Oral Functions Are Associated with Muscle Strength and Physical Performance in Old-Old Japanese

Grip strength and walking speed are considered to be important indicators of physical frailty. However, no study has contemporaneously examined any association of multiple oral functions with grip strength and walking speed. The purpose of this study was to examine which oral functions are associated with muscle strength (grip strength), physical performance (walking speed) or both. The study participants were 511 community-dwelling people (254 men and 257 women) aged 77–81 years old. Six oral functions—oral wetness, occlusal force, tongue-lip motor function, tongue pressure, masticatory performance and swallowing function—were measured. Grip strength and walking speed were also measured. A partial correlation analysis, adjusted for gender, showed that occlusal force, tongue-lip motor function, masticatory performance and swallowing function were significantly associated with both grip strength and walking speed. In addition, tongue pressure was significantly associated with grip strength. A general linear model showed that tongue pressure and occlusal force were significantly associated with grip strength. Swallowing function and tongue-lip motor function were significantly associated with walking speed. It is suggested that there are different oral function measures for muscle strength and physical performance, and these oral function measures could be a useful proxy for physical frailty.

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Differences in the factors associated with tongue pressure between children with class I and Class II malocclusions

BMC Pediatrics ◽

10.1186/s12887-021-02956-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yuko Fujita ◽

Yoma Ohno ◽

Keitaro Ohno ◽

Tomohiro Takeshima ◽

Kenshi Maki

Keyword(s):

Grip Strength ◽

Class Ii ◽

Hand Grip Strength ◽

Mixed Dentition ◽

Class I ◽

Tongue Pressure ◽

Class Ii Malocclusion ◽

Masticatory Performance ◽

Occlusal Force ◽

Hand Grip

Abstract Background The relationship between tongue pressure and masticatory performance during the mixed dentition period in cases of Class II malocclusion has not been clarified. The aim of this study was to determine differences in tongue pressure-related factors, including maxillofacial morphology and masticatory performance, between Class I and Class II malocclusions during the mixed dentition period. Methods A total of 56 children with Class I malocclusion (12 boys, 16 girls) or Class II malocclusion (16 boys, 12 girls) with mixed dentition were included in the present study. Height, body weight, hand grip strength, maximum occlusal force, maximum tongue pressure, masticatory performance, and the number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth were measured in all participants. Their lateral cephalograms were also evaluated. The means of all measurements were compared between Class I and Class II malocclusions. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to determine associations between maximum tongue pressure and other variables for each type of malocclusion. Results The maximum tongue pressure, hand grip strength, and maximum occlusal force in the Class II malocclusion group were significantly lower than those in the Class I malocclusion group (all, p < 0.05). The maximum tongue pressure was significantly positively correlated with hand grip strength, maximum occlusal force, masticatory performance, and SNB (sella, nasion, B point) angle in the Class I group (all, p < 0.05), and with height, body weight, and labial inclination of the central incisors in the Class II group (all, p < 0.05). Conclusions The maxillofacial morphometric factors associated with tongue pressure were clearly different between cases of Class I and Class II malocclusion with mixed dentition. Masticatory performance and tongue pressure were significantly positively correlated in cases of Class I malocclusion, but not in cases of Class II malocclusion.

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Relationship Between Tooth Loss and Sarcopenia in Chinese Suburban Community-dwelling Older Adults

10.21203/rs.3.rs-528293/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Feng Wang ◽

Jingru Wang ◽

Peipei Han ◽

Yuewen Liu ◽

Weibo Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Tooth Loss ◽

Walking Speed ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Suburban Community ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Background: Both sarcopenia and loss of teeth are associated with aging. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential relationships between tooth loss and sarcopenia and components of sarcopenia, including declining muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance, in Chinese suburban community-dwelling older adults.Methods: The subjects were 1494 people over 60 years of age (average age: 71.64 ± 5.97 years；men, n=609) from Chongming District of Shanghai and Hangu District of Tianjin. The Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria were used to define sarcopenia. The three basic diagnostic components of sarcopenia (muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance) were assessed using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer, a grip strength test, and a four-meter walk test, respectively. The subjects were divided into groups depending on self-reported loss of teeth. Results: After adjusting for confounding variables, we found no correlation between tooth loss and sarcopenia or muscle mass. However, the walking speed of female participants with at least 10 teeth lost was 0.059 m/s slower than that of participants with fewer than 10 teeth lost (P＜0.001), and grip strength was 1.577 kg lower among male participants with at least 10 teeth lost than among males with fewer than 10 teeth lost (P =0.023).Conclusion: Our results suggest that tooth loss is negatively correlated with muscle strength in males and average walking speed in females. These results are consistent with the importance of good oral hygiene in preventing declines of physical performance in older adults.

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A Cross-Sectional Study of Age-Related Changes in Oral Function in Healthy Japanese Individuals

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17041376 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 1376 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Kiyomi Iyota ◽

Shinsuke Mizutani ◽

Saori Oku ◽

Misa Asao ◽

Toshiko Futatsuki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Motor Function ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Tongue Pressure ◽

Control Group ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Swallowing Function ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Occlusal Force ◽

Oral Function ◽

Age Related

Background: Oral function deterioration is related to a variety of factors, including aging, decline in activities of daily living, malnutrition, and cognitive decline. This cross-sectional study examined the effects of aging on oral function in healthy individuals. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 175 healthy, independent patients aged 40–89 years, without dementia and with ≥20 teeth, who visited a local dental clinic in Japan. Patients were compared with 92 university students aged 20–29 years. The seven criteria proposed by the Japanese Society of Gerodontology to diagnose “oral hypofunction” were observed and statistically analyzed. Results: Compared with those in the control group, the degree of tongue coating was increased in the group aged over 80 years, occlusal force was decreased in the group aged 70–79 years, tongue motor function was decreased in the groups aged 60–69 years and older, and tongue pressure was decreased in the groups aged 70–79 years and older. Conclusions: Healthy, independent individuals maintained several oral function criteria across aging, including oral mucosal wetness, occlusal force, lip motor function, masticatory function, and swallowing function. Tongue motor function and tongue pressure decreased with aging, indicating that these may be rehabilitation targets.

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Relationship Between Tooth Loss and Sarcopenia in Chinese Suburban Community-Dwelling Older Adults

10.21203/rs.3.rs-528293/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Feng Wang ◽

Jingru Wang ◽

Peipei Han ◽

Yuewen Liu ◽

Weibo Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Tooth Loss ◽

Walking Speed ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Suburban Community ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

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Human Nonmercaptalbumin Is a New Biomarker of Motor Function

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10112464 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2464

Author(s):

Sadayuki Ito ◽

Hiroaki Nakashima ◽

Kei Ando ◽

Kazuyoshi Kobayashi ◽

Masaaki Machino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Motor Function ◽

Walking Speed ◽

The Elderly ◽

Elderly Subjects ◽

Locomotive Syndrome ◽

Reduced Mobility

The ratio of human nonmercaptalbumin (HNA) and reduced albumin (HMA) may be a new marker for oxidative stress. Locomotive syndrome (LS) is reduced mobility due to impairment of locomotive organs. We investigated whether the HNA/HMA ratio could be a new biomarker of LS. This study included 306 subjects (mean age 64.24 ± 10.4 years) who underwent LS tests, grip strength, walking speed, and tests for HNA and HMA. Oxidative stress was measured by the ratio of HMA (f(HMA) = (HMA/(HMA + HNA) × 100)), and the subjects were divided into normal (N group; f[HMA] ≥ 70%) and low (L group; f[HMA] < 70%) groups. There were 124 non-elderly (<65 years) and 182 elderly subjects (≥65 years). There were no significant differences in LS, grip strength, and walking speed between the L and N groups in the non-elderly subjects. However, significant differences were found in the elderly subjects. In logistic regression analysis, there was an association between f(HMA) and the LS severity at older ages. LS in the elderly is associated with a decline in HMA and, thus, an increase in oxidative stress. Thus, f(HMA) is a new biomarker of LS.

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Assessment of Muscle Quality and Quantity for the Diagnosis of Sarcopenia Using Mid-Thigh Computed Tomography : A Cohort Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-64471/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hiroki Oba ◽

Yasumoto Matsui ◽

Hidenori Arai ◽

Tsuyoshi Watanabe ◽

Hiroki Iida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Motor Function ◽

Mass Measurement ◽

Muscle Quality ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Skeletal Mass ◽

Low Mass

Abstract BackgroundPreviously, sarcopenia was diagnosed based on walking speed, grip strength, and muscle mass. However, recent consensus has proposed a concern regarding the use of muscle mass measurement for sarcopenia diagnosis due to lack of accuracy; therefore, new assessment methods in clinical practice are required. We compared computed tomography (CT) with various motor function tests to determine the validity of CT as a potential diagnostic method for sarcopenia.MethodsIn total, 214 patients who were examined at our center during the study period (2016–2017) were included in the study. Single-slice CT scan of the mid-thigh region was performed, from which cross-sectional area (CSA) and CT attenuation value (CTV) of quadriceps femoris were evaluated for each subject. Other assessments included skeletal mass index, muscle strength and physical performance. Furthermore, subjects were classified into four groups: normal, low muscle mass (low mass), poor muscle function/strength (poor function), and sarcopenia.ResultsCSA and muscle strength exhibited the strongest correlation. Some physical performance tests showed the strongest correlation with CTV. CSA was significantly reduced both in men and women with low mass and sarcopenia group (p < 0.01), whereas CTV was significantly lower in men with sarcopenia group and in women with poor function and sarcopenia group (p < 0.01).ConclusionsCSA mostly reflects muscle strength, whereas CTV mostly reflects physical performance. CT with measurements of CSA and CTV enables the evaluation of muscle mass and quality simultaneously. Thus, CT is thought to be useful for the assessment of motor function and diagnosis of sarcopenia.

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Can grip strength and/or walking speed be simple indicators of the deterioration in tongue pressure and jaw opening force in older individuals?

Gerodontology ◽

10.1111/ger.12292 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 455-459 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yoko Wakasugi ◽

Haruka Tohara ◽

Nami Machida ◽

Ayako Nakane ◽

Shunsuke Minakuchi

Keyword(s):

Grip Strength ◽

Walking Speed ◽

Tongue Pressure ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Jaw Opening

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Testosterone but not estradiol level is positively related to muscle strength and physical performance independent of muscle mass: a cross-sectional study in 1489 older men

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-10-0952 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 164 (5) ◽

pp. 811-817 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

Tung Wai Auyeung ◽

Jenny Shun Wah Lee ◽

Timothy Kwok ◽

Jason Leung ◽

Claes Ohlsson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Older Men ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Sex Hormone ◽

Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Skeletal Mass

ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between different measures of testosterone and estradiol (E2), muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance; and to test whether the association of sex hormone level with muscle strength and physical performance was independent of muscle mass.Design and methodsA cross-sectional survey on 1489 community-dwelling men older than 64 years of age. Serum levels of testosterone and E2were measured by mass spectrometry, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels were measured by immunoradioassay. Muscle mass was examined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and physical performance was assessed by hand-grip strength, gait speed, step length and chair-stand test.ResultsAppendicular skeletal mass (ASM) was positively associated with total testosterone (TT;P<0.001), free testosterone (FT;P<0.001), and total E2(P<0.001) but not with free E2(P=0.102). After adjustment for age, serum SHBG and relative ASM, both TT and FT were significantly associated with grip strength, narrow-walk speed and the composite neuromuscular score. Higher total E2, but not free E2was associated with lower grip strength (P<0.05) after adjustment for age, FT, SHBG and relative ASM.ConclusionsTestosterone level was related to both muscle mass, strength and physical performance. Total E2level, though related to muscle mass positively, affected muscle strength adversely in older men.

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Reliability and Validity of the Ground Reaction Force Asymmetric Index at Seat-Off as a Measure of Lower Limb Functional Muscle Strength: A Preliminary Study

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11146527 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (14) ◽

pp. 6527

Author(s):

Ae-Ryoung Kim ◽

Dougho Park ◽

Yang-Soo Lee

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Ground Reaction Force ◽

Walking Speed ◽

Reaction Force ◽

Hand Grip Strength ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Intrarater Reliability ◽

Hand Grip ◽

The Right

This study examined the reliability of the newly developed ground reaction force asymmetry index (GRF AI) at seat-off using a low-cost force plate and the validity of this new test by comparing it with other muscle strength-measuring methods and walking speed. This study was a cross-sectional design in general hospital setting. A convenience sample of 47 community-dwelling adults aged ≥40 years was performed. GRF AI is the measurement value obtained by shifting the weight to the right and left while performing sit-to-stand (STS). GRF AI assessed using GRF data at seat-off during an STS test with maximal weight shift to the right and left side and repeated 4 weeks later. Hip and knee extensor strength were measured using hand-held dynamometry; hand grip strength and walking speed were measured using a standardized method. Intrasessional intrarater reliability of the right and left side at Sessions 1 and 2 were high (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICC] = 0.947 and 0.974; 0.931 and 0.970, respectively). In addition, the intersessional intrarater reliability of a single test trial (ICC = 0.911 and 0.930) and the mean of three test trials (ICC = 0.965 and 0.979) was also high. There was a low correlation between right-side GRF AI and right hand grip strength (r = 0.268) and between left-side GRF AI and left hand grip strength (r = 0.316). No significant correlations were found between the GRF AI and other parameters. Although the reliability of the GRF AI was high, the validity was poor. To be clinically useful, this test should be further refined by modifying the test protocol.

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Evaluation of muscle quality and quantity for the assessment of sarcopenia using mid-thigh computed tomography: a cohort study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-64471/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hiroki Oba ◽

Yasumoto Matsui ◽

Hidenori Arai ◽

Tsuyoshi Watanabe ◽

Hiroki Iida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Motor Function ◽

Mass Measurement ◽

Muscle Quality ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Men And Women ◽

Ct Attenuation Value

Abstract BackgroundPreviously, sarcopenia was diagnosed based on walking speed, grip strength and muscle mass. However, recent consensus has proposed a concern regarding the use of muscle mass measurement for sarcopenia diagnosis due to lack of accuracy; therefore, new assessment methods in clinical practice are required. We investigated the correlation between computed tomography (CT) and various motor function tests to assess the utility of CT as a potential diagnostic method for sarcopenia.MethodsIn total, 214 patients who were examined at our center during the study period (2016–2017) were included in the study. Single-slice CT scan of the mid-thigh region was performed, from which cross-sectional area (CSA) and CT attenuation value (CTV) of quadriceps femoris were evaluated for each subject. Other assessments included skeletal muscle mass index, muscle strength and physical performance. Furthermore, subjects were classified into four groups as per the Asia Working Group of Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 criteria as those with: normal, poor muscle function/strength (poor function), sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia.ResultsCSA and muscle strength exhibited the strongest correlation. Some physical performance tests showed the strongest correlation with CTV. The CSA was significantly lower in women with sarcopenia group and in both men and women with severe sarcopenia (all p < 0.01); furthermore, the CTV was significantly lower in women with poor-function and in both men and women with severe sarcopenia group (all p < 0.01).ConclusionsCSA mostly correlated with muscle strength, whereas CTV mostly correlated with physical performance. CT with measurements of CSA and CTV enables the evaluation of muscle mass and quality simultaneously. CT is believed to be useful in inferring evaluation of motor function and assessment of sarcopenia.

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