Physical Predictors of Cognitive Function in Individuals With Hypertension: Evidence from the CHARLS Basline Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 592-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manhua Zuo ◽  
Changping Gan ◽  
Tingting Liu ◽  
Jun Tang ◽  
Jianping Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Physical Performance Measure ◽  
Nationally Representative

The purpose of the study was to examine the independent associations of each individual physical performance measure (i.e., grip strength, walking speed, repeated chair stands, and balance test) with subdomains of cognitive function and to determine predictors for each subdomain of cognitive function. A secondary data analysis was performed using a nationally representative middle-aged and older sample of hypertensive population. The findings showed that after adding all four physical performance measures, stronger grip strength was significantly associated with better visuospatial abilities, episodic memory, orientation/attention, and overall cognitive function. In addition, faster walking speed and faster repeated chair stands were strongly associated with better episodic memory and overall cognitive function, respectively. Because grip strength was significantly associated with several subdomains of cognitive functioning, it seems conceivable that increasing physical activity would improve both grip strength and cognitive function in patients with hypertension.

scholarly journals Physical Activity Trajectories and Associated Changes in Physical Performance in Older Men: The MrOS Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 1967-1973
Author(s):  
Deepika R Laddu ◽  
Neeta Parimi ◽  
Katie L Stone ◽  
Jodi Lapidus ◽  
Andrew R Hoffman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
High Activity ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Activity Group ◽  
Low Activity

Abstract Background Physical activity (PA) is important to maintaining functional independence. It is not clear how patterns of change in late-life PA are associated with contemporaneous changes in physical performance measures. Methods Self-reported PA, gait speed, grip strength, timed chair stand, and leg power were assessed in 3,865 men aged ≥ 65 years at baseline (2000–2002) and Year 7 (2007–2009). Group-based trajectory modeling, using up to four PA measures over this period, identified PA trajectories. Multivariate linear regression models (adjusted least square mean [95% confidence interval {CI}]) described associations between-PA trajectories and concurrent changes in performance. Results Three discrete PA patterns were identified, all with declining PA. Linear declines in each performance measure (baseline to Year 7) were observed across all three PA groups, but there was some variability in the rate of decline. Multivariate models assessing the graded response by PA trajectory showed a trend where the high-activity group had the smallest declines in performance while the low-activity group had the largest (p-for trend < .03). Changes in the high-activity group were the following: gait speed (−0.10 m/s [−0.12, −0.08]), grip strength (−3.79 kg [−4.35, −3.23]), and chair stands (−0.38 [−0.50, −0.25]), whereas changes in the low-activity group were the following: gait speed (−0.16 [−0.17, −0.14]), grip strength (−4.83 kg [−5.10, −4.55]), and chair stands (−0.53 [−0.59, −0.46]). Between-group differences in leg power trajectories across PA patterns were not significant. Conclusions Declines in functional performance were higher among those with lower PA trajectories, providing further evidence for the interrelationship between changes in PA and performance during old age.

scholarly journals Oral Functions Are Associated with Muscle Strength and Physical Performance in Old-Old Japanese

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13199
Author(s):  
Yuki Murotani ◽  
Kodai Hatta ◽  
Toshihito Takahashi ◽  
Yasuyuki Gondo ◽  
Kei Kamide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Tongue Pressure ◽  
Masticatory Performance ◽  
Physical Frailty ◽  
Swallowing Function ◽  
Occlusal Force

Grip strength and walking speed are considered to be important indicators of physical frailty. However, no study has contemporaneously examined any association of multiple oral functions with grip strength and walking speed. The purpose of this study was to examine which oral functions are associated with muscle strength (grip strength), physical performance (walking speed) or both. The study participants were 511 community-dwelling people (254 men and 257 women) aged 77–81 years old. Six oral functions—oral wetness, occlusal force, tongue-lip motor function, tongue pressure, masticatory performance and swallowing function—were measured. Grip strength and walking speed were also measured. A partial correlation analysis, adjusted for gender, showed that occlusal force, tongue-lip motor function, masticatory performance and swallowing function were significantly associated with both grip strength and walking speed. In addition, tongue pressure was significantly associated with grip strength. A general linear model showed that tongue pressure and occlusal force were significantly associated with grip strength. Swallowing function and tongue-lip motor function were significantly associated with walking speed. It is suggested that there are different oral function measures for muscle strength and physical performance, and these oral function measures could be a useful proxy for physical frailty.

scholarly journals The association between injurious falls and older adults’ cognitive function: the role of depressive mood and physical performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Trevisan ◽  
Enrico Ripamonti ◽  
Giulia Grande ◽  
Federico Triolo ◽  
Stina Ek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Depressive Mood ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Injurious Falls

Abstract Background The impact of falls on cognitive function is unclear. We explored whether injurious falls are associated with cognitive decline in older adults, and evaluated the role of changes in psychological and physical health as mediators of such association. Methods This prospective study involved 2,267 community-dwelling participants in the Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (≥60 years). Data on injurious falls (i.e., falls requiring medical attention) during each 3-year time interval of follow-up were obtained from national registers. Assessment of cognitive function (Mini-Mental State Examination[MMSE]), depressive mood (Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale), and physical performance (walking speed) were carried out every 3 or 6 years over a 12-year follow-up. The association between falls and cognition was estimated through linear mixed effects models, and the mediating role of changes in depressive mood and physical performance was tested using mediation analysis. Results After adjusting for potential confounders, individuals who experienced injurious falls had a greater annual decline in MMSE in the subsequent time interval (β=-1.49, 95%CI:-1.84;-1.13), than those who did not. The association increased with the occurrence of ≥2 falls (β=-2.13, 95%CI:-2.70;-1.56). Worsening of walking speed and depressive mood explained around 26% and 8%, respectively, of the association between falls and cognitive decline. Conclusions Injurious falls are associated with greater cognitive decline, and this association is partly mediated by worsening of physical performance and, in a lesser extent, of depressive mood. These findings suggest that physical deficits and low mood are potential therapeutic targets for mitigating the association between falls and cognitive decline.

scholarly journals Is it possible to overcome the ‘long arm’ of childhood socioeconomic disadvantage through upward socioeconomic mobility?

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 566-574
Author(s):  
Anusha M Vable ◽  
Paola Gilsanz ◽  
Ichiro Kawachi
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Socioeconomic Disadvantage ◽  
Healthy Ageing ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Socioeconomic Mobility ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Childhood Disadvantage

Abstract Objectives Socioeconomically disadvantaged children have worse adult health; we test if this ‘long arm’ of childhood disadvantage can be overcome through upward socioeconomic mobility in adulthood. Methods Four SES trajectories (stable low, upwardly mobile, downwardly mobile and stable high) were created from median dichotomized childhood socioeconomic status (SES; childhood human and financial capital) and adult SES (wealth at age 67) from Health and Retirement Study respondents (N = 6669). Healthy ageing markers, in tertiles, were walking speed, peak expiratory flow (PEF), and grip strength measured in 2008 and 2010. Multinomial logistic regression models, weighted to be nationally representative, controlled for age, gender, race, birthplace, outcome year and childhood health and social capital. Results Upwardly mobile individuals were as likely as the stable high SES group to be in the best health tertile for walking speed (OR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.63, 1.05; P = 0.114), PEF (OR = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.78, 1.21; P = 0.810) and grip strength (OR = 0.97; 95%CI: 0.74, 1.27; P = 0.980). Discussion Findings suggest the ‘long arm’ of childhood socioeconomic disadvantage can be overcome for these markers of healthy ageing through upward socioeconomic mobility.

A physical performance measure for individuals with mucopolysaccharidosis type I

2006 ◽  
Vol 48 (07) ◽  
pp. 576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M Haley ◽  
Maria A Fragala Pinkham ◽  
Helene M Dumas ◽  
Pengsheng Ni ◽  
Alison M Skrinar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mucopolysaccharidosis Type ◽  
Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I ◽  
Physical Performance Measure

scholarly journals Comparison of Two Electronic Physical Performance Batteries by Measurement Time and Sarcopenia Classification

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5147
Author(s):  
Chan Mi Park ◽  
Hee-Won Jung ◽  
Il-Young Jang ◽  
Ji Yeon Baek ◽  
Seongjun Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Short Physical Performance Battery ◽  
Standing Balance ◽  
Measurement Time ◽  
Test Time ◽  
Lower Extremity Function ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Balance Tests ◽  
Chair Rise

Background: The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) is a widely accepted test for measuring lower extremity function in older adults. However, there are concerns regarding the examination time required to conduct a complete SPPB consisting of three components (walking speed, chair rise, and standing balance tests) in clinical settings. We aimed to assess specific examination times for each component of the electronic Short Physical Performance Battery (eSPPB) and compare the ability of the original three-component examinations (eSPPB) and a faster, two-component examination without a balance test (electronic Quick Physical Performance Battery, eQPPB) to classify sarcopenia. Methods: The study was a retrospective, cross-sectional study which included 124 ambulatory outpatients who underwent physical performance examination at a geriatric clinic of a tertiary, academic hospital in Seoul, Korea, between December 2020 and March 2021. For eSPPB, we used a toolkit containing sensors and software (Dyphi, Daejeon, Korea) developed to measure standing balance, walking speed, and chair rise test results. Component-specific time stamps were used to log the raw data. Duration of balance examination, 5 times sit-to-stand test (5XSST), and walking speed examination were calculated. Sarcopenia was determined using the 2019 Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) guideline. Results: The median age was 78 years (interquartile range, IQR: 73,82) and 77 subjects (62.1%) were female. The total mean eSPPB test time was 124.8 ± 29.0 s (balance test time 61.8 ± 12.3 s, 49.5%; gait speed test time 34.3 ± 11.9 s, 27.5%; and 5XSST time 28.7 ± 19.1 s, 23.0%). The total mean eQPPB test time was 63.0 ± 25.4 s. Based on the AWGS criteria, 34 (27.4%) patient’s results were consistent with sarcopenia. C-statistics for classifying sarcopenia were 0.83 for eSPPB and 0.85 for eQPPB (p = 0.264), while eQPPB took 49.5% less measurement time compared with eSPPB. Conclusion: Breakdowns of eSPPB test times were identified. Omitting balance tests may reduce test time without significantly affecting the classifying ability of eSPPB for sarcopenia.

scholarly journals Quadriceps Strength and Kinesiophobia Predict Long-Term Function After ACL Reconstruction: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 194173812094632
Author(s):  
Joshua J. Van Wyngaarden ◽  
Cale Jacobs ◽  
Katherine Thompson ◽  
Molly Eads ◽  
Darren Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Patient Reported Outcomes ◽  
Quadriceps Strength ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Performance Measure ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Step Down

Background: Many patients live with long-term deficits in knee function after an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). However, research is inconclusive as to which physical performance measure is most strongly related to long-term patient-reported outcomes after ACLR. Hypothesis: Quadriceps strength would be most strongly associated with patient-reported long-term outcomes after ACLR. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: A total of 40 patients (29 female) consented and participated an average of 10.9 years post-ACLR (range, 5-20 years). Patients completed the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Scale, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Quality of Life (KOOS QoL) and Sport (KOOS Sport) subscales, and the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-17). Each patient subsequently performed maximal isometric quadriceps contraction, a 60-second single-leg step-down test, and the single-leg single hop and triple hop for distance tests. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models determined how performance testing was associated with each patient-reported outcome when controlling for time since surgery, age, and TSK-17. Results: When controlling for time since surgery, age at the time of consent, and TSK-17 score, maximal isometric quadriceps strength normalized to body weight was the sole physical performance measure associated with IKDC ( P < 0.001), KOOS Sport ( P = 0.006), KOOS QoL ( P = 0.001), and LEFS scores ( P < 0.001). Single-leg step-down, single hop, and triple hop did not enter any of the linear regression models ( P > 0.20). Additionally, TSK-17 was associated with all patient-reported outcomes ( P ≤ 0.01) while time since surgery was not associated with any outcomes ( P > 0.05). Conclusion: Isometric quadriceps strength and kinesiophobia are significantly associated with long-term patient-reported outcomes after ACLR. Clinical Relevance: These results suggest that training to improve quadriceps strength and addressing kinesiophobia in the late stages of recovery from ACLR may improve long-term self-reported function.

scholarly journals 46 The Relationship between Cognitive Function and Physical Performance among Older Adults Attending a Falls and Syncope Service in Kuala Lumpur

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. iv9-iv12
Author(s):  
Sun Zek Jong ◽  
Norizzati Saedon ◽  
Sarah Kiyu ◽  
Pey June Tan ◽  
Maw Pin Tan
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Functional Reach ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Introduction Recent studies identified a relationship between gait difficulties and risk of developing dementia, a condition now termed motoric cognitive risk. We interrogated a clinical dataset to determine the relationship between cognitive assessment scores and physical performance scores to identify the strength of association between these two types of measures. Methods Consecutive patients referred to the falls and syncope service and the University of Malaya Medical Centre were recruited. The cognitive function of consenting individuals was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Visual Cognitive Assessment Tool (VCAT). Physical performance was assessed using hand grip strength (HGS), timed-up-and-go (TUG) and functional reach (FR). Results One hundred and forty-seven individuals, mean age (standard deviation,SD)=76.1 (7.8) years, 85 (58%) women were included. The mean (SD) for right and left HGS, FR and TUG scores for the overall population were 19.1 (7.0)kg, 19.0 (12.1)kg, 28.9 (39.7)cm, TUG 19.2 (11.0)s respectively. The mean MoCA and VCAT scores were 21.1 (7.1) and 20.3 (6.3) respectively. Right HGS correlated moderately with MoCA (r=0.367) and VCAT scores (r=0.397). Left HGS had a weak to moderate correlation with MoCA (r=0.281) and VCAT (0.271). FR, however, was not correlated with either MoCA (r=0.073) and VCAT (0.020). TUG scores were moderately negatively correlated with MoCA (-0.3206) but weakly correlated with VCAT (-0.175) Conclusion Our evaluation of the relationship between cognitive scores and physical performance in a falls and syncope clinic setting found that a relationship exists between muscle strength measured with grip strength and composite assessment of gait and balance using the TUG. Dynamic balance measured with functional reach, however, was not associated with cognitive function. Future studies will need to identify the possible mechanisms linking cognitive function with strength and gait in order to establish cognitive function as a modifiable risk factor for falls in older adults.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document