Rheologic and Transport Properties of Middle Ear Effusions from Cleft Palate Patients

1978 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. ORL-269-ORL-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce J. Romanczuk ◽  
William P. Potsic ◽  
Allan L. McCall ◽  
Mohammad A. Khan ◽  
Chung K. Shih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Transport Properties ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Transport Rate ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Mucociliary Transport ◽  
Transport Defect ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Serous Otitis Media

Middle ear effusions represent respiratory secretions which are physiologically important to functional mucociliary transport systems. Knowledge of middle ear mucus and methods of facilitating clearance continue to be important to cleft palate patients. Middle ear mucus was collected from the ears of children with cleft palate before surgical correction. Samples were dialyzed and lyophilized to yield mucus powder. This mucus was reconstituted at various nondialyzable solids (NDS) concentrations in TRIS-CI buffer. A physiochemical study of the middle ear mucus was then undertaken, since a mucociliary transport defect leading to serous otitis media (SOM) is an etiologic possibility. The viscoelastic properties of reconstituted middle ear mucus of cleft palate children were determined using a magnetic microrheometer. The relationship to nondialyzable solids concentrations is also described. The mucociliary transport rate as a function of NDS concentrations was recorded on the toad palate model. Results suggest a maximum transport rate at a specific NDS concentration. The viscoelastic properties also correlate well with the mucociliary transport rate. These may have clinical and therapeutic relevance.

Myringostomy for Middle Ear Effusions

1976 ◽  
Vol 85 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert G. Birck ◽  
Joseph J. Mravec
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Common Complication ◽  
Tube Insertion ◽  
Tympanic Membrane Perforations ◽  
Tympanostomy Tubes ◽  
Serous Otitis Media

From 1972 to 1974, 736 children had tympanostomy tubes inserted for chronic serous otitis media resistant to medical therapy. The total number of ears involved was 2,237. The cleft palate patients constituted 8.8% of the total and had 15.4% of all procedures. Patients with allergy comprised 19% of the total population and had a higher incidence of otitis media following tube insertion. Adenoidectomy was performed in 44% of all patients and 35* of these required further tube insertions, suggesting that adenoidectomy in combination with tube insertion is not necessarily the primary treatment of choice. Children under six made up 78.5% of the total. The most common complication, a draining ear with an incidence of 15.1% was treated successfully with aqueous Merthiolate® irrigations. There were 14 tympanic membrane perforations.

Mucus-depleted frog palate as a model for the study of mucociliary clearance

1990 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 424-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Rubin ◽  
O. Ramirez ◽  
M. King
Keyword(s):  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Rana Pipiens ◽  
Mucociliary Clearance ◽  
Transport Rate ◽  
Leopard Frog ◽  
Mucociliary Transport ◽  
Percent Solid ◽  
Frog Palate ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Solids Content

To better understand the frog palate model of mucociliary transport, we measured the transport rate of mucus (MTR) from the leopard frog, Rana pipiens, and from the bullfrog, R. catesbeiana, recorded the stability of the MTR over a period of hours and days and over the course of 1 yr, and measured the viscoelasticity, percent solid composition, and spinnability (filance) of mucus from both species. Bullfrog mucus was less rigid than leopard frog mucus (log G* at 1 rad/s 2.09 vs. 2.61; P less than 0.01) and had a higher viscosity-to-elasticity ratio (tan delta at 1 rad/s 0.36 vs. 0.26; P less than 0.05). It also had a lower solids content (8.71 vs. 13.72%; P = 0.02), and there was a trend to lower spinnability for bullfrog mucus (filance 26.7 vs. 33.5 mm). These data suggest that bullfrog mucus has viscoelastic properties similar to normal mammalian respiratory mucus and leopard frog mucus has viscoelasticity similar to sputum samples. MTR was significantly slower in the winter than in the summer months (17 vs. 30 mm/min; P less than 0.0001). Although the leopard frog palate could be used for at least 7 consecutive days without exhaustion, bullfrog palates could be used for only 5 days. Palates of either species could generally be tested for 6 h/day without a significant decrease in MTR. These data clarify some of the sources of variability in the use of this system and suggest methods of standardization.

EFFECTS OF VELOPHARYNGEAL DYSFUNCTION ON MIDDLE EAR OF REPAIRED CLEFT PALATE PATIENTS

2009 ◽  
pp. 091202121239062
Author(s):  
Daniela da Silva ◽  
Marcus Vinicius Collares ◽  
Sady da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Middle Ear

Biologically Important Physicochemical Properties of Some Cephalosporins

1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1739-1746
Author(s):  
Katarína Škvareninová ◽  
Štefan Baláž ◽  
Ernest Šturdík ◽  
Miroslav Veverka ◽  
Jana Adamcová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Partition Coefficients ◽  
Dissociation Constants ◽  
Transport Rate ◽  
Hydrolysis Rate ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Non Linear Equation ◽  
Cell Components ◽  
The Relationship

In the series of cephalosporin derivatives, consisting of eight 7-(R1-CH2-CO-NH)cephalosporanic acids and of seven analogical compounds with 3-acetoxymethyl replaced by 3-CH3, physicochemical properties, which are expected to play a role in their antibacterial effects (the transport rate parameters and partition coefficients in the systems 1-octanol-water and 1-octanol-buffer, dissociation constants of the 4-carboxyl group, reactivity towards L-glutathione imitating the nucleophilic groups of the cell components and hydrolysis rate parameters), were determined. Linear dependences were observed between the partition coefficients and the π-constants of the varying substituents as well as between reactivity towards SH-groups of L-glutathione and OH-groups. The relationship between the transport rate parameters and partition coefficients, both measured in buffered as well as non-buffered system, was described by a common non-linear equation.

scholarly journals Adenoidectomy for middle ear disease in cleft palate children: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Rosso ◽  
Antonio Mario Bulfamante ◽  
Carlotta Pipolo ◽  
Emanuela Fuccillo ◽  
Alberto Maccari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Velopharyngeal Insufficiency ◽  
Middle Ear Disease ◽  
Conductive Hearing

Abstract Purpose Cleft palate children have a higher incidence of otitis media with effusion, more frequent recurrent acute otitis media episodes, and worse conductive hearing losses than non-cleft children. Nevertheless, data on adenoidectomy for middle ear disease in this patient group are scarce, since many feared worsening of velopharyngeal insufficiency after the procedure. This review aims at collecting the available evidence on this subject, to frame possible further areas of research and interventions. Methods A PRISMA-compliant systematic review was performed. Multiple databases were searched with criteria designed to include all studies focusing on the role of adenoidectomy in treating middle ear disease in cleft palate children. After duplicate removal, abstract and full-text selection, and quality assessment, we reviewed eligible articles for clinical indications and outcomes. Results Among 321 unique citations, 3 studies published between 1964 and 1972 (2 case series and a retrospective cohort study) were deemed eligible, with 136 treated patients. The outcomes were positive in all three articles in terms of conductive hearing loss improvement, recurrent otitis media episodes reduction, and effusive otitis media resolution. Conclusion Despite promising results, research on adenoidectomy in treating middle ear disease in the cleft population has stopped in the mid-Seventies. No data are, therefore, available on the role of modern conservative adenoidectomy techniques (endoscopic and/or partial) in this context. Prospective studies are required to define the role of adenoidectomy in cleft children, most interestingly in specific subgroups such as patients requiring re-tympanostomy, given their known risk of otologic sequelae.

Serous Otitis Media

1973 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Veltri ◽  
Philip M. Sprinkle
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Sterile Condition ◽  
Local Synthesis ◽  
Serous Otitis Media ◽  
Inflammatory Insult ◽  
Partial Vacuum

The middle ear fluids of seven patients with bilateral, and five patients with unilateral serous otitis media (SOM), were demonstrated to be microbiologically sterile when assessed for the presence of bacteria, mycoplasma, viruses, and fungi. The concentrations of immunoglobulins G, M, A, D, and lysozyme (muramidase) were determined in the serum and middle ear fluids. Lysozyme levels of middle ear aspirates were found to be elevated in SOM patients. The elevated levels of lysozyme in combination with the antibody-containing classes of immunoglobulins may explain the microbiologically sterile condition of the middle ear fluids of SOM patients. Also, the elevated lysozyme concentrations in middle ear fluids may indicate the previous presence of neutrophils and hence a previous inflammatory insult. The increased levels of IgA demonstrated in middle ear fluids may indicate local synthesis of secretory IgA by secretory cells of Eustachian tube and middle ear. The closed Eustachian tube, partial vacuum conditions and absence of a portal of exit for accumulated serous fluids are offered as a possible explanation for SOM.

Transport Phenomena and Properties in Treelike Networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Xu ◽  
Agus Pulung Sasmito ◽  
Boming Yu ◽  
Arun Sadashiv Mujumdar
Keyword(s):  
Transport Properties ◽  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Transport Phenomena ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Branching Structures ◽  
Flow And Heat Transfer ◽  
Flow Heat

Treelike structures abound in natural as well as man-made transport systems, which have fascinated multidisciplinary researchers to study the transport phenomena and properties and understand the transport mechanisms of treelike structures for decades. The fluid flow and heat transfer in treelike networks have received an increasing attention over the past decade as the highly efficient transport processes observed in natural treelike structures can provide useful hints for optimal solutions to many engineering and industrial problems. This review paper attempts to present the background and research progress made in recent years on the transport phenomenon in treelike networks as well as technological applications of treelike structures. The subtopics included are optimization of branching structures, scaling laws of treelike networks, and transport properties for laminar flow, turbulent flow, heat conduction, and heat convection in treelike networks. Analytical expressions for the effective transport properties have been derived based on deterministic treelike networks, and the effect of branching parameters on the transport properties of treelike networks has also been discussed. Furthermore, numerical simulation results for treelike microchannel networks are presented as well. The proposed transport properties may be beneficial to understand the transport mechanisms of branching structures and promote the applications of treelike networks in engineering and industry.

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