic acid, floated onto Formvar coated grids, and examined with a Phillips EM 300 electron microscope.Fixed and unfixed specimens appeared similar in ultrastructure. Chondrocytes, matrix, and matrix vesicles were identified. In specimens fractured parallel to the long axis of the tibia, the reserve, proliferative, hypertrophic, and calcifying zones could be discerned as described by light and electron microscopy.

Effects of cyclophosphamide on the femural epiphyseal growth plate in young Sprague-Dawley rats

2002 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oded Zilberman ◽  
Margareta Näsman ◽  
Carl-Magnus Forsberg ◽  
Sven Lindskog
Keyword(s):  
Growth Plate ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Epiphyseal Growth Plate ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

scholarly journals Skeletal effect of casein and whey protein intake during catch-up growth in young male Sprague–Dawley rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majdi Masarwi ◽  
Yankel Gabet ◽  
Oleg Dolkart ◽  
Tamar Brosh ◽  
Raanan Shamir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Bone Quality ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Epiphyseal Growth Plate ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Catch Up

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to determine whether the type of protein ingested influences the efficiency of catch-up (CU) growth and bone quality in fast-growing male rats. Young male Sprague–Dawley rats were either fed ad libitum (controls) or subjected to 36 d of 40 % food restriction followed by 24 or 40 d of re-feeding with either standard rat chow or iso-energetic, iso-protein diets containing milk proteins – casein or whey. In terms of body weight, CU growth was incomplete in all study groups. Despite their similar food consumption, casein-re-fed rats had a significantly higher body weight and longer humerus than whey-re-fed rats in the long term. The height of the epiphyseal growth plate (EGP) in both casein and whey groups was greater than that of rats re-fed normal chow. Microcomputed tomography yielded significant differences in bone microstructure between the casein and whey groups, with the casein-re-fed animals having greater cortical thickness in both the short and long term in addition to a higher trabecular bone fraction in the short term, although this difference disappeared in the long term. Mechanical testing confirmed the greater bone strength in rats re-fed casein. Bone quality during CU growth significantly depends on the type of protein ingested. The higher EGP in the casein- and whey-re-fed rats suggests a better growth potential with milk-based diets. These results suggest that whey may lead to slower bone growth with reduced weight gain and, as such, may serve to circumvent long-term complications of CU growth.

Cell Death in the Normal Epiphyseal Cartilage of the Rat

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 40-41
Author(s):  
Aly Fahmy
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Epiphyseal Cartilage ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Cartilaginous Tissues ◽  
Intercellular Matrix ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Secretory Products ◽  
Tibial Epiphyseal

The ultrastructure of the upper tibial epiphyseal cartilage plate of weanling and plateaued Sprague-Dawley rats growing under normal conditions has been studied, in order to establish a base-line for the future investigation of the site and mechanism of action of certain hormones which are known to affect the growth and maturation of long bones.Observations have been made concerning the character and amount of the secretory products in the cells of the various zones, as well as the characteristics of the constituents of the intercellular matrix. Our findings have confirmed and amplified published observations on the ultrastructure of cartilaginous tissues in a variety of species in general.

Mitochondrial Changes in the Adrenal Glands Following the Administration of 7,12-Dimethylbenzanthracene

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 578-579
Author(s):  
T. M. Murad ◽  
J. R. Leibach ◽  
E. von Haam
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Tritiated Thymidine ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Breast Tumors ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Cortical Necrosis ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Sudan Iii ◽  
Pre Treatment

Adrenal cortical necrosis and apoplexy have been described by Huggins and Morii to follow single or multiple intravenous injections of 7,12-dimethyl-benzanthracene into female Sprague-Dawley rats. This phenomenon is species- and strain-specific and occurs within a few days after DMBA administration. The mechanism by which the chemical exerts its damaging effect on the adrenals is not known although it has been suggested that the 7-hydroxymethyl derivative produced in the liver is the responsible agent. The adrenal cortical necrosis is dose-related and can be prevented by pre-treatment of the animals with 3-methylcholanthrene or Sudan III.In the present study the adrenal glands from 31 animals which had developed breast tumors after treatment with 7,12-DMBA were studied by light and electron microscopy. Five animals were injected with DMBA and five weeks later were injected with tritiated thymidine three hours before sacrifice. The adrenals from these animals were studied by autoradiography.

scholarly journals Ultrastructural localization of calcium-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Ca2+-ATPase) in growth-plate cartilage.

1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 925-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Akisaka ◽  
C V Gay
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Growth Plate ◽  
Golgi Complex ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Matrix Vesicles ◽  
Matrix Vesicle ◽  
Epiphyseal Growth Plate ◽  
Growth Plate Cartilage ◽  
Vesicle Membranes

The electron-microscopic cytochemical localization of calcium-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Ca2+-ATPase) was determined in chick epiphyseal growth-plate cartilage. In the reserve zone, mitochondria and lysosomes contained substantial amounts of reaction product, while the plasma membrane and the Golgi complex showed very weak enzymatic activity, and matrix vesicle membranes did not exhibit the cytochemical reaction. As maturation proceeded, the plasma membrane, Golgi complex, and matrix vesicle membranes also stained and were most intense in the proliferative and early hypertrophic zones. From the hypertrophic to the calcifying zone, cytochemical staining decreased progressively in the plasma membrane, the Golgi complex, and lysosomes, while in some cases mitochondrial reaction product remained intense. Matrix vesicles lost their enzymatic activity at the same time that matrix vesicle calcification commenced. It is proposed that this event allows matrix vesicles to calcify, since efflux of calcium would no longer occur.

scholarly journals Electron microscopic localization of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-hydrolyzing activity in isolated matrix vesicles and reconstituted vesicles from calf cartilage.

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Kanabe ◽  
H H Hsu ◽  
R N Cecil ◽  
H C Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Matrix Vesicles ◽  
Matrix Vesicle ◽  
Epiphyseal Growth Plate ◽  
Vesicle Membrane ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Electron Microscopic Localization

The presence and distribution of adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity in isolated matrix vesicles and reconstituted vesicles from fetal calf epiphyseal growth plate cartilage was studied by electron microscopic cytochemical methods to determine whether phosphatase activity would be found concentrated on the inside or the outside of matrix vesicle membranes or on both sides, and whether reconstitution of vesicles from deoxycholate-solubilized substituents would lead to the reassembly of membranes with ATPase incorporated. ATPase activity was observed on both the outer and inner surfaces of the investing membranes of isolated matrix vesicles and reconstituted vesicles. A transmembrane location of ATPase could indicate phosphate transfer across the vesicle membrane. Orthophosphate released by phosphatase activity within the protected microenvironment of the matrix vesicle could combine with membrane- or lipid-bound calcium, known to be present in vesicles, to form the first hydroxyapatite mineral during calcification.

Morphometric Analysis of Rat Trigeminal Ganglion Cells and Their Vibrissa Follicle Nerve Axons Following Multiple Low-Dose Exposure to the Carbamate Insecticide Aldicarb

1991 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 555-568
Author(s):  
Bradley G. Klein ◽  
Wilfred C. Mccain ◽  
Marion Ehrich
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Morphologic Alteration ◽  
And Control

Chronic carbamate exposure is reported to cause somatosensory dysfunction in humans. The limited experimental literature on neuropathic effects of repeated, low-level carbamate exposure is equivocal and does not address effects on well-defined somatosensory pathways. In this study, adult Sprague-Dawley rats were given 0.2 mg/kg/day of aldicarb, by oral gavage, for 90–114 days. The daily dose was below that capable of inducing clinical signs of cholinergic poisoning but inhibited acetylcholinesterase in spinal cord and blood. Aldicarb was evaluated for its ability to cause death or morphologic alteration of sensory neurons innervating C1 mystacial vibrissa follicles. Light and electron microscopy were used to examine the number of myelinated axons in C1 vibrissa follicle nerves and the respective areas of these axons and their myelin sheaths. Retrograde axonal transport was used with fluorescence microscopy to examine the number and diameter of the cell bodies of C1 vibrissa follicle nerve axons. No differences were observed between aldicarb-treated and control groups for any of these dependent variables. This study indicates that repeated exposure to aldicarb, at a dose below that causing sufficient acetylcholinesterase inhibition to elicit clinical signs, does not produce an anatomic correlate for somatosensory dysfunction in rats.

Ultrastructural Investigation of Spontaneous Pituitary Adenomas in Aging Sprague-Dawley Rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 216-217
Author(s):  
D. J. McComb ◽  
J. Beri ◽  
F. Zak ◽  
K. Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Microscopic Level ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Prolactin Cells ◽  
Light Microscopic Level ◽  
Ultrastructural Investigation ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Long Evans

Investigation of the spontaneous pituitary adenomas in rat have been limited mainly to light microscopic study. Furth et al. (1973) described them as chromophobic, secreting prolactin. Kovacs et al. (1977) in an ul trastructural investigation of adenomas of old female Long-Evans rats, found that they were composed of prolactin cells. Berkvens et al. (1980) using immunocytochemistry at the light microscopic level, demonstrated that some spontaneous tumors of old Wistar rats could contain GH, TSH or ACTH as well as PRL.

Early Development of Drug-Induced Hepatic Necrosis

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 576-577
Author(s):  
F. G. Zaki ◽  
E. Detzi ◽  
C. H. Keysser
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Dense Matrix ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Hepatocellular Damage ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Microscopic Studies

This study represents the first in a series of investigations carried out to elucidate the mechanism(s) of early hepatocellular damage induced by drugs and other related compounds. During screening tests of CNS-active compounds in rats, it has been found that daily oral administration of one of these compounds at a dose level of 40 mg. per kg. of body weight induced diffuse massive hepatic necrosis within 7 weeks in Charles River Sprague Dawley rats of both sexes. Partial hepatectomy enhanced the development of this peculiar type of necrosis (3 weeks instead of 7) while treatment with phenobarbital prior to the administration of the drug delayed the appearance of necrosis but did not reduce its severity.Electron microscopic studies revealed that early development of this liver injury (2 days after the administration of the drug) appeared in the form of small dark osmiophilic vesicles located around the bile canaliculi of all hepatocytes (Fig. 1). These structures differed from the regular microbodies or the pericanalicular multivesicular bodies. They first appeared regularly rounded with electron dense matrix bound with a single membrane. After one week on the drug, these vesicles appeared vacuolated and resembled autophagosomes which soon developed whorls of concentric lamellae or cisterns characteristic of lysosomes (Fig. 2). These lysosomes were found, later on, scattered all over the hepatocytes.

Ultrastructural investigation of spontaneous pituitary gonadotroph cell adenomas in aging Sprague-Dawley rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 702-703
Author(s):  
D. J. McComb ◽  
J. Beri ◽  
F. Zak ◽  
K. Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Immunoelectron Microscopy ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Gonadal Function ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Reticulin Fibers ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Gonadotroph cell adenomas of the pituitary are infrequent in human patients and are not invariably associated with altered gonadal function. To date, no animal model of this tumor type exists. Herein, we describe spontaneous gonadotroph cell adenomas in old male and female Sprague-Dawley rats by histology, immunocytology and electron microscopy.The material consisted of the pituitaries of 27 male and 38 female Sprague Dawley rats, all 26 months of age or older, removed at routine autopsy. Sections of formal in-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue were stained with hematoxylin-phloxine-saffron (HPS), the PAS method and the Gordon-Sweet technique for the demonstration of reticulin fibers. For immunostaining, sections were exposed to anti-rat β-LH, anti-ratβ-TSH, anti-rat PRL, anti-rat GH and anti-rat ACTH 1-39. For electron microscopy, tissue was fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde, postfixed in 1% OsO4 and embedded in epoxy-resin. Tissue fixed in 10% formalin, embedded in epoxy resin without osmification, was used for immunoelectron microscopy.

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