scholarly journals Avascular Necrosis of the Intermedioradial Carpal Bone in a 6-Month-Old Dog

VCOT Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. e53-e59
Author(s):  
Dan D. Kenny ◽  
Turlough O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Avascular Necrosis ◽  
Acute Injury ◽  
Vascular Pathology ◽  
Carpal Bone ◽  
Skeletally Immature ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Thoracic Limb ◽  
Focal Osteolysis

AbstractA 6-month-old neutered male dog presented for investigation of right thoracic limb lameness of 6-week duration following an acute injury. Radiography and computed tomography revealed focal osteolysis of the intermedioradial carpal bone. Histopathology of the bone revealed osteonecrosis, bone resorption, fibrous proliferation and new bone formation suggestive of avascular necrosis. Pancarpal arthrodesis was performed to stabilize the carpus and resulted in resolution of lameness and return to normal exercise. Avascular necrosis of carpal bones is rare and unreported in skeletally immature dogs. The imaging and histopathological changes in this dog's intermedioradial carpal bone bear strong similarity to Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease and the two presentations may have a similar traumatic vascular pathology.

A Computerized Coding System for Processing Basic Histopathological Changes – Application to Vascular Pathology

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (03) ◽  
pp. 139-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mauriello ◽  
Y. Sambuy ◽  
E. Bonanno ◽  
A. Orlandi ◽  
G. Palmieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Vascular Pathology ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Sufficient Space

SummaryAmong the numerous existing computer-based systems for processing pathological data, none contains sufficient space for encoding data on the basic cytological or histological changes of a certain organ or tissue, upon which the final diagnosis is based.An “analytical record” was constructed listing all the basic changes that can be encountered in the various pathological conditions of the vascular wall. The data collected on the “analytical record” were coded by means of an alphanumeric code and stored in an Apple II 48 K minicomputer.The advantages of this system include the computerization of the data by non-specialized personnel and the possibility to’ quantitatively analyze the histocytopathological parameters used for diagnosis in vascular pathology. This coding system may easily be adapted, with minor modifications, to the histopathological study of other organs and tissues.

Neuroimaging for the Clinician

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua P Klein
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Vascular Pathology ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Spinal Imaging

Modern neuroimaging has revolutionized the practice of neurology by allowing visualization and monitoring of evolving pathophysiologic processes. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can now resolve structural abnormalities on a near-cellular level. Advances in functional imaging can assess the in vivo metabolic, vascular, and functional states of neuronal and glial populations in real time. Given the high density of data obtained from neuroimaging studies, it is essential for the clinician to take an active role in understanding the nature and significance of imaging abnormalities. This chapter reviews computed tomography and MRI techniques (including angiography and advanced sequences), specialized protocols for investigating specific diagnoses, risks associated with imaging, disease-specific imaging findings with general strategies for interpretation, and incidental findings and artifacts. Figures include computed tomography, T1- and T2-weighted signal intensity, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, imaging in epilepsy and dementia, extra-axial versus intra-axial lesions, typical lesions of multiple sclerosis, spinal imaging, spinal pathology, vascular pathology, intracranial hemorrhage, and common imaging artifacts. Tables list Hounsfield units, patterns of enhancement from imaging, advanced techniques in imaging, magnetic resonance imaging sequences, and the evolution of cerebral infarction and intraparenchymal hemorrhage on magnetic resonance imaging. This review contains 12 figures, 6 tables, and 213 references.

Double resin casting micro computed tomography (CT) reveals biliary and vascular pathology in tandem in a mouse model for alagille syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. S43
Author(s):  
Simona Hankeova ◽  
Jakub Salplachta ◽  
Tomas Zikmund ◽  
Michaela Kavkova ◽  
Noémi K.M. Van Hul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Alagille Syndrome ◽  
Vascular Pathology ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography

scholarly journals Congenital Ulnar Carpal Bone Luxation in a Miniature Donkey Treated by Pancarpal Arthrodesis

VCOT Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. e33-e39
Author(s):  
Mickaël Patrice Robert ◽  
Yolandi Smit
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Carpal Bone ◽  
Lateral Part ◽  
Complete Fusion ◽  
Locking Compression Plates ◽  
Radiocarpal Joint ◽  
Complete Collapse

AbstractAn 18-month-old miniature donkey was presented for evaluation and treatment of a left carpal valgus present since birth. Clinical examination confirmed the severe and unstable carpal valgus. Radiographs and computed tomography revealed a caudally luxated ulnar carpal bone, malformation of the distal radial epiphysis, as well as a complete collapse of the lateral part of the radiocarpal joint. Outward rotation of the limb distal to the joint collapse was also visible. Surgical treatment was elected and a pancarpal arthrodesis performed using two short 3.5 mm locking compression plates. Ten months later, the donkey was pasture sound and radiographs showed complete fusion of the carpal joints.

scholarly journals Cone-beam computed tomography for primary investigation of wrist trauma provides a new map of fractures of carpal bones

2021 ◽  
pp. 175319342110017
Author(s):  
Mamoun Krayem ◽  
Claudia Weber Lensing ◽  
Lotta Fornander
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Carpal Bone ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Wrist Trauma ◽  
Carpal Bone Fractures ◽  
Primary Modality

In 2016, our primary modality for radiological examination of wrist trauma, was changed from radiography to cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). This is a retrospective survey of carpal bone fractures detected by CBCT during 6 months in 2016/2017, compared with those found on conventional radiographs during 6 months in 2013/2014. The incidence of carpal fractures was three times higher during the CBCT period (92/100,000 per year) compared with the radiography period (29/100,000 per year) and the spectrum of anatomical locations was different between the two periods, with fractures of the lunate ( n = 6), trapezium ( n = 9), trapezoid ( n = 4) and capitate ( n = 1) detected by CBCT, in contrast to no fractures of these bones diagnosed during the 6 months radiography period. We suggest a more liberal use of CBCT for examination of wrist trauma considering the benefits of being able to give patients a correct primary diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Level of evidence: III

COMPARISON BETWEEN SHOULDER COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS IN 89 DOGS PRESENTED FOR THORACIC LIMB LAMENESS

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Maddox ◽  
Chris May ◽  
Benjamin J. Keeley ◽  
J. Fraser McConnell
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Thoracic Limb

Computed tomography angiography: improving diagnostic yield and cost effectiveness in the initial evaluation of spontaneous nonsubarachnoid intracerebral hemorrhage

2012 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimon Bekelis ◽  
Atman Desai ◽  
Wenyan Zhao ◽  
Dan Gibson ◽  
Daniel Gologorsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Computed Tomography Angiography ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Vascular Pathology ◽  
Significance Level

Object Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is increasingly used as a screening tool in the investigation of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, CTA carries additional costs and risks, necessitating its judicious use. The authors hypothesized that subsets of patients with nontraumatic, nonsubarachnoid ICH are unlikely to benefit from CTA as part of the diagnostic workup and that particular patient risk factors may be used to increase the yield of CTA in the detection of vascular sources. Methods The authors performed a retrospective analysis of 1376 patients admitted to Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center with ICH over an 8-year period. Patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, hemorrhagic conversion of ischemic infarcts, trauma, and known prior malignancy were excluded from the analysis, resulting in 257 patients for final analysis. Records were reviewed for medical risk factors, hemorrhage location, and correlation of CTA findings with final diagnosis. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the combined effects of baseline variables of interest. Model selection was conducted using the stepwise method with p = 0.10 as the significance level for variable entry and p = 0.05 the significance level for variable retention. Results Computed tomography angiography studies detected vascular pathology in 34 patients (13.2%). Patient characteristics that were associated with a significantly higher likelihood of identifying a structural vascular lesion as the source of hemorrhage included patient age younger than 65 years (OR = 16.36, p = 0.0039), female sex (OR = 14.9, p = 0.0126), nonsmokers (OR = 103.8, p = 0.0008), patients with intraventricular hemorrhage (OR = 9.42, p = 0.0379), and patients without hypertension (OR = 515.78, p < 0.0001). Patients who were older than 65 years of age, with a history of hypertension, and hemorrhage located in the cerebellum or basal ganglia were never found to have an identified structural source of hemorrhage on CTA. Conclusions Patient characteristics and risk factors are important considerations when ordering diagnostic tests in the workup of nonsubarachnoid, nontraumatic spontaneous ICH. Although CTA is an accurate diagnostic examination, it can usually be omitted in the workup of patients with the described characteristics. The use of this algorithm has the potential to increase the yield, and thus the safety and cost effectiveness, of this diagnostic tool.

scholarly journals Multimodal Computed Tomography in Acute Ischaemic Stroke

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Sachin Rastogi ◽  
David S Liebeskind ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Ct Perfusion ◽  
Vascular Occlusion ◽  
Vascular Pathology ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Infarct Core ◽  
Head Ct ◽  
Ct Angiogram

Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the US, affecting 795,000 individuals annually. Currently, only a small percentage of acute stroke patients receive thrombolytic treatment. A significant limitation is the current use of strict time criteria in the decision to treat. As there are significant inter-individual variations in response to an acute vascular occlusion, the goal of modern imaging such as multimodal computed tomography (CT) is to rapidly identify acute ischaemic stroke patients and determine which patients are likely to benefit from treatment based on tissue perfusion status rather than time of presentation alone. Multimodal CT consists of a non-contrast head CT, CT angiogram (CTA) of the head and neck, and CT perfusion (CTP). The non-contrast head CT allows rapid triage of a patient with haemorrhagic versus ischaemic stroke. The CTA allows identification of the site of vascular pathology with similar quality to digital subtraction angiography. The CTP scan allows for determination of the infarct core and surrounding ischaemic penumbra, which remains at risk for infarction if perfusion is not restored. This allows the potential to prospectively treat only those patients likely to benefit from thrombolysis while protecting those patients unlikely to benefit from the risks associated with treatment.

scholarly journals EXPRESS: Vascular Remodeling of the Small Pulmonary Arteries and Measures of Vascular Pruning on Computed Tomography

2021 ◽  
pp. 204589402110612
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Synn ◽  
Constance De Margerie-Mellon ◽  
Sun Young Jeong ◽  
Farbod Rahaghi ◽  
Iny Jhun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Vascular Pathology ◽  
Arterial Remodeling

Pulmonary hypertension is characterized histologically by intimal and medial thickening in the small pulmonary arteries, eventually resulting in vascular “pruning”. Computed tomography (CT)-based quantification of pruning is associated with clinical measures of pulmonary hypertension, but it is not established whether CT-based pruning correlates with histologic arterial remodeling. Our sample consisted of 138 patients who underwent resection for early-stage lung adenocarcinoma. From histologic sections, we identified small pulmonary arteries and measured the relative area comprising the intima and media (VWA%), with higher VWA% representing greater histologic remodeling. From pre-operative CTs, we used image analysis algorithms to calculate the small vessel volume fraction (BV5/TBV) as a CT-based indicator of pruning (lower BV5/TBV represents greater pruning). We investigated relationships of CT pruning and histologic remodeling using Pearson correlation, simple linear regression, and multivariable regression with adjustment for age, sex, height, weight, smoking status, and total pack-years. We also tested for effect modification by sex and smoking status. In primary models, more severe CT pruning was associated with greater histologic remodeling. The Pearson correlation coefficient between BV5/TBV and VWA% was —0.41, and in linear regression models, VWA% was 3.13% higher (95% CI: 1.95—4.31%, p<0.0001) per standard deviation lower BV5/TBV. This association persisted after multivariable adjustment. We found no evidence that these relationships differed by sex or smoking status. Among individuals who underwent resection for lung adenocarcinoma, more severe CT-based vascular pruning was associated with greater histologic arterial remodeling. These findings suggest CT imaging may be a non-invasive indicator of pulmonary vascular pathology.

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