Is joint physical custody in the best interests of the child? Parent–child relationships and custodial arrangements

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 3752-3772
Author(s):  
Kim Bastaits ◽  
Inge Pasteels
Keyword(s):  
Best Interests ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Sole Custody ◽  
Joint Physical Custody ◽  
Parent Child Relationships ◽  
Maternal Custody ◽  
Physical Custody ◽  
Parent Child

When thinking about custodial arrangements after a divorce, there has been a shift from sole custody (mainly by mothers) to joint physical custody after a divorce. In certain countries, joint physical custody has even become the primary, legal custodial arrangement. Joint physical custody, whether implemented in legislation or not, is believed to be in the best interests of the child, as children can shape a postdivorce relationship with both their mother and father. Nevertheless, many studies on joint physical custody focus only on child outcomes. This study aims to investigate (1) whether custodial arrangements matter in addition to the parental divorce for parent–child relationships and (2) whether joint physical custody provides a better framework for parent–child relationships than sole custody arrangements. The study adds to the existing literature by including both the mother–child relationship and the father–child relationship. Moreover, joint physical custody is not only compared to sole maternal custody, but also to sole paternal custody. Using a dyadic subsample of Belgian parents and children from the Divorce in Flanders data set ( N = 623), we compare two indicators of the parent–child relationship (parent–child communication and parenting) for children with married parents, with children in joint physical custody, sole maternal custody, and sole paternal custody. The results indicate that (1) the custodial arrangements after divorce affect parent–child relationships, in addition to the divorce, with regard to both open and problematic father–child communications and the support and control of children by mothers and fathers; and (2) joint physical custody, compared with sole custody (either by the mother or father), provides a better framework to shape a postdivorce parent–child relationship with both parents in terms of open communications and support.

Verblijfsregelingen en welbevinden van kinderen : Verschillen naar gezinskenmerken

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
An Katrien Sodermans ◽  
Sofie Vanassche ◽  
Koen Matthijs
Keyword(s):  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
The Family ◽  
Sole Custody ◽  
Joint Physical Custody ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Physical Custody ◽  
Parent Child ◽  
Custody Arrangements

Sinds 2006 werd het verblijfsco‐ouderschap na scheiding als voorkeursregeling opgenomen in de Belgische wet.Buitenlands onderzoek toonde aan dat kinderen doorgaans een hoger welbevinden vertonen in verblijfsco‐ouderschap dan in een eenouderverblijf. Deze studie onderzocht de relatie tussen de verblijfsregeling van 707Vlaamse kinderen tussen 10 en 21 jaar oud en hun subjectief welbevinden. Daarbij werd ook de rol van drie ge‐zinskenmerken bestudeerd: ouderlijk conflict, de ouder‐kindrelatie en de aanwezigheid van stiefouders. De datavan het ‘Scheiding in Vlaanderen’ onderzoek werden gebruikt. Er waren geen verschillen in subjectief welbevin‐den naargelang de verblijfsregeling van kinderen, onder controle van socio‐economische en demografische ach‐tergrondkenmerken. Bovendien was er geen modererende invloed van de drie gezinskenmerken op de relatietussen verblijfsregeling en subjectief welbevinden. Verblijfsco‐ouderschap lijkt een betere relatie tussen het kinden beide ouders te faciliteren in vergelijking met een eenouderverblijf. In verblijfsco‐ouderschap is er gemiddeldgenomen iets meer ouderlijk conflict dan in een eenouderverblijf, maar dit blijft beperkt tot een niveau dat nietschadelijk is voor het welbevinden. Abstract : Since 2006, a legal recommendation for joint physical custody in included in the Belgian custody law.Earlier research showed that children in joint physical custody have in general better outcomes thanchildren in sole custody arrangements. This study examines the association between joint physicalcustody and adolescent wellbeing and whether this relationship is conditioned by the degree of pa‐rental conflict, the quality of the parent‐child relationship and the complexity of the family configura‐tion of mother and father. We use from the Divorce in Flanders survey, and we have information on707 children between 10 and 21 years old with divorced parents. Overall, the subjective wellbeing ofchildren in joint physical custody was similar to that of children in other custody arrangements. Wefound no support for moderating effects of parental conflict, quality of the relationship with motherand father, and the presence of a new partner in the parental households. Joint physical custodyseems to facilitate a better parent‐child relationship with both parents when compared to sole cus‐tody. In joint physical custody, parents have more occasional conflicts, but this is limited to a levelthat is not harmful for children.

scholarly journals Joint physical custody, parent–child relationships, and children’s psychosomatic problems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Augustijn
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Psychosomatic Complaints ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Psychosomatic Problems ◽  
Joint Physical Custody ◽  
Mother Child Relationship ◽  
Parent Child Relationships ◽  
Physical Custody ◽  
Parent Child ◽  
Custody Arrangements

Abstract Aim The prevalence of psychosomatic complaints among children and adolescents appears to be increasing. At the same time, the numbers of joint physical custody families are rising across Western countries. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between post-separation care arrangements (joint physical custody vs. sole physical custody) and children’s risks of psychosomatic problems, while considering the potential mediating role of parent–child relationships. Subject and methods Based on data from the Family Models in Germany (FAMOD) study, stepwise linear regression models and seemingly unrelated regression models were estimated for a sample of 473 children aged seven to 14 living in either sole physical custody or joint physical custody families. Results Children in joint physical custody families reported significantly fewer psychosomatic problems than children in sole physical custody families. Furthermore, living in a joint physical custody arrangement was associated with better parent–child relationships, although only the mother–child relationship was significantly related to children’s psychosomatic complaints, and partially mediated the association between physical custody arrangements and children’s psychosomatic complaints. No corresponding association could be found with respect to the father–child relationship. Conclusion The risk of psychosomatic problems was distributed unequally among post-separation families, as children living in joint physical custody arrangements suffered from fewer psychosomatic problems than children living in sole physical custody arrangements. Because part of this association was explained by the quality of the mother–child relationship, children’s relationships with other family members appear to be important factors to consider when seeking to promote children’s health in post-separation care arrangements.

scholarly journals Child Parent Relationship Training (CPRT): Enhancing Parent-child Relationships for Military Families

10.18060/1881 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Staci J. Jensen-Hart ◽  
Jeff Christensen ◽  
Lacey Dutka ◽  
J. Corey Leishman
Keyword(s):  
Parental Stress ◽  
Military Families ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Training Model ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Parent Relationship ◽  
Parent Child Relationships ◽  
Parent Child

Military families experience increased stress when facing issues of deployment, separation, and reunification. The increased stress impacts the parent-child relationship as well as child behavioral and emotional well-being. Although recognizing the resiliency of military families, research points to the need to monitor parental stress both pre- and post-deployment and highlights the inherent risks that separation and reunification pose for the parent-child relationship bond. This pilot study was designed to explore the effectiveness of the Child Parent Relationship Therapy (CPRT) Training Model as a proactive method of enhancing parent-child relationships, reducing parental stress, and preventing negative impact of military separations on children.

scholarly journals Positive valence bias and parent–child relationship security moderate the association between early institutional caregiving and internalizing symptoms

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 519-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle R. Vantieghem ◽  
Laurel Gabard-Durnam ◽  
Bonnie Goff ◽  
Jessica Flannery ◽  
Kathryn L. Humphreys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Institutional Care ◽  
Affective Processing ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Positive Valence ◽  
Parent Child Relationships ◽  
Parent Child

AbstractInstitutional caregiving is associated with significant deviations from species-expected caregiving, altering the normative sequence of attachment formation and placing children at risk for long-term emotional difficulties. However, little is known about factors that can promote resilience following early institutional caregiving. In the current study, we investigated how adaptations in affective processing (i.e., positive valence bias) and family-level protective factors (i.e., secure parent–child relationships) moderate risk for internalizing symptoms in previously institutionalized (PI) youth. Children and adolescents with and without a history of institutional care performed a laboratory-based affective processing task and self-reported measures of parent–child relationship security. PI youth were more likely than comparison youth to show positive valence biases when interpreting ambiguous facial expressions. Both positive valence bias and parent–child relationship security moderated the association between institutional care and parent-reported internalizing symptoms, such that greater positive valence bias and more secure parent–child relationships predicted fewer symptoms in PI youth. However, when both factors were tested concurrently, parent–child relationship security more strongly moderated the link between PI status and internalizing symptoms. These findings suggest that both individual-level adaptations in affective processing and family-level factors of secure parent–child relationships may ameliorate risk for internalizing psychopathology following early institutional caregiving.

TWO TREE DRAWING CONVENTIONS

1993 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 133-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER EADES ◽  
TAO LIN ◽  
XUEMIN LIN
Keyword(s):  
General Problem ◽  
Binary Trees ◽  
Minimum Size ◽  
Horizontal Line ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Textual Information ◽  
Polynomial Time Algorithms ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Parent Child Relationships ◽  
Parent Child

Rooted trees abound in computing and it is often necessary to draw them for visualization and documentation purposes. In the classical convention for tree drawing, the tree is drawn in a “level” fashion, with nodes (represented by boxes) at depth k lying on a horizontal line at a distance of k units below the root. The parent — child relationships are represented by lines between the boxes. Several algorithms have been developed for constructing a compact layout of a tree in the classical convention. In this paper we investigate algorithms for drawing trees according to two new conventions. In the inclusion convention, nodes are represented by boxes, and the parent — child relationship is represented by inclusion of one box in another. The tip-over convention again represents nodes as boxes, and, like the classical convention, represents the parent — child relationship by lines between the boxes; however, we allow siblings to be arranged vertically rather than horizontally. For many of the cases which arise in visualization of trees (for example, binary trees with textual information at the leaves) we present polynomial time algorithms. However, the general problem of finding minimum size layouts for either of the new conventions is shown to be NP-hard.

scholarly journals The Effect of Choice Theory-Based Group Training on Cognitive Emotion Regulation and Parent-Child Relationship in Male Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Behmanesh ◽  
Shirali Kheramine ◽  
Khosro Ramezani
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Group Training ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Cognitive Emotion Regulation ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Parent Child Relationships ◽  
Parent Child

Background and Purpose: Adolescence is considered as one of the most critical life periods since adolescents are being exposed to a variety of potential stimuli, whose inappropriate response to such stimuli would prevent their proper performance in society. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of choice theory-based group training on cognitive emotion regulation and parent-child relationships in male adolescents. Materials and Methods: The research method was experimental with a pretest-posttest-follow-up design and a control group. The statistical population included all male students of the senior -high school in Dogonbadan city in the academic year 2019. Using the multi-stage cluster sampling method, 30 samples were selected and randomly assigned into experimental and control groups (n=15 per group). The research instrument included the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) and The Parent-Child Relationship Survey. The reality therapy intervention was performed on the experimental group for ten 90-minute sessions. The follow-up was performed after 60 days. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was then used to analyze the data. Results: The participants included 30 male adolescents, aged between 15 and 17 years old. The research findings indicated that the choice theory-based group training was effective in promoting cognitive emotion regulation (F= 27.39, P= 0.0001) and parent-child relationship (F= 44.32, P= 0.0001). Also, their effects were sustainable until the follow-up period (P= 0.0001). Conclusion: Choice theory-based group training, as a therapeutic and clinical intervention, can be used as an appropriate and effective technique to promote cognitive emotion regulation and parent-child relationships among adolescents.

The Good Parent: Southern Italian Mothers’ Conceptualization of Good Parenting and Parent–Child Relationships

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 1583-1603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Grazia Lo Cricchio ◽  
Alida Lo Coco ◽  
Charissa S. L. Cheah ◽  
Francesca Liga
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Good Parent ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
And Control ◽  
Constant Comparative Analysis ◽  
Parent Child Relationships ◽  
Parent Child

Thirty mothers, ranging in age between 30 and 46 years, participated in seven focus groups aimed at analyzing perceptions and ideas of the characteristics of a good parent and parent–child relationship in southern Italy (Sicily). The discussions were transcribed and analyzed using the constant comparative analysis approach. Two major themes, discipline and affection, emerged from the discussions about the idea of a good parent, with seven further subthemes. In defining good parenting beliefs and practices, Sicilian mothers mostly believed that control, discipline, and demandingness were imperative and prioritized over warmth and responsiveness. Despite the importance given to demandingness, a good parent–child relationship was predominantly described as the result of a balance between love and control, mainly based on communication, confidence, and respect. Our findings were interpreted and discussed with consideration to the collectivistic and familistic nature of Sicilian society.

EMOTIONAL PROBLEMS IN CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1129-1135
Author(s):  
William S. Langford ◽  
Virginia N. Wilking ◽  
Elma Olson
Keyword(s):  
Child Behavior ◽  
Child Psychiatry ◽  
Parental Behavior ◽  
Emotional Problems ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Child Patient ◽  
Parent Child Relationships ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Parent Child

As emotional problems in children are closely rebated to disturbances in parent-child relationships, much of the discussion was focused around this aspect of the topic. Much of the pediatrician's activities with parents concerns itself with attempts to influence parent-child relationships for the benefit of the child patient. A great deal has been learned in child psychiatry about the management of untoward and destructive parental behavior. Much of this knowledge can be used by the pediatrician in his day by day practice. Although, some psychiatric techniques are not applicable in the practice of pediatrics, it is important for the pediatrician to understand his role and not to assume that he is or needs to be a psychiatrist in his attempts at solving difficulties which are presented to him. Psychiatry has learned some things of what the parent-child relationship shouldn't be. The question might then be raised, "What is a good one?" This can be defined as the capacity in the parent to meet with the child in all matters of day by day living without undue tensions, anxieties on preoccupations. Brenneman has pointed out that about 80% of the practice of pediatrics is in dealing with the parents and one most work through them in an effort to solve the child's problems. There is seldom a situation that involves only the child. It almost always involves the parents and their interaction with the child. Our understanding of many emotional problems has been furthered by our greater knowledge of child behavior and yet we are still too ready to categorize parents and especially mothers with such words as hovering, rejecting, cold, warm, etc., which have little real meaning in terms of understanding how they got that way.

Addressing Intergenerational Trauma With an Innovative Instrument and Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-271
Author(s):  
Sheila Sweeney
Keyword(s):  
Reflective Functioning ◽  
Well Being ◽  
African American Mothers ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Mental Experience ◽  
Parent Child Relationships ◽  
Parent Child

Parent–child relationships have been researched in many ways. This article describes a qualitative study using the concept of reflective functioning (defined by Slade as the parent's capacity to hold and reflect upon her own and her child's internal mental experience) as a framework. The study focused on understanding the experiences of early childhood adversities, social supports, and the reflective functioning capacity of 11 young adult African American mothers and their children in urban and suburban areas of Minnesota. Findings included that the participants did not perceive adversities as bad, but as part of a daily norm; they demonstrated that they have social support and know how to access it; and they showed the ability to reflect on their children's emotions and experiences as well as the parent–child relationship. Participants talked about transmitting good things to their children while simultaneously protecting them from negative experiences. Thus, parents were able to change patterns that could affect their children's well-being.

scholarly journals Supporting Positive Parenting and Promoting Healthy Living through Family Cooking Classes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4709
Author(s):  
Mette Kirstine Tørslev ◽  
Dicte Bjarup Thøgersen ◽  
Ane Høstgaard Bonde ◽  
Paul Bloch ◽  
Annemarie Varming
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Positive Parenting ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Parenting Support ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Cooking Classes ◽  
Parent Child Relationships ◽  
Parent Child

Background: The family is an important setting in the promotion of child health. The parent–child relationship affects the social and health development of children, and children’s healthy behaviors are associated with positive parenting strategies. The parent–child relationship is bi-directional and the connection between parenting and child health is complex. However, few parenting interventions work with parents and children together, and more knowledge is needed on how to develop and implement interventions promoting healthy parent–child relationships. Focusing on a family cooking class program, this study addresses how community initiatives engaging parents and children together can contribute to integrating parenting support with local health promotion. Methods: Participant-driven photo-elicited interviews (nine families), focus group evaluations (nine parents/14 children) and observations during cooking classes (10 classes) were applied to analyze the tools and mechanisms that can support positive parenting. Results: The study found that visual, practical and sensory learning techniques, applied in a context-sensitive learning environment that ensured guidance, safety and a friendly social atmosphere, contributed to positive parent–child interaction and bonding. Conclusion: The cooking program facilitated parenting practices that support child involvement and autonomy. Thus, the program constituted an effective intervention to strengthen parent–child relationships and positive parenting.

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