Discoloration of dyes by Trametes spp

The dyes used in the textile industry contribute significantly to pollution of water sources as they are disposed, most of the time, without proper treatment. The objective of this work was to test three strains of two species of the genus Trametes collected in Brazil against the ability to discolor the indigo carmine dye and to detect the activity of the enzymes laccase, lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase. The experiment was carried out in Kirk medium under static, non-sterile condition, at ±28 °C for 120 h. Trametes lactinea (URM8350) discolored 81.40% of the indigo carmine dye, T. lactinea (URM8354) 85.09% and T. villosa (URM8022) 96.11%. Laccase was detected in all specimens. Manganese peroxidase was detected in T. villosa (URM8022) and T. lactinea (URM8354), while lignin peroxidase was not detected in any of the isolates under the conditions of the experiment. The discoloration rates observed demonstrate the ability of the strains to discolor carmine indigo and the promising use in the discoloration processes in wastewater from the textile segment.

Multilocus DNA analysis supports Didymodon gelidus (Musci, Pottiaceae) as a distinct endemic of the austral polar region

The taxonomic position of the Antarctic subendemic species <em>Didymodon gelidus</em> Cardot is controversial, notably because of its notorious sterile condition. Considering the overall appearance and the reddish coloration of the plants, the leaf areolation, reaction of the leaf lamina with KOH, and the presence of multicellular axillary gemmae, this species was considered to be conspecific with the Holarctic <em>D. brachyphyllus</em> (Sull.) R. H. Zander. As a result, the latter was established as a bipolar species. Recent detailed morphological and anatomical studies have revealed a number of features which enable recognition of <em>D. gelidus</em> and <em>D. brachyphyllus</em>, including the shape of leaves, leaf apices and basal leaf cells, as well as costal anatomy. Here, within a larger-scale project focused on the evolution and biogeographical connections of Antarctic endemic mosses, we analyzed the genetic relationships of <em>D. gelidus</em> and <em>D. brachyphyllus</em> to confront the morphology-based conclusions. We selected five geographically distinct collections per species and applied a multilocus DNA analysis based on nuclear (ITS) and plastid (<em>atpIH</em>, <em>trnLF</em>, <em>trnG</em>, <em>rps4</em>) sequences to assess the genetic differentiation of these two taxa. We also placed their lineages in a wider phylogenetic context using an extended sampling of <em>Didymodon</em> taxa and select other representatives of Pottiaceae. Our results showed a clear genetic differentiation of the Southern Hemisphere (<em>D. gelidus</em>) and Northern Hemisphere (<em>D. brachyphyllus</em>) plants. Moreover, the phylogenetic analysis showed that <em>D. gelidus</em> formed a strongly supported clade on its own which was distantly related to <em>D. brachyphyllus</em>. Accordingly, the two taxa do not represent geographical vicariants. <em>Didymodon gelidus</em> must be considered a distinct endemic species of the austral polar region, having its optimal occurrence in the Antarctic and weakly penetrating northward to South Georgia and Îles Kerguelen in the Subantarctic. The relatively isolated phylogenetic position of <em>D. gelidus</em> likely suggests its old age.

Microbiological Comparison of Royal Jelly and Chlorhexidine 0.2%

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the antibacterial property of royal jelly and chlorhexidine 0.2%. As a methodology, in our study, we used piastres in blood agar, where the holes in the agar field were made through a glass pipette, sterile "Paster", in a diameter of 7 mm. Used a bacterial culture of Streptococcus gr. D (Enterococcus faecalis) in a concentration of 105, which was distributed in sterile condition, using a sterile tampon, according to the method of diffusion in agar. As a result, we used a ruler for the measurement of inhibition areas: -in the royal jelly’s hole, the radius of inhibition resulted 14 mm, -in the chlorhexidine’s hole, the radius of inhibition resulted 20 mm. Based on the results obtained from our study, presented facts to use the royal jelly and chlorhexidine 0.2% in the dental practice. As a conclusion, we can say that the royal jelly contains important elements with antibacterial action compared to the chlorhexidine one.

Microbiological Comparison of Royal Jelly and Chlorhexidine 0.2%

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the antibacterial property of royal jelly and chlorhexidine 0.2%. As a methodology, in our study, we used piastres in blood agar, where the holes in the agar field were made through a glass pipette, sterile "Paster", in a diameter of 7 mm. Used a bacterial culture of Streptococcus gr. D (Enterococcus faecalis) in a concentration of 105, which was distributed in sterile condition, using a sterile tampon, according to the method of diffusion in agar. As a result, we used a ruler for the measurement of inhibition areas: -in the royal jelly’s hole, the radius of inhibition resulted 14 mm, -in the chlorhexidine’s hole, the radius of inhibition resulted 20 mm. Based on the results obtained from our study, presented facts to use the royal jelly and chlorhexidine 0.2% in the dental practice. As a conclusion, we can say that the royal jelly contains important elements with antibacterial action compared to the chlorhexidine one.

Culture and expansion of Adipose derived Mesenchymal stem cells in Ovine

Culture and expansion of Adipose derived Mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) in Ovine was carried out in this study. Ovine adipose tissue samples were collected from Chennai Corporation slaughter house under sterile condition in normal saline with five per cent povidone iodine, antibiotic and antimycotic solutions. Collected tissue samples were weighed and digested using collagenase enzyme to isolate adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs). Cell yield and viability of the cells were calculated by using trypan blue exclusion test. The cells were seeded at the density of one million cells in one T25 culture flask in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium-high glucose (DMEM-HG). On the day of seeding, the cells showed spherical morphology. Plastic adherence was noticed 24 hrs after seeding. Cell expansion was observed after 3 days. At P0 level, 70% confluency was attained on day 14 and the time taken to reach 70% confluency was reduced to 3-4 days in subsequent passages.

Examine the contamination of Epinephelus coioides with Listeria and Salmonella bacteria in Khuzestan coastal zone

Listeria and Salmonella species are high risk for human through contaminated foods; these bacteria are psychrophilic and could grow at low temperature even at refrigerator. Fish and shrimp and other aquatic organisms are very good resources for these kinds of bacteria. These bacteria are known as food-borne bacteria because infected of human by foods. These bacteria have been isolated from fresh and processing aquatic foods in the most countries. In this research, two different organs including intestines and gills from each fish were prepared at sterile condition for isolation of salmonella and Listeria. Listeria was indentified according to FDA and also salmonella was characterized according to impedance method. From total examined 60 fish, 18 fish was contaminated to salmonella and 3 fish was contaminated to Listeria respectively. The frequency of Salmonella and Listeria in Mahshahr fish was 0.30 and 0.05 and in Hendijan fish contamination with salmonella was 0.05 and contamination with Listeria was not reported. S. paratyphi, S. typhimurium B and S. cholera-suis C were identified in Mahshahr fish, but in Hendijan, fish was characterized S. paratyphi and S. typhimurium B. L. murrayi was only isolated specie from Mahshahr fish. These two pathogenic bacteria have contaminated Khuzestan coastal zone through human resources, animal waste, waste water and chemical industries. Therefore people receive these kind bacteria through consumption of aquatic contaminated marine foods.