Community multiculturalism and immigrant crime

There is considerable international and local-level variation in immigrant crime. In this article, we propose a theoretical model to better understand that contextual variation. Furthermore, we present the results of our first attempts to empirically assess the validity of the framework, focussing on local-level variation in crime among residents of Turkish or Moroccan origin in the Netherlands. The proposed model connects Berry's acculturation theory to criminological theories, using relevant findings from the immigration acculturation literature as starting points. It theorises that host societies with a ‘multicultural acculturation orientation’ tend to reduce immigrant crime by fostering informal social control and attenuating criminogenic strains. The empirical analyses explore whether local-level variation in multicultural attitudes among the native-Dutch indeed predicts municipal variation in the number of registered suspected crimes among first- and second-generation immigrants, focussing on men of Turkish or Moroccan origin residing in 35 Dutch cities. The empirical analyses are based on a unique database that combines aggregated survey data, which were used to measure natives’ acculturation attitudes, with administrative microdata, including micro-level police data. Evidence is found for a protective effect of local-level multiculturalism for first-generation immigrant crime in particular, especially for immigrant men living in larger local immigrant communities. We also find stronger effects for the more cohesive and societally accepted Turkish-Dutch group than for the more fragmented and excluded Moroccan-Dutch.

The power of "altruistic" healthcare and its impacts on the health-seeking behaviour of Korean immigrants in New Zealand

<p>Immigrants’ health-seeking behaviours are reconstructed during their healthcare adapting process as a consequence of interaction with the host health services. How Korean immigrants, who came from a very different healthcare system, reconstructed their health-seeking behaviours by adapting in New Zealand, and the factors affecting their healthcare decisions and behaviours were the main concerns of the research. Korean immigrants’ experiences were explored and theorised in order to provide a theoretical understanding of their health-seeking behaviours. Glaser’s classic grounded theory was used to generate a conceptual theory with emergent fit. Forty-eight participants were recruited from Wellington and Auckland. The primary data were collected from unstructured face-to-face individual interviews (n=23), seven two-person interviews (n=14 [two people attended twice]), and four group interviews (n=14 [one person attended twice]). In order to develop a theory grounded in the participants’ experiences and perspectives, data were collected, coded and analysed congruently and iteratively with the constant comparison and theoretical sampling methods. The Healthcare Acculturation Theory that emerged from this research elucidated Koreans’ healthcare adapting process and provided insights into their health-seeking behaviours in New Zealand. Koreans’ health-seeking behaviours were largely categorised into four positions: “rejecting”, “attuning”, “attuning but negotiating”, and “rejecting but negotiating”. They were found to be in one of the four positions at any one point in time and each position reflected their responses toward the New Zealand healthcare system. Once a specific position was held, their healthcare decisions and behaviours were directed by the said position. As their healthcare experiences were ongoing, their chosen positions were not end-outcomes in themselves. When their existing perceptions and behaviours were challenged by new experiences their healthcare positions transitioned or reinforced, and these changes informed the Healthcare Acculturation Theory. When Korean immigrants, who came from a commercially driven healthcare system, experienced healthcare (emergency care rather than elective) at the public services in New Zealand they were deeply touched. The healthcare they received was caring, empathetic, and responsive care delivered in a person-centred way that they had never experienced before. This experience rendered a turning point in their healthcare adapting process. Participants who reached such a point experienced transitions, not only in their healthcare positions, but in their life beliefs and values as well, which went far beyond simply a shifting perspective but can be likened more to a “conversion”. It was conversion to a new understanding. This research articulates the major contributing factor to immigrants’ acceptance of healthcare, which was receiving care that Koreans perceived as “altruistic”. It is related to the ambience of health services that resulted in sincere and empathetic care, rather than the barriers to healthcare that immigrants face in the host country. This thesis makes an important contribution to the existing body of knowledge on acculturation demonstrating new knowledge and a theoretical understanding of health-seeking behaviour, in the development of a substantive theory based on the experiences of Korean immigrants in New Zealand.</p>

The power of "altruistic" healthcare and its impacts on the health-seeking behaviour of Korean immigrants in New Zealand

<p>Immigrants’ health-seeking behaviours are reconstructed during their healthcare adapting process as a consequence of interaction with the host health services. How Korean immigrants, who came from a very different healthcare system, reconstructed their health-seeking behaviours by adapting in New Zealand, and the factors affecting their healthcare decisions and behaviours were the main concerns of the research. Korean immigrants’ experiences were explored and theorised in order to provide a theoretical understanding of their health-seeking behaviours. Glaser’s classic grounded theory was used to generate a conceptual theory with emergent fit. Forty-eight participants were recruited from Wellington and Auckland. The primary data were collected from unstructured face-to-face individual interviews (n=23), seven two-person interviews (n=14 [two people attended twice]), and four group interviews (n=14 [one person attended twice]). In order to develop a theory grounded in the participants’ experiences and perspectives, data were collected, coded and analysed congruently and iteratively with the constant comparison and theoretical sampling methods. The Healthcare Acculturation Theory that emerged from this research elucidated Koreans’ healthcare adapting process and provided insights into their health-seeking behaviours in New Zealand. Koreans’ health-seeking behaviours were largely categorised into four positions: “rejecting”, “attuning”, “attuning but negotiating”, and “rejecting but negotiating”. They were found to be in one of the four positions at any one point in time and each position reflected their responses toward the New Zealand healthcare system. Once a specific position was held, their healthcare decisions and behaviours were directed by the said position. As their healthcare experiences were ongoing, their chosen positions were not end-outcomes in themselves. When their existing perceptions and behaviours were challenged by new experiences their healthcare positions transitioned or reinforced, and these changes informed the Healthcare Acculturation Theory. When Korean immigrants, who came from a commercially driven healthcare system, experienced healthcare (emergency care rather than elective) at the public services in New Zealand they were deeply touched. The healthcare they received was caring, empathetic, and responsive care delivered in a person-centred way that they had never experienced before. This experience rendered a turning point in their healthcare adapting process. Participants who reached such a point experienced transitions, not only in their healthcare positions, but in their life beliefs and values as well, which went far beyond simply a shifting perspective but can be likened more to a “conversion”. It was conversion to a new understanding. This research articulates the major contributing factor to immigrants’ acceptance of healthcare, which was receiving care that Koreans perceived as “altruistic”. It is related to the ambience of health services that resulted in sincere and empathetic care, rather than the barriers to healthcare that immigrants face in the host country. This thesis makes an important contribution to the existing body of knowledge on acculturation demonstrating new knowledge and a theoretical understanding of health-seeking behaviour, in the development of a substantive theory based on the experiences of Korean immigrants in New Zealand.</p>

Acculturation in the Inheritance Law of the Dayak Ngaju community

The Dayak community, as an agrarian community, respects and upholds the noble values of their ancestors. These values strongly affect their social and cultural system, including the customs and traditions of inheritance settlement. This research is descriptive-analytic using a phenomenology approach. The aim is to identify the uniqueness of the traditional heritage of the Dayak Ngaju tribe in Palangka Raya through the perspective of acculturation theory of culture and law. The study shows that the acculturation model that occurs in Palangka Raya is an adjustment model, in which the process of adjustment and adaptation of one culture to other cultures occurs without forming a new culture. In addition, this study also finds that the community kinship system also influences the application of inheritance law among the Ngaju Dayak indigenous people, Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan.

A Qualitative Investigation of Leisure Engagement and Health Benefits Among North Korean Adolescent Refugees

The purpose of this study was to investigate the leisure behaviors of adolescent defectors from North to South Korea and the mental health benefits they derive from leisure participation, a topic not previously addressed in the literature. Semistructured, in-depth interviews were conducted with 17 participants. Qualitative analysis based on acculturation theory revealed three salient themes of leisure benefits: (a) creating a sense of belonging, (b) increasing psychological well-being, and (c) facilitating acculturation. The results indicate that participants gained social and psychological benefits through leisure activities. They also suggest that the provision of recreation programs that encourage inter/intragroup participation can be an important component of these young refugees’ cultural and social adjustment.

Revisiting the Integration Hypothesis: Correlational and Longitudinal Meta-Analyses Demonstrate the Limited Role of Acculturation for Cross-Cultural Adaptation

When moving to a new country or living in that country as ethnic-minority-group members, individuals have to relate to different cultural spheres. Scholars and practitioners commonly agree that how people acculturate influences their psychological and sociocultural adaptation. Integration (or biculturalism), which involves engagement in both one’s heritage culture and the dominant mainstream culture, is considered the most beneficial acculturation strategy. But how robust is the evidence for the role of acculturation in adaptation? Here, we present a reanalysis of a previous meta-analysis of mostly correlational studies ( k = 83, N = 23,197) and a new meta-analysis of exclusively longitudinal studies ( k = 19, N = 6,791). Results show that the correlational link between acculturation and adaptation is much weaker than previously assumed and that longitudinal evidence is minuscule at best. Our findings suggest that empirical support is still lacking for the most basic premises of acculturation theory.

Acculturation as an Instrument for Minimalization of Security Risks resulting From Immigration

The paper focuses on various concepts deepening the term of „security“, on the Copenhagen school concept of societal sector of security, but also human security and the application of the acculturation theory. Human security is a concept, in which the deepening of contents of the term „security“ goes from a macro-level to a micro-level. The traditional concept of security takes into account only the state level and understands threats only to the state in itself, whereas human security redirects the attention towards the individual people. Societal sector, on the other hand, speaks of non-military threats to society and deepens the security concept even further. Based on the assumption, that the extent of risks to the receiving state depends on the effectiveness of incorporation of immigrants, the goal of the article is to apply the acculturation to the process of incorporation of immigrants into the majority population in order to minimize the negative impacts stemming from immigration.

Understanding Korean Immigrants and Major League Baseball Fandom

Currently, there are more than 40 million immigrants in the United States, and immigrant sports consumers have been considered a significant niche market in the sport industry. In particular, Major League Baseball (MLB) teams have realized that Korean immigrants, along with Japanese immigrants, are among the most attractive Asian immigrant MLB markets in the U.S., because of their large populations in the U.S. and the popularity of baseball in their native countries (Kim & Jeon, 2008). However, there has been limited research regarding Asian immigrants’ team identification with MLB teams. The theoretical framework of this study is drawn from acculturation theory (Berry, 1997) and social identity theory (Tajfel, 1982). Berry defines acculturation as “the general processes and outcomes (both cultural and psychological) of intercultural contact” (Berry, p. 8). Acculturation theory has been widely used to explain the adaptation patterns of immigrants to a new society. This theory further explains not only how immigrants evolve in new cultural contexts resulting from migration, but also how they retain their original cultural contexts and beliefs while in their new society (Berry, 1997). According to Berry (1980), there are four types of acculturation strategies: integration, assimilation, separation, and marginalization. These four acculturation strategies differ according to immigrants’ efforts to adapt to new cultural contexts as well as the extent of their relationships with their new as well as with their old societies. Social identity theory (Tajfel, 1982) is a useful theoretical framework for team identification. Social identity is defined as “the part of the individual’s self-concept which derives from their knowledge of their membership in a social group together with the value and emotional significance attached to that membership (p.2)”. Team identification research has been developed based on social identity theory and identity theory (Kwon, Trail, & James, 2007). Team identification is an extension of self-identity that results from a sports fan’s psychological connection to a team (Fink, Trail, & Anderson, 2002). The purpose of this study is to understand the Major League Baseball fandom of Korean immigrants by exploring factors associated with recent Korean immigrants’ team identification with MLB teams in the U.S.

Balet Rusia À La Indonesia: Sebuah Akulturasi Dalam Tari Kabaret Baliano Karya Rusdy Rukmarata

This study discusses about the Russian ballet which is acculturated with the Nusantara culture in Indonesia. This research uses acculturation theory by Readfiled, Linton, and Herskovits in The Cambridge Handbook of Acculturation Psychology (2006). The purpose of this study is to identify how acculturation occurs in Russian ballet with Indonesian traditional dances and what influences it. This study uses a qualitative method that uses the literature study method, and is supported by interview techniques. The results of this study identified that acculturation occurs in one of the many works that combine Russian ballet with Nusantara dance and that experience can also affect the acculturation results of the work.

Acculturation, Pluralism, and Digital Social Advocacy in Nonprofit Strategic Communications

This qualitative study investigates the use of acculturation-themed images in nonprofit strategic communications and digital advocacy efforts of 13 organizations serving Hispanic and Latinx immigrant communities in two U.S. states. The study analyzes data from 14 in-depth interviews with the public relations and marketing communication professionals responsible for the website content and digital strategy for the organizations. Based on study findings, the authors argue that these nonprofits are using their websites in soft advocacy efforts to promote positive prototypes of the populations they serve to majority audiences and leverage the flexibility of social media for most of their digital advocacy efforts. This analysis applies acculturation theory to a study of digital social advocacy and extends the literature on nonprofit public relations and public interest communications.