The Ethnic Saloon as a Form of Immigrant Enterprise

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Rothbart
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Blue Collar ◽  
Social Embeddedness ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
World War ◽  
Mining Town ◽  
Ethnic Entrepreneurship ◽  
European Immigrants ◽  
Upward Social Mobility ◽  
Eastern European Immigrants

While some maintain that immigrant enterprise promotes the upward social mobility of new ethnic groups, others argue that it often contributes little to group advancement. This article examines the case of ethnic saloons owned by Eastern European immigrants in a Pennsylvania coal-mining town between 1880 and World War I. It is argued that social embeddedness eased the entry of Eastern Europeans into the business but restricted their ability to succeed. Most went out of business and returned to blue-collar work after a few years. Only the few who diversified or expanded beyond the ethnic saloon market accumulated much wealth. Thus, in this case, ethnic entrepreneurship contributed little to group advancement.

Eastern European immigrants in the UK

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Rosso
Keyword(s):  
Wage Gap ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Defining Moment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Before And After ◽  
European Immigrants ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Eastern European Immigrants

PurposeThe paper aims at examining wage developments among Eastern European immigrants vs UK natives before and after the 2004 enlargement by measuring the extent to which inter-group wage differentials are explainable by these groups' changing attributes or by differences in returns to these characteristics. The enlargement has been a defining moment in British recent history and may have contributed to the unfolding of the events that have culminated in Brexit.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses a quantitative analysis of the immigrant–native wage gap across the entire distribution by applying the methodology known as the unconditional quantile regression. The analysis is performed before and after the 2004 European Union enlargement to Eastern countries. The data used is the British Labour Force Survey (UK LFS) from 1998 to 2008.FindingsAt all distribution points, a major role is played by occupational downgrading, which increases over time. The results further suggest that the decreased wage levels at the top of the distribution stem mainly from low transferability of skills acquired in the source country.Research limitations/implicationsThe UK LFS does not allow to follow individuals for a long period of time. For this reason, the main limitation of the study is the impossibility to measure for individual-level trajectories in their labour market integration and to account for return migration.Originality/valueThe analysis provides a detailed picture of the wage differences between Eastern European immigrants and natives along the whole wage distribution. The paper also identifies possible causes of the wage gap decrease for EU8 immigrant workers after 2008.

The Rebellion of the Daughters

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Manekin
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
University Education ◽  
Orthodox Jewish ◽  
Traditional Schools ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Jewish Women ◽  
World War ◽  
Educational Innovations

This book investigates the flight of young Jewish women from their Orthodox, mostly Hasidic, homes in Western Galicia (now Poland) in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In extreme cases, hundreds of these women sought refuge in a Kraków convent, where many converted to Catholicism. Those who stayed home often remained Jewish in name only. The book reconstructs the stories of three Jewish women runaways and reveals their struggles and innermost convictions. Unlike Orthodox Jewish boys, who attended “cheders,” traditional schools where only Jewish subjects were taught, Orthodox Jewish girls were sent to Polish primary schools. When the time came for them to marry, many young women rebelled against the marriages arranged by their parents, with some wishing to pursue secondary and university education. After World War I, the crisis of the rebellious daughters in Kraków spurred the introduction of formal religious education for young Orthodox Jewish women in Poland, which later developed into a worldwide educational movement. The book chronicles the belated Orthodox response and argues that these educational innovations not only kept Orthodox Jewish women within the fold but also foreclosed their opportunities for higher education. Exploring the estrangement of young Jewish women from traditional Judaism in Habsburg Galicia at the turn of the twentieth century, the book brings to light a forgotten yet significant episode in Eastern European history.

Boom, Echo, and Splinter

2019 ◽  
pp. 146-168
Author(s):  
Mark Healey
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War I ◽  
New World ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Active Citizenship ◽  
World War ◽  
Military Dictatorship ◽  
Labor Politics ◽  
European Immigrants

Buenos Aires began the twentieth century as a prosperous port drawing European immigrants to serve a booming export economy. It expanded outward from its core of urban power and prosperity through suburbanization, early on segregating slaughterhouse zones from sites of recreation for the comfortable. Mid-century industrialization drew workers to the peripheries—which became zones of labor politics and bases for active citizenship and Peronist power. Peronist economic and political power sustained an unequally shared prosperity past World War I. Then de-industrialization in times of population expansion accompanied by military dictatorship (1976-1983) and a new suburbanization to protect the wealthy brought the polarizing mix wealth and marginality, formality and informality faced earlier in other New World cities. Re-democratization failed to bring more shared prosperity—or an escape from repeated cycles of promise and crisis.

German Iowa and the Global Midwest

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-125
Author(s):  
Laurel Sanders ◽  
Elizabeth Heineman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War I ◽  
The United States ◽  
Presidential Campaign ◽  
Immigrant Group ◽  
World War ◽  
Recent Immigrants ◽  
Hundredth Anniversary ◽  
Counter Narrative ◽  
European Immigrants

From statehood until the 1970 census, Germans constituted Iowa’s largest immigrant group, and the same was true throughout much of the Midwest. “German Iowa and the Global Midwest” explored the story of German immigration, German American communities, and anti-German xenophobia in Iowa and the Midwest. Originally conceived to coincide with the hundredth anniversary of the United States’ entry to World War I and attendant actions against German Americans, the project was intended to spark discussion about immigration and anti-immigrant sentiment today. The xenophobia of the 2016 presidential campaign and the early stages of the Trump presidency made these discussions yet timelier—while also deepening the risks of a counter-narrative heroizing earlier generations of European immigrants as a foil to negative portrayals of more recent immigrants from other locations.

scholarly journals Albanien als Krisen- und Kriegsgebiet 1908–1921

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Opfer-Klinger
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
The Political ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
International Conflicts ◽  
World War ◽  
Postwar Europe ◽  
Foreign Intervention ◽  
Permanent Shape

Abstract The Albanian national movement was still quite young and heterogeneous when international conflicts lead to the foundation of the Albanian state in 1912/13. Located by the strategically important Strait of Otranto, it came into existence as a compromise and under the protection of the Great Powers in a time when the Osman Empire was collapsing and the South-eastern European States were practising an aggressive policy of expansion. Only a few months later World War I broke out and affected the region severely. Consequently, it took another ten years for the Albanian state to take permanent shape within the changed order of postwar Europe. At this point, however, the political self-concept of Albania had altered pertinently due to constant foreign intervention and occupation by opposing war parties. Some of these influences continue to affect Albania to the present day.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document