scholarly journals Racial/Ethnic Differences in Cognitive Symptoms During the Menopausal Transition

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Ok Im ◽  
Yun Hu ◽  
Ching-Yu Cheng ◽  
Young Ko ◽  
Eunice Chee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Midlife Women ◽  
Cognitive Symptoms ◽  
Symptom Index ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Racial Ethnic

The purpose of this study was to explore racial/ethnic differences in midlife women’s cognitive symptoms among four major racial/ethnic groups in the United States and to determine multiple factors that influenced the women’s cognitive symptoms. This was a secondary analysis of the data from two larger studies among 1,054 midlife women. The instruments included multiple questions on background characteristics and health and menopausal status, and the Cognitive Symptom Index for Midlife Women. The data were analyzed using multiple logistic and Poisson regression analyses. There existed significant racial/ethnic differences in the total numbers and total severity scores of cognitive symptoms ( p < .01); non-Hispanic Asians had significantly lower total numbers and total severity scores compared with other racial/ethnic groups. Socioeconomic status and health and menopausal status were significant factors that influenced cognitive symptoms across racial/ethnic groups ( p < .05). Further studies on racial/ethnic differences in cognitive symptoms are needed with diverse groups of midlife women.

scholarly journals Immigration Transition and Cognitive Symptoms During Menopausal Transition

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-277
Author(s):  
Eun-Ok Im ◽  
Young Ko ◽  
Yaelim Lee ◽  
Eunice Chee ◽  
Wonshik Chee
Keyword(s):  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Midlife Women ◽  
Cognitive Symptoms ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Symptom Index ◽  
Internet Surveys ◽  
Severity Scores

Many studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of cultural influences on menopausal symptoms; however, associations between immigration transition and cognitive symptoms have rarely been uncovered. This secondary analysis aimed to determine these associations among 1,054 midlife women in the United States using the data from two national Internet surveys. The surveys included multiple questions on immigration transition, health and menopausal status, and the Cognitive Symptom Index for Midlife Women. The data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics including hierarchical multiple regression analyses. Nonimmigrants had larger numbers and higher severity scores of total cognitive symptoms than immigrants ( p < .001). Immigration status explained 1.28% of the total variances in the total numbers and 1.46% of the total variances in the total severity scores of total cognitive symptoms ( p < .001). The study supported significant associations between immigration transition and cognitive symptoms of women at midlife.

scholarly journals Trends in Cigar Use in the United States, 2002–2016: Diverging Trends by Race/Ethnicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea H Weinberger ◽  
Cristine D Delnevo ◽  
Jiaqi Zhu ◽  
Misato Gbedemah ◽  
Joun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Mixed Race ◽  
The United States ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Introduction Although there are racial/ethnic differences in cigarette use, little is known about how non-cigarette tobacco use differs among racial/ethnic groups. This study investigated trends in cigar use from 2002 to 2016, by racial/ethnic group, in nationally representative US data. Methods Data were drawn from the 2002–2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health public use data files (total analytic sample n = 630 547 including 54 060 past-month cigar users). Linear time trends of past-month cigar use were examined by racial/ethnic group (Non-Hispanic [NH] White, NH Black, Hispanic, NH Other/Mixed Race/Ethnicity) using logistic regression models. Results In 2016, the prevalence of past-month cigar use was significantly higher among NH Black respondents than among other racial/ethnic groups (ps &lt; .001). Cigar use was also higher among NH White respondents than among Hispanic and NH Other/Mixed Race/Ethnicity respondents. The year by racial/ethnic group interaction was significant (p &lt; .001). Past-month cigar use decreased significantly from 2002 to 2016 among NH White and Hispanic respondents (ps = .001), whereas no change in prevalence was observed among NH Black (p = .779) and NH Other/Mixed Race/Ethnicity respondents (p = .152). Cigar use decreased for NH White men (p &lt; .001) and did not change for NH White women (p = .884). Conversely, cigar use increased for NH Black women (p &lt; .001) and did not change for NH Black men (p = .546). Conclusions Cigar use remains significantly more common among NH Black individuals in the United States and is not declining among NH Black and NH Other/Mixed Race/Ethnicity individuals over time, in contrast to declines among NH White and Hispanic individuals. Implications This study identified racial/ethnic differences in trends in past-month cigar use over 15 years among annual cross-sectional samples of US individuals. The highest prevalence of cigar use in 2016 was found among NH Black individuals. In addition, cigar use prevalence did not decline from 2002 to 2016 among NH Black and NH Other/Mixed Race/Ethnicity groups over time, in contrast to NH White and Hispanic groups. Further, cigar use increased over time for NH Black women. Targeted public health and clinical efforts may be needed to decrease the prevalence of cigar use, especially for NH Black individuals.

scholarly journals Racial/ethnic variation in trauma-related psychopathology in the United States: a population-based study

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (13) ◽  
pp. 2215-2226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie A. McLaughlin ◽  
Kiara Alvarez ◽  
Mirko Fillbrunn ◽  
Jennifer Greif Green ◽  
James S. Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Organized Violence ◽  
Racial Ethnic

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of mental disorders among Black, Latino, and Asian adults is lower than among Whites. Factors that explain these differences are largely unknown. We examined whether racial/ethnic differences in exposure to traumatic events (TEs) or vulnerability to trauma-related psychopathology explained the lower rates of psychopathology among racial/ethnic minorities.MethodsWe estimated the prevalence of TE exposure and associations with onset of DSM-IV depression, anxiety and substance disorders and with lifetime post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys, a national sample (N = 13 775) with substantial proportions of Black (35.9%), Latino (18.9%), and Asian Americans (14.9%).ResultsTE exposure varied across racial/ethnic groups. Asians were most likely to experience organized violence – particularly being a refugee – but had the lowest exposure to all other TEs. Blacks had the greatest exposure to participation in organized violence, sexual violence, and other TEs, Latinos had the highest exposure to physical violence, and Whites were most likely to experience accidents/injuries. Racial/ethnic minorities had lower odds ratios of depression, anxiety, and substance disorder onset relative to Whites. Neither variation in TE exposure nor vulnerability to psychopathology following TEs across racial/ethnic groups explained these differences. Vulnerability to PTSD did vary across groups, however, such that Asians were less likely and Blacks more likely to develop PTSD following TEs than Whites.ConclusionsLower prevalence of mental disorders among racial/ethnic minorities does not appear to reflect reduced vulnerability to TEs, with the exception of PTSD among Asians. This highlights the importance of investigating other potential mechanisms underlying racial/ethnic differences in psychopathology.

scholarly journals IMPROVING HYPERTENSION CONTROL IN THE UNITED STATES: UNDERSTANDING RACIAL/ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN THE BLOOD PRESSURE CASCADE

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (18) ◽  
pp. 1475
Author(s):  
Rahul Aggarwal ◽  
Nicholas Chiu ◽  
Rishi Wadhera ◽  
Andrew Moran ◽  
Changyu Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hypertension Control ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Is there a menopausal syndrome? Menopausal status and symptoms across racial/ethnic groups

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy E. Avis ◽  
Rebecca Stellato ◽  
Sybil Crawford ◽  
Joyce Bromberger ◽  
Patricia Ganz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Menopausal Syndrome ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Applying the Health Belief Model to Characterize Racial/Ethnic Differences in Digital Conversations Related to Depression Pre– and Mid–COVID-19 (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruby Castilla-Puentes ◽  
Jacqueline Pesa ◽  
Caroline Brethenoux ◽  
Patrick Furey ◽  
Liliana Gil Valletta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Belief Model ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Seeking Help ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Belief Model ◽  
Racial Ethnic

BACKGROUND The prevalence of depression symptoms in the United States is >3 times higher mid–COVID-19 versus pre-pandemic. Racial/ethnic differences in mindsets around depression and the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic are not well characterized. OBJECTIVE To describe attitudes, mindsets, key drivers, and barriers related to depression pre– and mid–COVID-19 by race/ethnicity using digital conversations about depression mapped to health belief model (HBM) concepts. METHODS Advanced search, data extraction, and AI-powered tools were used to harvest, mine, and structure open-source digital conversations of US adults who engaged in conversations about depression pre– (February 1, 2019-February 29, 2020) and mid–COVID-19 pandemic (March 1, 2020-November 1, 2020) across the internet. Natural language processing, text analytics, and social data mining were used to categorize conversations that included a self-identifier into racial/ethnic groups. Conversations were mapped to HBM concepts (ie, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy). Results are descriptive in nature. RESULTS Of 2.9 and 1.3 million relevant digital conversations pre– and mid–COVID-19, race/ethnicity was determined among 1.8 million (62%) and 979,000 (75%) conversations pre– and mid–COVID-19, respectively. Pre–COVID-19, 1.3 million conversations about depression occurred among non-Hispanic Whites (NHW), 227,200 among Black Americans (BA), 189,200 among Hispanics, and 86,800 among Asian Americans (AS). Mid–COVID-19, 736,100 conversations about depression occurred among NHW, 131,800 among BA, 78,300 among Hispanics, and 32,800 among AS. Conversations among all racial/ethnic groups had a negative tone, which increased pre– to mid–COVID-19; finding support from others was seen as a benefit among most groups. Hispanics had the highest rate of any racial/ethnic group of conversations showing an avoidant mindset toward their depression. Conversations related to external barriers to seeking treatment (eg, stigma, lack of support, and lack of resources) were generally more prevalent among Hispanics, BA, and AS than among NHW. Being able to benefit others and building a support system were key drivers to seeking help or treatment for all racial/ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS Applying concepts of the HBM to data on digital conversation about depression allowed organization of the most frequent themes by race/ethnicity. Individuals of all groups came online to discuss their depression. There were considerable racial/ethnic differences in drivers and barriers to seeking help and treatment for depression pre– and mid–COVID-19. Generally, COVID-19 has made conversations about depression more negative, and with frequent discussions of barriers to seeking care. These data highlight opportunities for culturally competent and targeted approaches to address areas amenable to change that might impact the ability of people to ask for or receive mental health help, such as the constructs that comprise the HBM.

scholarly journals Racial/ethnic differences in inpatient mortality and use of institutional postacute care following subarachnoid hemorrhage

2013 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 1627-1632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blessing N. R. Jaja ◽  
Gustavo Saposnik ◽  
Rosane Nisenbaum ◽  
Benjamin W. Y. Lo ◽  
Tom A. Schweizer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Institutional Care ◽  
Inpatient Mortality ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
The Us ◽  
Hispanic Patients ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
White Patients

Object The goal of this study was to determine racial/ethnic differences in inpatient mortality rates and the use of institutional postacute care following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in the US. Methods A cross-sectional study of hospital discharges for SAH was conducted using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample for the years 2005–2010. Discharges with a principal diagnosis of SAH were identified and abstracted using the appropriate ICD-9-CM diagnostic code. Racial/ethnic groups were defined as white, black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander (API), and American Indian. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed comparing racial/ethnic groups with respect to the primary outcome of risk of in-hospital mortality and the secondary outcome of likelihood of discharge to institutional care. Results During the study period, 31,631 discharges were related to SAH. Race/ethnicity was a significant predictor of death (p = 0.003) and discharge to institutional care (p ≤ 0.001). In the adjusted analysis, compared with white patients, API patients were at higher risk of death (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.13–1.59) and Hispanic patients were at lower risk of death (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.72–0.97). The likelihood of discharge to institutional care was statistically similar between white, Hispanic, API, and Native American patients. Black patients were more likely to be discharged to institutional care compared with white patients (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.14–1.40), but were similar to white patients in the risk of death. Conclusions Significant racial/ethnic differences are present in the risk of inpatient mortality and discharge to institutional care among patients with SAH in the US. Outcome is likely to be poor among API patients and best among Hispanic patients compared with other groups.

scholarly journals Imagining Her Future: Diversity in Mothers’ Socialization Goals for Their Adolescent Daughters

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Ramirez ◽  
Linda Oshin ◽  
Stephanie Milan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African American ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Low Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Traits ◽  
Socialization Goals ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Q Sort

According to developmental niche theory, members of different cultural and ethnic groups often have distinct ideas about what children need to become well-adapted adults. These beliefs are reflected in parents’ long-term socialization goals for their children. In this study, we test whether specific themes that have been deemed important in literature on diverse families in the United States (e.g., Strong Black Woman [SBW], marianismo, familismo) are evident in mothers’ long-term socialization goals. Participants included 192 mothers of teenage daughters from a low-income city in the United States (58% Latina, 22% African American, and 20% European American [EA]/White). Socialization goals were assessed through a q-sort task on important traits for a woman to possess and content analysis of open-ended responses about what values mothers hoped they would transmit to their daughters as they become adults. Results from ANCOVAs and logistic regression indicate significant racial/ethnic differences on both tasks consistent with hypotheses. On the q-sort task, African American mothers put more importance on women possessing traits such as independence than mothers from other racial/ethnic groups. Similarly, they were more likely to emphasize self-confidence and strength in what they hoped to transmit to their daughters. Contrary to expectation, Latina mothers did not emphasize social traits on the q-sort; however, in open-ended responses, they were more likely to focus on the importance of motherhood, one aspect of marianismo and familismo. Overall, results suggest that these mothers’ long-term socialization goals incorporate culturally relevant values considered important for African American and Latino families.

scholarly journals Differences in Subjective Memory Impairment, Depressive Symptoms, Sleep, and Physical Activity in African American and Asian American Elderly

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1155
Author(s):  
Minsun Lee ◽  
Jin-Hyeok Nam ◽  
Elizabeth Yi ◽  
Aisha Bhimla ◽  
Julie Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Subjective Memory Impairment ◽  
Negative Health Outcomes ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Background: Subjective memory impairment (SMI) is associated with negative health outcomes including mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. However, ethnic differences in SMI and disparities in risk factors associated with SMI among minority populations are understudied. The study examined the ethnic differences in SMI, whether SMI was associated with depressive symptoms, sleep, and physical activity (PA), and whether the associations vary across racial/ethnic groups. Methods: Participants included 243 African and Asian Americans (including Chinese, Vietnamese, and Korean Americans) aged 50 or older. Demographic information, SMI, depressive symptoms, daily sleeping hours, and PA levels were assessed. Results: Vietnamese Americans reported the highest SMI score. Depressive symptoms, sleeping hours, and PA levels were significantly associated with SMI. Depressive symptoms were the only significant factor across all ethnic groups. Significant interaction effects were found between ethnicity and health behaviors in predicting SMI. In particular, Vietnamese American participants with greater depressive symptoms and physical inactivity were significantly more likely to experience SMI compared to other ethnic groups Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate ethnic differences in SMI and its association with depressive symptoms, sleep, and PA, which highlight the importance of considering the unique cultural and historical backgrounds across different racial/ethnic groups when examining cognitive functioning in elderly.

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