scholarly journals 46 The Relationship between Cognitive Function and Physical Performance among Older Adults Attending a Falls and Syncope Service in Kuala Lumpur

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. iv9-iv12
Author(s):  
Sun Zek Jong ◽  
Norizzati Saedon ◽  
Sarah Kiyu ◽  
Pey June Tan ◽  
Maw Pin Tan
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Functional Reach ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Introduction Recent studies identified a relationship between gait difficulties and risk of developing dementia, a condition now termed motoric cognitive risk. We interrogated a clinical dataset to determine the relationship between cognitive assessment scores and physical performance scores to identify the strength of association between these two types of measures. Methods Consecutive patients referred to the falls and syncope service and the University of Malaya Medical Centre were recruited. The cognitive function of consenting individuals was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Visual Cognitive Assessment Tool (VCAT). Physical performance was assessed using hand grip strength (HGS), timed-up-and-go (TUG) and functional reach (FR). Results One hundred and forty-seven individuals, mean age (standard deviation,SD)=76.1 (7.8) years, 85 (58%) women were included. The mean (SD) for right and left HGS, FR and TUG scores for the overall population were 19.1 (7.0)kg, 19.0 (12.1)kg, 28.9 (39.7)cm, TUG 19.2 (11.0)s respectively. The mean MoCA and VCAT scores were 21.1 (7.1) and 20.3 (6.3) respectively. Right HGS correlated moderately with MoCA (r=0.367) and VCAT scores (r=0.397). Left HGS had a weak to moderate correlation with MoCA (r=0.281) and VCAT (0.271). FR, however, was not correlated with either MoCA (r=0.073) and VCAT (0.020). TUG scores were moderately negatively correlated with MoCA (-0.3206) but weakly correlated with VCAT (-0.175) Conclusion Our evaluation of the relationship between cognitive scores and physical performance in a falls and syncope clinic setting found that a relationship exists between muscle strength measured with grip strength and composite assessment of gait and balance using the TUG. Dynamic balance measured with functional reach, however, was not associated with cognitive function. Future studies will need to identify the possible mechanisms linking cognitive function with strength and gait in order to establish cognitive function as a modifiable risk factor for falls in older adults.

The Relationship between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scores in Older Adults

Gerontology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 440-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen W. Farrell ◽  
Aidin R. Abramowitz ◽  
Benjamin L. Willis ◽  
Carolyn E. Barlow ◽  
Myron Weiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Montreal Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Categorical Variable ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Relatively little is known regarding the association between objective measures of physical function such as cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and cognitive function tests in healthy older adults. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between CRF and cognitive function in adults aged 55 and older. Methods: Between 2008 and 2017, 4,931 men and women underwent a comprehensive preventive physical exam at the Cooper Clinic in Dallas, Texas. CRF was determined by duration of a maximal treadmill exercise test. Cognitive function was evaluated with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). In a multivariate model, adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for MoCA scores < 26 (i.e., cognitive impairment) were determined by using CRF as both a continuous and a categorical variable. Results: The mean age of the sample was 61.0 ± 6.0 years; mean maximal MET values were 10.0 ± 2.2. Mean MoCA scores were 26.9 ± 2.2; 23.4% of the sample had MoCA scores indicative of cognitive impairment. The odds ratio for cognitive impairment was 0.93 (0.88–0.97) per 1-MET increment in CRF. When examined as a categorical variable, and using the lowest CRF quintile as the referent, there was a significantly reduced likelihood for cognitive impairment across the remaining ordered CRF categories (p trend = 0.004). Conclusion: The association between CRF and MoCA score in older adults suggests that meeting or exceeding public health guidelines for physical activity is likely to increase CRF in low fit individuals, maintain CRF in those with a moderate to high level of CRF, and thereby help to maintain cognitive function in healthy older adults.

scholarly journals Correlation between Cognitive Function and Physical Performance in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Risviandari ◽  
Rensa Rensa
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Background: One of the health problems often found among older adults in Indonesia is cognitive impairment, resulting in difficulties daily life and a significant decrease in functional status. This study aimed to determine the correlation between cognitive function and physical performance in community-dwelling older adults.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from October–November 2019. Samples were collected from North Jakarta through consecutive sampling (n=38). Cognitive function was measured using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the physical performance was measured using the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) method. The statistical test applied in this study was Spearman’s rank correlation (p<0.05). Results: The majority of the subjects in this study were mostly female young older adults with the most received ≥12 years of education. The results for both MMSE and TUG were normal. There was a negative correlation between MMSE and TUG scores (r= -0.357, p=0.028).Conclusions: There is a weak but significant correlation between cognitive function and physical performance in community-dwelling older adults. A further study exploring cognitive dysfunction and physical performance in older adults is needed.

scholarly journals Does the diurnal cycle of cortisol explain the relationship between physical performance and cognitive function in older adults?

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Dijckmans ◽  
J. Tortosa-Martínez ◽  
N. Caus ◽  
G. González-Caballero ◽  
B. Martínez-Pelegrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Diurnal Cycle ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Effect of a Tai Chi-Based Exercise Program on Cognitive Function Among Older Adults With Dementia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 186-187
Author(s):  
Rhayun Song ◽  
Myonghwa Park ◽  
Misook Jung ◽  
Hyun Li Kim ◽  
Hanna Lee
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Early Dementia ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Cognitive function with dementia is strongly associated with physical function decline. A low intensity aerobic exercise, such as Tai Chi, may help either prevent or slow down cognitive impairment. This study aimed to examine the effect of Tai Chi-based exercise program on cognitive function among older adults with early dementia. Individuals registered at the Dementia Support Center were invited to participate in the Tai Chi-based exercise program twice a week for one-hour session for 20 weeks. The comparison group with the same inclusion criteria but not participated in any formal exercise program were recruited by matching with age, education, and pre-cognitive function. Cognitive function (MOCA-K) was measured at the pretest and at the completion of the study period. Fifty-two older adults with dementia (29 in Tai Chi group, 23 comparisons) with the mean age of 80.5 years completed all measurements. All participants had at least one chronic disease. About 50% of the participants received no formal education. At the completion of the study, Tai Chi group improved their cognitive function, while their counterpart remained similar in their MOCA-K score, specifically in attention (F=5.21, p=.027) and short term memory recall (F=6.66, p=.013). In conclusion, Tai Chi-based exercise program was safely and effectively applied to older adults with early dementia. The participants were able to follow the movements with the attendance rates of 80% during the study period. Further studies are warranted to explore the relationship between physical exercise and cognitive function in this population with various types of cognitive impairment.

165 Sex differences in the relationship between self-reported sleep quality and frailty in South Florida older adult outpatients

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A67-A67
Author(s):  
Sonya Kaur ◽  
Katalina McInerney ◽  
Mitchell Slugh ◽  
Annelly Bure ◽  
Marina Sarno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Brain Research ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Depression Status ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Introduction Frailty, a multidimensional construct of decreased reserve is an important predictor of functional independence and quality of life in older adults. There is a growing body of evidence highlighting reduced sleep efficiency and sleep duration predicts frailty in older adults. However, the sex differences in these relationships have been understudied. Methods 253 participants (163) ranging in age from 50-92 years (mean= 67.59 years, S.D.= 9.22 years), underwent frailty assessment and completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Statistical moderation was assessed using nonparametric bootstrapping. All models statistically controlled for age, education and depression status. Results Higher scores on the PSQI predicted higher levels of fatigue (β=1.87, 95% CI= 0.48-3.27) and higher grip strength with the left hand (β= 0.81, 95% CI= 0.85-1.53). These relationships were significantly moderated by sex (β=-0.77, p=0.05 & β=-0.52, p=0.01). Specifically, high scores on the PSQI predicted more fatigue stronger grip strength in men (β=1.11, 95% CI=0.41-1.81) and weaker grip strength in women (β=-0.25, 95% CI=-0.51--0.02). There was no association between scores on the ESS and any of the frailty measures. Conclusion The relationships between PSQI scores and measures of fatigue and grip strength were statistically moderated by sex. These differences are not explained by sex differences in overall sleep quality or baseline frailty. This is consistent with the literature emphasizing sex differences in the effects of risk/lifestyle factors. It is possible that the relationship between sleep quality and frailty is altered by additional hormonal factors and warrant further investigation. Support (if any) This research was supported by the Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Research Foundation

scholarly journals Impact of Malnutrition Status on Muscle Parameter Changes over a 5-Year Follow-Up of Community-Dwelling Older Adults from the SarcoPhAge Cohort

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Laetitia Lengelé ◽  
Olivier Bruyère ◽  
Charlotte Beaudart ◽  
Jean-Yves Reginster ◽  
Médéa Locquet
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
P Values ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

This study aimed to assess the impact of malnutrition on the 5-year evolution of physical performance, muscle mass and muscle strength in participants from the SarcoPhAge cohort, consisting of community-dwelling older adults. The malnutrition status was assessed at baseline (T0) according to the “Global Leadership Initiatives on Malnutrition” (GLIM) criteria, and the muscle parameters were evaluated both at T0 and after five years of follow-up (T5). Lean mass, muscle strength and physical performance were assessed using dual X-ray absorptiometry, handgrip dynamometry, the short physical performance battery test and the timed up and go test, respectively. Differences in muscle outcomes according to nutritional status were tested using Student’s t-test. The association between malnutrition and the relative 5-year change in the muscle parameters was tested using multiple linear regressions adjusted for several covariates. A total of 411 participants (mean age of 72.3 ± 6.1 years, 56% women) were included. Of them, 96 individuals (23%) were diagnosed with malnutrition at baseline. Their muscle parameters were significantly lower than those of the well-nourished patients both at baseline and after five years of follow-up (all p-values < 0.05), except for muscle strength in women at T5, which was not significantly lower in the presence of malnutrition. However, the 5-year changes in muscle parameters of malnourished individuals were not significantly different than those of well-nourished individuals (all p-values > 0.05).

scholarly journals Inappropriate medications and physical function: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 204209862110303
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Manias ◽  
Md Zunayed Kabir ◽  
Andrea B. Maier
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Inappropriate Medication ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Potentially Inappropriate Medications ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Prescribing Omissions ◽  
Inappropriate Medications

Background and aims: Inappropriate medication prescription is highly prevalent in older adults and is associated with adverse health outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between potentially inappropriate medications (PIMS) and potential prescribing omissions with physical function in older adults situated in diverse environments. Methods: A systematic search was completed using the following databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMBASE and COCHRANE. Results were extracted from the included studies. Results: In total, 55 studies reported on 2,767,594 participants with a mean age of 77.1 years (63.5% women). Study designs comprised 26 retrospective cohort studies, 21 prospective cohort studies and 8 cross-sectional studies. Inappropriate medications in community and hospital settings were significantly associated with higher risk of falls (21 out of 30 studies), higher risk of fractures (7 out of 9 studies), impaired activities of daily living (ADL; 8 out of 10 studies) and impaired instrumental ADL (IADL) score (4 out of 6 studies). Five out of seven studies also showed that PIMs were associated with poorer physical performance comprising the Timed Up and Go test, walking speed, grip strength, time to functional recovery, functional independence and scale of functioning. Many medication classes were implicated as PIMs in falls, fractures and impairment in physical performance including antipsychotic, sedative, anti-anxiety, anticholinergic, antidiabetic, opioid and antihypertensive medications. For patients not receiving musculoskeletal medications, such as calcium, vitamin D and bisphosphonates, older adults were found to be at risk of a hospital admission for a fall or fracture. Conclusion: Inappropriate medication prescriptions are associated with impaired physical function across longitudinal and cross-sectional studies in older adults situated in diverse settings. It is important to support older people to reduce their use of inappropriate medications and prevent prescribing omissions. Plain language summary Inappropriate medications and physical function Background and aims: The use of inappropriate medications is very common in older adults and is associated with harmful health problems. The aim was to examine associations between potentially inappropriate medications and potential prescribing omissions with physical function in older adults situated in diverse environments. Methods: Library databases were examined for possible studies to include and a systematic search was completed. Relevant information was obtained from the included studies. Results: In total, 55 studies reported on 2,767,594 participants who were an average age of 77.1 years and about 6 out of 10 were women. A variety of different study designs were used. Inappropriate medication prescriptions in community and hospital settings were significantly associated with higher risk of falls (21 out of 30 studies), higher risk of fractures (7 out of 9 studies), problems with activities of daily living (ADL), such as eating, bathing, dressing, grooming, walking and toileting (8 out of 10 studies) and problems with instrumental ADL such as managing medications, house cleaning and shopping (4 out of 6 studies). Five out of seven studies also showed that inappropriate medications were associated with poorer physical performance involving the Timed Up and Go test, walking speed, grip strength, time to functional recovery, functional independence and scale of functioning. Many types of medication classes were shown to be associated with a risk of falls, fractures and problems with physical performance. Omitted medications were also associated with falls and fractures. Conclusion: Inappropriate medication prescriptions are associated with problems relating to physical function. It is important to support older people to reduce their use of inappropriate medications and prevent prescribing omissions.

Prospective associations of plasma growth differentiation factor 15 with physical performance and cognitive functions in older adults

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingxiao He ◽  
Philipe de Souto Barreto ◽  
Juan Luis Sánchez Sánchez ◽  
Yves Rolland ◽  
Sophie Guyonnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cognitive Score ◽  
Growth Differentiation Factor 15 ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
One Year ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Background Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) has been associated with several age-related disorders, but its associations with functional abilities in community-dwelling older adults are not well studied. Methods The study was a secondary analysis on 1096 community-dwelling older adults (aged 69 to 94 years) recruited from the Multidomain Alzheimer’s Preventive Trial. Plasma GDF15 was measured one year after participants’ enrolment. Annual data of physical performance (grip strength and short physical performance battery [SPPB]) and global cognitive functions (mini-mental state examination [MMSE] and a composite cognitive score) were measured for four years. Adjusted mixed-effects linear models were performed for cross-sectional and longitudinal association analyses. Results A higher GDF15 was cross-sectionally associated with a weaker grip strength (β = -1.1E-03, 95%CI [-2.0E-03, -1.5E-04]), a lower SPPB score (β = -3.1E-04, 95%CI [-5.4E-04, -9.0E-05]) and worse cognitive functions (β = -2.4E-04, 95%CI [-3.3E-04, -1.6E-04] for composite cognitive score; β = -4.0E-04, 95%CI [-6.4E-04, -1.6E-04] for MMSE). Participants with higher GDF15 demonstrated greater longitudinal declines in SPPB (β = -1.0E-04, 95%CI [-1.7E-04, -2.0E-05]) and composite cognitive score (β = -2.0E-05, 95%CI [-4.0E-05, -3.6E-06]). The optimal initial GDF15 cutoff values for identifying participants with minimal clinically significant decline after one year were 2189 pg/mL for SPPB (AUC: 0.580) and 2330 pg/mL for composite cognitive score (AUC: 0.587). Conclusions Plasma GDF15 is cross-sectionally and longitudinally associated with lower-limb physical performance and global cognitive function in older adults. Circulating GDF15 alone has limited capacity of discriminating older adults who will develop clinically significant functional declines.

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