Commodification and care: An exploration of workforces’ experiences of care in private and public childcare systems from a feminist political theory of care perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 026101832199893
Author(s):  
Brooke Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Good Care ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Education And Care ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
System Requirements ◽  
Practice Care

Drawing on feminist care ethics and political theory (Engster and Hamington, 2015; Held, 2006; Noddings, 2015; Tronto, 2013), this paper examines how educators working in private (Ontario) and public (Denmark) childcare systems think about and practice care. Through interviews with pedagogues (Denmark) and early childhood educators (Ontario), linkages between the public/private positioning of care and the care experiences of educators are explored. The findings reveal differences in how educators think about and practice care in public and private systems. At the same time, notable similarities emerged in how educators resisted neoliberal system requirements. The findings illustrate the complexities of connecting good care practices to the systemic level without diminishing the importance of individual human agency in experiencing/practicing good care in Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC). Findings suggest that good care and commodification are both theoretically and practically at odds with each other, though neither absolutely precludes the other. Implications for policy makers, particularly relevant in the contemporary COVID context, are discussed.

Restructuring care: comparative policy developments

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Adamson
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Education ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Education And Care ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Uk

This chapter presents historical overviews of in-home childcare in Australia, the UK and Canada. It discusses the policy trajectories across these countries within the context of early childhood education and care policy and migration policy. Particular attention is given to debates about how childcare policies and funding positioned home-based care arrangements – in both the caregiver and child’s home – across the public, private, informal and formal domains. In all three countries similar debates took place regarding the role of care versus education across the public and private, and formal and informal spheres. Dominant ideas about the care of young children being the responsibility of the family hindered the success of advocacy efforts, particularly by the feminist movement, for regulated, centre-based early childhood education and care. However, by looking at the details of the debates, pressures and actors through the lens of in-home childcare, contrasting attitudes are revealed.

scholarly journals Evaluating the impact of the nationwide public–private mix (PPM) program for tuberculosis under National Health Insurance in South Korea: A difference in differences analysis

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. e1003717
Author(s):  
Sarah Yu ◽  
Hojoon Sohn ◽  
Hae-Young Kim ◽  
Hyunwoo Kim ◽  
Kyung-Hyun Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Tb Control ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Public Private Mix

Background Public–private mix (PPM) programs on tuberculosis (TB) have a critical role in engaging and integrating the private sector into the national TB control efforts in order to meet the End TB Strategy targets. South Korea’s PPM program can provide important insights on the long-term impact and policy gaps in the development and expansion of PPM as a nationwide program. Methods and findings Healthcare is privatized in South Korea, and a majority (80.3% in 2009) of TB patients sought care in the private sector. Since 2009, South Korea has rapidly expanded its PPM program coverage under the National Health Insurance (NHI) scheme as a formal national program with dedicated PPM nurses managing TB patients in both the private and public sectors. Using the difference in differences (DID) analytic framework, we compared relative changes in TB treatment outcomes—treatment success (TS) and loss to follow-up (LTFU)—in the private and public sector between the 2009 and 2014 TB patient cohorts. Propensity score matching (PSM) using the kernel method was done to adjust for imbalances in the covariates between the 2 population cohorts. The 2009 cohort included 6,195 (63.0% male, 37.0% female; mean age: 42.1) and 27,396 (56.1% male, 43.9% female; mean age: 45.7) TB patients in the public and private sectors, respectively. The 2014 cohort included 2,803 (63.2% male, 36.8% female; mean age: 50.1) and 29,988 (56.5% male, 43.5% female; mean age: 54.7) patients. In both the private and public sectors, the proportion of patients with transfer history decreased (public: 23.8% to 21.7% and private: 20.8% to 17.6%), and bacteriological confirmed disease increased (public: 48.9% to 62.3% and private: 48.8% to 58.1%) in 2014 compared to 2009. After expanding nationwide PPM, absolute TS rates improved by 9.10% (87.5% to 93.4%) and by 13.6% (from 70.3% to 83.9%) in the public and private sectors. Relative to the public, the private saw 4.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.9% to 5.3%, p-value < 0.001) and −8.7% (95% CI −9.7% to −7.7%, p-value <0.001) higher rates of improvement in TS and reduction in LTFU. Treatment outcomes did not improve in patients who experienced at least 1 transfer during their TB treatment. Study limitations include non-longitudinal nature of our original dataset, inability to assess the regional disparities, and verify PPM program’s impact on TB mortality. Conclusions We found that the nationwide scale-up of the PPM program was associated with improvements in TB treatment outcomes in the private sector in South Korea. Centralized financial governance and regulatory mechanisms were integral in facilitating the integration of highly diverse South Korean private sector into the national TB control program and scaling up of the PPM intervention nationwide. However, TB care gaps continued to exist for patients who transferred at least once during their treatment. These programmatic gaps may be improved through reducing administrative hurdles and making programmatic amendments that can help facilitate management TB patients between institutions and healthcare sectors, as well as across administrative regions.

scholarly journals Children’s Perspective of Game: A Comparison of the Public and Private Schools

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Nevin Gündüz ◽  
Tuğçe Taşpinar ◽  
Nurdan Demiş
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Good Time ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Competitive Games

The purpose of this research is to determine what the game means from the perspectives of children studying at public and private schools. Four questionnaires were applied to all the third grade parents of four schools; two public and two private schools in Ankara, and questionnaires were completed and sent back by 212 parents. A total of 32 volunteer students from four schools, 4 girls and 4 boys, who were determined according to the results of parents surveys consist of our student research group. Qualitative data were obtained by semi-structured interview technique. Content analysis technique was used for qualitative data and six main themes were created.As a result, children at private and public schools have described as ‘’the meaning of the play’’ theme, as ‘’having fun, being happy, having a good time with friends, ’learning new rules, being healthy and doing sports’’. In the research, they also stated that they play game types such as ’’rope, hide, hide and seek’’ which do not require materials in public schools while they indicated they play games such as ‘’ball, dart, taboo and technological games’’ in private schools. Children indicated that they play at school competitive games prepared by teachers in physical activities lessons. It is concluded that, there is not too much change in the meaning of the game in terms of children who study at private and public schools. Children’s type of game and materials especially change for both girls and boys and schools. Although there are purpose of "enjoy" for both of the two groups, but materials and games that used and played are different.

Understanding Private and Public Partnerships

2018 ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
Luke Strongman
Keyword(s):  
Public Management ◽  
New Public Management ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
New Public ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Public And Private Partnerships ◽  
Second World

New public management organisations tend to import managerial processes and behaviour from the private sector, and have been doing so in the post-Keynsian era. Increasingly those economies that were nationalised for large collective rebuilding programs after the Second World War were being deregulated and new models of management based on private enterprise and monetary accountability became the norm. This chapter provides an overview and contextual commentary on the origins of the public and private, the current era of public management, describes the characteristics of public and private partnerships; the factors of partnership performance, the characteristics of success and limitations, and concludes with a contextual discussion of Public and Private Partnerships.

Yelling ‘Fire’ in a Crowded Occupation: Cynical Fire Hazard Claims and the Technocratic Containment of Dissent

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-573
Author(s):  
Honor Brabazon
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Uk

While the privatisation of public space has been the subject of considerable research, literature exploring the shifting boundaries between public and private law, and the role of those shifts in the expansion of neo-liberal social relations, has been slower to develop. This article explores the use of fire safety regulations to evict political occupations in the context of these shifts. Two examples from the UK student occupation movement and two from the US Occupy movement demonstrate how discourses and logics of both private and public law are mobilised through fire hazard claims to create the potent image of a neutral containment of dissent on technical grounds in the public interest – an image that proves difficult to contest. However, the recourse to the public interest and to expert opinion that underpins fire hazard claims is inconsistent with principles governing the limited neo-liberal political sphere, which underscores the pragmatic and continually negotiated implementation of neo-liberal ideas. The article sheds light on the complexity of the extending reach of private law, on the resilience of the public sphere and on the significance of occupations as a battleground on which struggles over neo-liberal social relations and subjectivities play out.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING REPORTED HOUSING MAINTENANCE COSTS IN SWEDEN’S PUBLIC AND PRIVATE RENTAL SECTORS

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Gonza MUYINGO
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Rental Housing ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Rental Housing ◽  
Private And Public

The reported maintenance costs per unit area within the public rental housing sector in Sweden are consistently higher than those within the private rental sector. This paper uses crosssectional panel data analysis as well as a questionnaire survey sent to 196 managers in the private and public housing sectors to identify the factors that might explain this divergence. The findings indicate that “fundamental” factors such as the age of the houses or the composition of the tenants cannot explain the observed difference. However how the activities are classified and the timing of the measures are factors that can. The conclusions from the study are that the public companies should act more as the private sector in their accounting; wait longer than they currently do before carrying out some renovations; and that they should be more stringent when determining the resources to spend on large-scale maintenance and/or renovation projects.

scholarly journals Memorialisation during COVID-19: implications for the bereaved, service providers and policy makers

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 263235242098045
Author(s):  
Jennifer Lowe ◽  
Bruce Rumbold ◽  
Samar M. Aoun
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
International Media ◽  
The Public ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
Body Preparation

Background: The aim of this rapid perspective review is to capture key changes to memorialisation practices resulting from social distancing rules implemented due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Method: As published peer-reviewed research pertaining to memorialisation practices during the COVID-19 pandemic is lacking, this rapid review includes academic literature from the pre-COVID-19 period and international media reports during the pandemic. Findings: Changes to memorialisation practices were under way before COVID-19, as consumer preferences shifted towards secularisation and personalisation of ritual and ceremony. However, several key changes to memorialisation practices connected with body preparation, funerals, cremation, burials and rituals have taken place as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Discussion: Although boundaries between public and private memorialisation practices were already blurred, the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated this process. Without access to public memorialisation, practices are increasingly private in nature. A number of implications are considered for the bereaved, service providers and policy makers. Conclusion: Forms of memorialisation and bereavement support emerging during the pandemic that blend the public and the private are likely to persist in a post-pandemic world.

scholarly journals Work as a central life interest for legal professionals

2005 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Genis ◽  
Taryn Wallis
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Law Firms ◽  
Work Centrality ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Legal Professionals ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Sector Employees ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Two Sectors

Dubin’s theory of Central Life Interests (CLIs) was used to investigate whether work is a CLI for legal professionals in South Africa. The research also served as a comparative exploration between the public and private sectors based on their work centrality and work orientation. 59 employees from three public sector organisations and 27 employees from various private sector law firms completed questionnaires. Contrary to Dubin’s theory, results indicated that two-thirds of respondents did not have work as a CLI. Also, contrary to previous work on private and public sector employees, some interesting similarities emerged between the two sectors. Opsomming Dubin (1992) se teorie van Sentrale Lewensbelangstellings was gebruik om te ondersoek of werk ’n sentrale lewensbelangstelling is vir individue in die Suid-Afrikaanse regsprofessie. Die navorsing was ook ’n vergelykende ondersoek tussen die publieke en privaat sektore met betrekking tot hul werk sentraliteit en werk orientasie. 59 werknemers van drie publieke organisasies en 27 werknemers van verskeie privaat firmas het vraelyse beantwoord. Teenstellig met Dubin se teorie het resultate gewys dat vir twee-derdes van die deelnemers werk nie ’n sentrale lewensbelangstelling was nie. Daar was ook interessante resultate wat te voorskyn gekom het, wat teenstrydig was met vorige navorsing op werknemers in die privaat en publieke sektore.

scholarly journals FEASIBILITY STUDY OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP / VIEŠOJO IR PRIVAČIOJO SEKTORIŲ PARTNERYSTĖS GALIMYBIŲ ANALIZĖ

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ieva Meidutė ◽  
Narimantas Kazimieras Paliulis
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Public Infrastructure ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Dispute Settlement Procedure

Public-private partnership may cover various forms of partnership, viz. as the property of the private sector in the state of municipal activities or information and consultations between the public and private sectors, also as an unconventional method of public procurement when the public and private sectors enter into a long-term contract on the establishment of public infrastructure or the provision of public services. The most important thing in implementing PPP projects is to properly draw up the contract between the public and private partners, which should explicitly state all terms and conditions, undertakings and liabilities, evaluate risks, determine the payment mechanism and dispute settlement procedure, etc. In order to reduce any risk associated with such projects, a proper legal framework should be developed, which would provide liabilities and undertakings of both parties of the project (the private and public sectors), and more information should be disbursed as to how such projects are being implemented, what the structures of financing are, and what the benefit of such projects is. Santrauka Viešojo ir privačiojo sektorių partnerystė gali apimti įvairias partnerystės formas: kaip privačiojo sektoriaus nuosavybė valstybės ar savivaldybių veikloje ar informavimas ir konsultavimas tarp viešojo ir privačiojo sektorių, taip pat kaip netradicinis viešujų pirkimų būdas, kai sudaroma ilgalaikė sutartis tarp viešojo ir privačiojo sektorių dėl viešosios infrastruktūros sukūrimo ar viešųjų paslaugų teikimo. Vykdant VPP projektus būtina tinkamai parengti sutartį tarp viešojo ir privataus partnerio, kurioje turi būti vienareikšmiškai apibrėžtos visos sąlygos, įsipareigojimai, atsakomybė, įvertintos rizikos, atsiskaitymo mechanizmas, konfliktų sprendimo tvarka ir t. t. Siekiant sumažinti bet kokią su tokiais projektais susijusią riziką, reikia suformuoti tinkamą teisinę bazę, kuri numatytų abiejų projekto šalių - tiek privačiojo, tiek valstybinio sektoriaus - atsakomybes ir įsipareigojimus, bei teikti daugiau informacijos, kaip tokie projektai vykdomi, kokios finansavimo struktūros, kokia gaunama nauda.

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