Innovation and Management by Regional Rural Banks in Achieving the Dream of Financial Inclusion in India: Challenges and Prospects.

The Regional Rural Banks are government-owned, regionally based and rurally oriented financial institutions specialized in catering to the credit needs of the neglected and weaker sections of the society. In the recent past, RRBs have become a potent mediator for financial inclusion in rural areas. This paper summarizes the innovative methods used by the employees of these banks in deposit mobilizations, credit expansion and recovery of the loan. The primary purpose of the research is to find the problems faced by officials of these banks in marketing their services to the rural customer. The opinions of these bank officials regarding the above factors and the functioning of these banks and their impact on society have also been studied. For this purpose, a sample of 96 bank officials of Aryavart bank and Purvanchal Bank have been taken from the rural areas of Uttar Pradesh. Methodological tools of the research methods were Frequency and Chi-square test of independence which have been used to test the hypotheses developed in the study. The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves that the employees and staff of these two regional rural banks in the state are making their earnest effort to channelize the savings of rural people by mobilization of deposits by motivating them to deposit their surplus money in the regional rural banks. The bank officials are making efforts to extend credit facilities in rural areas to uplift the people economically. The bank officials are facing problems in deposit mobilization, and credit expansion in the rural areas of the state and they are managing these problems very efficiently. Some political interference was found in the functioning of these banks. In the opinion of these bank officials, the overall working of these regional rural banks is proper. The results of the research can be useful for policymakers in the government to understand the hurdles faced by regional rural banks in reaching to the poor and needy sections of the society. The insights from this paper can help the policymakers to craft innovative schemes which enable these banks to reach the most inaccessible customers in rural areas. Keywords Regional Rural Banks, deposit mobilizations, credit expansion, financial inclusion, loan recovery.

Achieving the Dream, Uncertain Futures: The Postbaccalaureate Decision-Making Process of Latinx Undocumented Students

This qualitative study examined the decision-making process of undocumented college students pursuing graduate degrees, and how their commitment to matriculate in higher education programs is shaped by a myriad of social, familial, financial, and institutional factors. This study drew on 2 years of ethnographic data from a sample of 20 undocumented graduate students. The authors used critical race theory and LatCrit in education as guiding frameworks. The findings revealed that family marginalization, guided pathways, and social activism inform student decisions to pursue graduate school. The article concluded with a discussion of implications and areas of future research on undocumented students pursuing a graduate education in a DACA context.

Pendidikan Karakter: Sebuah Visi Islam Rahmatan Lil Alamin

Islam constitutes the perfect and universal religion for a lifetime that has the vision of guiding human beings for better life. Islam is the religion that becomes a blessing for the whole universe. It is in line with the mission of Islamic teachings, which is to protect humans from all the forms of anarchy and injustice. At the level of values, Islam completely models kindness and noble morality as well as prohibits all bad behavior, violence, or cruelty. The dream of ideal morality in Islam is to build the world, in which both Muslims and non-Muslims live in justice, peace, love, and harmony. The dream of morality becomes the responsibility of all elements of society, particularly religious figures and intellectuals to catch moral messages of religion that are able to promote harmonious life in plurality. At this level, character education also possesses a pivotal role in achieving the dream of Islam so that Muslims have pluralistic mindset. As a result, Muslims understand the definition, characteristics, and mission of Islam so that they do not need to bring the name of Islam for the sake of individual, group, or political party. Likewise, there will be no more extreme views that demonstrate the name of Islam aimed at committing the actions of terrorism, in which Islam is regarded as the religion performing terrorism.

The Racial Landscape of the Drug War

This chapter provides insider accounts of how the War on Drugs impacted people of color. The racial disparities of the incarcerated population increased as working-class African American communities became impoverished ghettos. Constant police surveillance of minority neighborhoods and invasive oversight by detached judges and probation officers humiliated those entrapped by law enforcement and too poor to afford honest legal protection. Jammie speaks for those with less strength of character when she tells the judge, “How can you sit up there in suburbia and tell me how to live my life as a black woman in the ghetto?” As punitive responses to drug use became more severe, particularly for crack cocaine, extended families were engulfed in overwhelming debt as the criminal justice system demanded the accused pay for their own court, probation, and legal fees, and former prisoners were required to pay for their time behind bars and parole services. Older black baby boomers who remembered the hope of the Civil Rights Movement despaired of societal change as they sought solace in drugs. Racism through the “New Jim Crow” remained a lurking barrier to achieving the dream.