Meaning and function of dummy auxiliaries in adult acquisition of Dutch as an additional language

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Julien ◽  
Roeland van Hout ◽  
Ineke van de Craats
Keyword(s):  
Adult Learners ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Advanced Learners ◽  
Language Background ◽  
Proficiency Level ◽  
Trigger Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
Meaning And Function

This article presents the results of experimental data on language production and comprehension. These show that adult learners of Dutch as an additional language, with different language backgrounds, and a L2 proficiency below level A2 (Waystage) of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR; Council of Europe, 2001), use dummy auxiliaries as a structural device and interpret them as semantically vacuous. Proficiency level in the target language, more than language background, seems to determine the occurrence of dummy auxiliaries, and also which dummy auxiliary is used. Participants at a lower level of language acquisition use both dummy auxiliaries zijn (‘be’) and gaan (‘go’), whereas more advanced learners continue using predominantly dummy auxiliary gaan. These findings suggest that both dummy auxiliaries have a trigger function in setting the step from nonfinite utterances, to utterances with dummy auxiliaries carrying morphological information, and finally to utterances in which the morphological information is carried by the finite verb.

scholarly journals Food Name Translation Practice: A Case Study of Indonesian – English Menus

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Retno Wulandari Setyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Translation Studies ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Traditional Food ◽  
Translation Practice ◽  
The Common ◽  
Descriptive Translation Studies ◽  
Side Dishes ◽  
And Function ◽  
Meaning And Function

This paper analyzed the translation practice on chained hotel restaurant menus, especially on Indonesian traditional menu into English. The translation of food names requires translators to consider both the cultural associations embedded in the names, their meaning and function in the source language (SL) as well as the translatability of the terms in the target language (TL). Employing Descriptive Translation Studies, 33 Indonesian traditional food names from five hotel restaurants in Surabaya are analyzed in order to reveal the common practice of Indonesian traditional food name (SL) into English (TL). Out of 33 data, there are 21 traditional food name translation compared and elaborated using Descriptive Translation Studies approach. The translation procedures identified then are grouped based on Kwiecinski. The result indicated that exoticizing procedures only constitute of 9.5%, while rich explicatory procedures accounts for 61.9%. Further, recognized exoticism procedures was found in one data or 4.8%, and assimilative procedures are applied in five data or 23.8%. Thus, the most common practice in translating Indonesian traditional food names into English is mostly by describing the appearance of food completed by a list of side dishes and condiments. Thus, there is an attempt to generalize the unique feature of traditional food which may help target readers to recognize the food. However, the long information provided rarely explains the taste, and weights more into the serving appearance of the traditional food, reducing the potent of introducing the identity of Indonesian traditional food.

Topic prominence in L2 acquisition

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-164
Author(s):  
Zhiqi Gong
Keyword(s):  
Language Production ◽  
Task Type ◽  
Target Language ◽  
L2 Acquisition ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Story Retelling ◽  
Intermediate Group ◽  
Proficiency Level ◽  
Chinese Learning ◽  
Syntactic Relations

Abstract This study investigated the topic-prominent characteristics of the interlanguage development of native speakers of Chinese learning English as a foreign language (EFL). Two groups of Chinese EFL learners – an intermediate group and an advanced group – were recruited to complete two production tasks: a written Chinese-to-English translation task and an oral story-retelling task. The findings showed that Chinese EFL learners at each proficiency level transferred Chinese topic-prominent structures to their target language production at a varying degree. The topic-prominent constructions in the learners’ production, based on a hierarchy of difficulty, were placed on two slightly different Gradation Zones, one for written production and the other for oral production. Gradation Zones were a generalized reflection of how discourse and pragmatic relations in topic-prominent Chinese were gradually reanalyzed as syntactic relations with the development of learners’ English proficiency level. There was a tendency for topic-prominent features to decrease and subject-prominent features to increase as EFL learners’ proficiency level progressed. It was also argued that sources of these topic-prominent properties in interlanguage were an interaction of factors, including degree of markedness, perceptual saliency, second language (L2) input, and language production task type.

The Bastion of Christendom

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-304
Author(s):  
Orsolya Száraz
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Basic Hypothesis ◽  
And Function ◽  
The University ◽  
Meaning And Function

The Institute of Hungarian Literary and Cultural Studies at the University of Debrecen formed a research group in 2010 in order to launch the research of Hungarian realms of memory. This paper was written within the frameworks of the research group. Its basic hypothesis is that the identification of Hungary as the Bastion of Christendom is an established part of Hungarian collective memory. This paper attempts to demonstrate the changes of this realm of memory, regarding its meaning and function, from its formation up to the present day.

Demonstrative Nouns of INI and AINI in Muna Language

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
La Ode Sidu ◽  
La Ino ◽  
Nirmalasari
Keyword(s):  
A Minor ◽  
And Function ◽  
Meaning And Function ◽  
Reading Book ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

The article titled “Demonstrative Nouns of ini and aini in Muna Language.” The purpose of this article is to analyze the form, meaning, and function of ini and aini in Muna language. The method used is descriptive qualitative with distributional technique. This method is used to describe and analyze the form, meaning, and function of ini and aini. The results of the analysis found that the form of ini is a base or monomorpheme, while the form of aini is a derivative or polymorpheme which consists of morpheme a- and morpheme aini. In construction of phrase, clause, or sentence generally have the same meaning, namely ‘this’. For instance, O lambu ini damasoe and lambu aini damasoe the meaning is ‘The house will be sold.’ However, when it’s examined more closely, both forms of demonstrative ini and aini in distributional are not interchangeable. For instance, *O lambu aini damasoe dan *Lambu ini damasoe. Both of constructions are ungrammatical caused by form ini has a meaning ‘this’, while form aini means ‘which this’. The bound morpheme a- in aini has a function as a noun marker which pointed in article ini called relative noun marker. Thus, demonstrative aini can stand alone as a minor sentence in the answer sentence, e.g., Question: Hamai bokuku kabasa? ‘Where is my reading book?’ Answer: Aini! ‘This’ < (Here is it!). Demonstrative aini when substituted with ini, the construction became ungrammatical, e.g., Question: Hamai bokuku kabasa? ‘Where is my reading book?’ Answer: *ini. Hereafter, the form ini cannot be formed in more complexes, whereas the form aini can be formed again with another bound morpheme, such as: ainihakanau ‘This is me’, ainihako ‘This is you’, ainihakoomu ‘These are you’, ainihae ‘This is he’, ainihada ‘These are they’, and ainihakasami ‘These are we’.

The Art of Love Poetry

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Gray
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
Love Poetry ◽  
Erotic Love ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Function ◽  
Meaning And Function ◽  
Comprehensive History

Love begets poetry; poetry begets love. These two propositions have seemed evident to thinkers and poets across the Western literary tradition. Plato writes that “anyone that love touches instantly becomes a poet.” And even today, when poetry has largely disappeared from the mainstream of popular culture, it retains its romantic associations. But why should this be so—what are the connections between poetry and erotic love that lead us to associate them so strongly with one another? An examination of different theories of both love and poetry across the centuries reveals that the connection between them is not merely an accident of cultural history—the result of our having grown up hearing, or hearing about, love poetry—but something more intrinsic. Even as definitions of them have changed, the two phenomena have consistently been described in parallel terms. Love is characterized by paradox. Above all, it is both necessarily public, because interpersonal, and intensely private; hence it both requires expression and resists it. In poetry, especially lyric poetry, which features its own characteristic paradoxes and silences, love finds a natural outlet. This study considers both the theories and the love poems themselves, bringing together a wide range of examples from different eras in order to examine the major structures that love and poetry share. It does not aim to be a comprehensive history of Western love poetry, but an investigation into the meaning and function of recurrent tropes, forms, and images employed by poets to express and describe erotic love.

scholarly journals SALAT DALAM TRADISI ISLAM KEJAWEN

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Samidi Khalim
Keyword(s):  
And Function ◽  
Meaning And Function

Islam Kejawen here is meant as Islam as practiced in the Kingdom of Java. A reflection of Islam Kejawen can be seen in the works of literature written by the kingdom poets. This paper raises thoughts of Kraton Surakarta poet, Ngabehi Sastrawijaya, who lived during the reign of Paku Buwana III and Paku Buwana IV. The works of Sastrawijaya analyzed are Suluk Sajatining Salat and Suluk Salat Sarengat Tarekat Hakekat Makripat stored in the library of the Kingdom of Surakarta Museum, Museum Sasana Pustaka. This article analyzes the text to reveal both the meaning and function of the suluk for Islam Kejawen practice.

Assessing the L2 pragmatic awareness of non-native EFL teacher candidates: Is spotting a problem enough?

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-65
Author(s):  
Karen Glaser
Keyword(s):  
Language Learners ◽  
Teacher Candidates ◽  
Target Language ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Language Teacher Education ◽  
Advanced Learners ◽  
Efl Teacher ◽  
Pragmatic Awareness ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Research Gap

AbstractThe assessment of pragmatic skills in a foreign or second language (L2) is usually investigated with regard to language learners, but rarely with regard to non-native language instructors, who are simultaneously teachers and (advanced) learners of the L2. With regard to English as the target language, this is a true research gap, as nonnative English-speaking teachers (non-NESTs) constitute the majority of English teachers world-wide (Kamhi-Stein 2016). Addressing this research gap, this paper presents a modified replication of Bardovi-Harlig and Dörnyei’s (1998) renowned study on grammatical vs. pragmatic awareness, carried out with non-NEST candidates. While the original study asked the participants for a global indication of (in)appropriateness/ (in)correctness and to rate its severity, the participants in the present study were asked to identify the nature of the violation and to suggest a repair. Inspired by Pfingsthorn and Flöck (2017), the data was analyzed by means of Signal Detection Theory with regard to Hits, Misses, False Alarms and Correct Rejections to gain more detailed insights into the participants’ metalinguistic perceptions. In addition, the study investigated the rate of successful repairs, showing that correct problem identification cannot necessarily be equated with adequate repair abilities. Implications for research, language teaching and language teacher education are derived.

scholarly journals Bilingual advantage in early EFL pronunciation accuracy of German 4th-graders

2021 ◽  
pp. 136700692199681
Author(s):  
Teresa Kieseier
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Error Sources ◽  
Common Error ◽  
Language Background ◽  
Background Factors ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Error Types

Aims and Objectives: We compared speech accuracy and pronunciation patterns between early learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) with different language backgrounds. We asked (1) whether linguistic background predicts pronunciation outcomes, and (2) if error sources and substitution patterns differ between monolinguals and heterogeneous bilinguals. Methodology: Monolingual and bilingual 4th-graders ( N = 183) at German public primary schools participated in an English picture-naming task. We further collected linguistic, cognitive and social background measures to control for individual differences. Data and Analysis: Productions were transcribed and rated for accuracy and error types by three independent raters. We compared monolingual and bilingual pronunciation accuracy in a linear mixed-effects regression analysis controlling for background factors at the individual and institutional level. We further categorized all error types and compared their relative frequency as well as substitution patterns between different language groups. Findings: After background factors were controlled for, bilinguals (irrespective of specific L1) significantly outperformed their monolingual peers on overall pronunciation accuracy. Irrespective of language background, the most frequent error sources overlapped, affecting English sounds which are considered marked, are absent from the German phoneme inventory, or differ phonetically from a German equivalent. Originality: This study extends previous work on bilingual advantages in other domains of EFL to less researched phonological skills. It focuses on overall productive skills in young FL learners with limited proficiency and provides an overview over the most common error sources and substitution patterns in connection to language background. Significance/Implications: The study highlights that bilingual learners may deploy additional resources in the acquisition of target language phonology that should be addressed in the foreign language classroom.

Research on Reliability Evaluation Methods of Distribution System

2014 ◽  
Vol 672-674 ◽  
pp. 1441-1446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Qiang Ou ◽  
Le Feng Cheng ◽  
Jian Zhong Wen ◽  
Xuan Yu Qiu ◽  
Tao Yu
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Network Reliability ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Reliability Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Indexes ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
And Function ◽  
Meaning And Function

Research on reliability of distribution network has very important meaning and function to ensure the quality of power supply. This paper introduces some basic concepts of reliability in distribution network, including distribution network reliability definition, task and index. The classical reliability evaluation method was reviewed, and focused on specific distribution network, an example analysis was given, and specific reliability evaluation indexes were calculated. Finally, the future development of distribution network reliability evaluation was made a simple prospect.

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