scholarly journals Alopecia Scoring: The Quantitative Assessment of Hair Loss in Captive Macaques

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Honess ◽  
Jessica L. Gimpel ◽  
Sarah E. Wolfensohn ◽  
Georgia J. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Interobserver Reliability ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Hair Pulling ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Laboratory Rodents ◽  
Research Facilities

Many captive animals show forms of pelage loss that are absent in wild or free-living con-specifics, which result from grooming or plucking behaviours directed at themselves or at other individuals. For instance, dorsal hair loss in primates such as rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta) in research facilities, results from excessive hair-pulling or over-grooming by cage-mates. This behaviour appears to be associated with stress, and is controllable to some extent with environmental enrichment. Quantifying alopecia in primates (as in many species) is therefore potentially useful for welfare assessment. A simple system for scoring alopecia was developed and its reliability was tested. Study 1 showed high interobserver reliability between two independent scorers in assessing the state of monkeys’ coats from photographs. Study 2 showed that there were no significant differences between the scores derived from photographs and from direct observations. Thus, where hair loss due to hair pulling exists in captive primates, this scoring system provides an easy, rapid, and validated quantitative method, for use in assessing the success of attempts to reduce it via improved husbandry. In the future, such scoring systems might also prove useful for quantifying barbering in laboratory rodents.

Phenomenology and Epidemiology of Trichotillomania

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel R. Chamberlain
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Hair Pulling ◽  
Affect Dysregulation ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive

Trichotillomania is a psychiatric disorder characterized by recurrent hair pulling, leading to hair loss and functional impairment. This chapter reviews the phenomenology and epidemiology of trichotillomania, and considers its relationship with putative obsessive-compulsive spectrum conditions and other body-focused repetitive behaviors. Salient animal models of the disorder, along with findings in human patients using neuroimaging and cognitive probes, are summarized. A brain-based model of trichotillomania is formulated, focusing on affect dysregulation, addiction, and impulse dyscontrol. Finally, the chapter flags cardinal questions for the attention of future clinical and research scrutiny.

scholarly journals Hair loss in an infant presenting with failure to thrive

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 2050313X2110202
Author(s):  
Baninder Kaur Baidwan ◽  
Cara J Haberman
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Failure To Thrive ◽  
Filling Defect ◽  
Parental Report ◽  
Hair Pulling ◽  
Food Material ◽  
Gastric Bezoar ◽  
Gastric Lumen ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

An 11-month-old male child with a complex past medical history presented for admission due to failure to thrive. He had hair loss throughout his scalp, and his abdomen was distended. There was parental report of hair pulling and hair in his stool. An upper gastrointestinal (GI) radiograph with fluoroscopy was performed and showed a filling defect in the gastric lumen. On endoscopy, he was found to have a gastric bezoar consisting of hair, nail, and food material. The trichobezoar was removed, and he began to tolerate feeds and showed consistent weight gain. There were no recurrence of symptoms 8 months following removal. While inadequate caloric intake is a common reason for failure to thrive, mechanical obstruction from a trichobezoar as a cause is rare and to our knowledge has not been reported in a child this young.

Trichotillomania

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Lochner ◽  
Dan Stein ◽  
Eileen Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Hair Pulling ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Common Disorder ◽  
Clinical Phenomenology ◽  
Hair Pulling Disorder

Trichotillomania (hair pulling disorder [HPD]) is a common disorder affecting mostly women that is often underreported and underrecognized. This condition involves repetitive hair pulling resulting in hair loss with repeated unsuccessful attempts to control or stop the pulling behavior. Individuals usually attempt to conceal or camouflage the hair loss. Clinical phenomenology, neurobiology, and genetic underpinning suggest associations between obsessive-compulsive disorder and HPD. This review contains 1 table, and 19 references. Key words: hair loss, hair pulling, obsessive-compulsive and related disorder, trichotillomania

A Good Life for Laboratory Rodents?

ILAR Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Joanna Makowska ◽  
Daniel M Weary
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Good Life ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Active Engagement ◽  
Behavioral Repertoire ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Laboratory Rodents ◽  
Patient Model ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Free Ranging

Abstract Most would agree that animals in research should be spared “unnecessary” harm, pain, or distress, and there is also growing interest in providing animals with some form of environmental enrichment. But is this the standard of care that we should aspire to? We argue that we need to work towards a higher standard—specifically, that providing research animals with a “good life” should be a prerequisite for their use. The aims of this paper are to illustrate our vision of a “good life” for laboratory rats and mice and to provide a roadmap for achieving this vision. We recognize that several research procedures are clearly incompatible with a good life but describe here what we consider to be the minimum day-to-day living conditions to be met when using rodents in research. A good life requires that animals can express a rich behavioral repertoire, use their abilities, and fulfill their potential through active engagement with their environment. In the first section, we describe how animals could be housed for these requirements to be fulfilled, from simple modifications to standard housing through to better cage designs and free-ranging options. In the second section, we review the types of interactions with laboratory rodents that are compatible with a good life. In the third section, we address the potential for the animals to have a life outside of research, including the use of pets in clinical trials (the animal-as-patient model) and the adoption of research animals to new homes when they are no longer needed in research. We conclude with a few suggestions for achieving our vision.

Environmental Enrichment for Laboratory Rodents

ILAR Journal ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Hutchinson ◽  
A. Avery ◽  
S. VandeWoude
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Laboratory Rodents

Intraobserver and interobserver reliability of mud scoring systems for use in cattle at slaughter

Meat Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 108354
Author(s):  
Sage Mijares ◽  
Melissa Davis ◽  
Jason Ahola ◽  
Libby Bigler ◽  
Terry Engle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interobserver Reliability ◽  
Scoring Systems

scholarly journals Environmental Enrichment for Caged Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta): Photographic Documentation and Literature Review

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor REINHARDT ◽  
Annie REINHARDT ◽  
Katsura NAKAYAMA ◽  
Yoshikazu UENO ◽  
Masaki TOMONAGA
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Photographic Documentation

scholarly journals Heavy metal content in environmental enrichment used for laboratory rodents

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Piotr Ochniewicz ◽  
Piotr Garnuszek ◽  
Urszula Karczmarczyk ◽  
Ewa Laszuk ◽  
Łukasz Sochaczewski
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
Laboratory Rodents

scholarly journals Trichotillomania associated with a 25-hydroxy vitamin D deficiency: A case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Erika Titus-Lay ◽  
Tony Joseph Eid ◽  
Tiffany-Jade Kreys ◽  
Bo Xuan Joshua Chu ◽  
Ashim Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Massachusetts General Hospital ◽  
Hair Pulling ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Abstract Vitamin D deficiency has been correlated with non-scarring alopecia including alopecia areata or female pattern hair loss. It was theorized that hair loss secondary to vitamin D deficiency in patients susceptible to trichotillomania may exacerbate this obsessive-compulsive disorder. Though vitamin D deficiency is common, especially among patients suffering from neuropsychiatric disorders, its correlation with trichotillomania is not well reported. Two female patients suffering from trichotillomania defined by noticeable hair loss on the scalp through the Massachusetts General Hospital Hair Pulling Scale were treated to promote hair growth. Treatment included dietary supplementation with vitamin D3 1000 IU every day. It was found that in both patients treated with vitamin D3, marked improvements occurred over the span of 3 to 4 months. These included a reduction in obsessive compulsive disorder related hair loss as measured using the Massachusetts General Hospital Hair Pulling Scale, which correlated to their serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. Experimental and clinical evidence is available to explain the underlying physiology and its probable relationship to trichotillomania's pathophysiology.

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