Effects of lofepramine and dothiepin on memory and psychomotor function in healthy volunteerso

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Allen ◽  
H. Valerie Curran ◽  
Malcolm Lader
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Times ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Psychomotor Function ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Sedative Effects ◽  
Procedural Task ◽  
Differential Pattern ◽  
Attentional Tasks ◽  
Acute Dosage ◽  
Flicker Fusion

The effects of single doses of lofepramine (70 mg), dothiepin (50 mg) and placebo on memory and psychomotor function were compared in a cross-over study with 12 healthy volunteers. Dothiepin produced a differential pattern of effects across the range of memory assessments used, impairing episodic memory and slowing learning in a procedural task but not affecting working, semantic or implicit memory. Dothiepin also impaired performance on two attentional tasks, slowed down reaction times and increased subjective sedation. Lofepramine was similar to placebo on nearly all objective measures, but produced effects similar to dothiepin on critical flicker fusion threshold, salivary flow and most EEG wavebands. It is concluded that, unlike lofepramine, acute dosage with dothiepin is associated with sedative effects and impairments of concentration and memory.

The Effects of Nicotine on Attention, Information Processing, and Short-Term Memory in Patients with Dementia of the Alzheimer Type

1989 ◽  
Vol 154 (6) ◽  
pp. 797-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Sahakian ◽  
Gemma Jones ◽  
Raymond Levy ◽  
Jeffrey Gray ◽  
David Warburton
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Marked Improvement ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Critical Flicker Fusion ◽  
Alzheimer Type ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Flickering Light ◽  
Flicker Fusion

Nicotine in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) producted a significant and marked improvement in discriminative sensitivity and reaction times on a computerised test of attention and information processing. Nicotine also improved the ability of DAT patients to detect a flickering light in a critical flicker fusion test. These results suggest that nicotine may be acting on cortical mechanisms involved in visual perception and attention, and support the hypothesis that acetylcholine transmission modulates vigilance and discrimination. Nicotine may therefore be of some value in treating deficits in attention and information processing in DAT patients.

The Effect of Neuroleptics on Cognitive and Psychomotor Function

1992 ◽  
Vol 160 (5) ◽  
pp. 647-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. King ◽  
Geraldine Henry
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Drug Response ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Psychomotor Function ◽  
Response Data ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Visual Reaction ◽  
Subjective Alertness ◽  
Flicker Fusion

The effects of haloperidol (1 mg), benzhexol (5 mg), diazepam (10 mg) and caffeine (400 mg) on subjective and objective measures of cognitive and psychomotor function were compared with placebo in 20 healthy volunteers. While both diazepam and benzhexol were associated with highly significant impairments in subjective alertness, critical flicker fusion threshold and choice reaction time (CRT), haloperidol could not be distinguished from placebo in most tests but was actually associated with an apparent improvement in CRT (in males) and simple visual reaction time. The perceptual maze test detected impairment by benzhexol on processing speed but was not sensitive to any other drug effects. Multiple-dose studies are required to establish if there is a true activating effect of haloperidol using a test of sustained attention. No effect of Eysenck personality subtype or life events on baseline or drug response data was detected.

scholarly journals Effects of genetic variability of CYP2D6 on neural substrates of sustained attention during on-task activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Viviani ◽  
Irene Messina ◽  
Julia E. Bosch ◽  
Lisa Dommes ◽  
Anna Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Times ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Poor Metabolizers ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Simple Task ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Attentional Tasks

Abstract The polymorphic drug-metabolizing enzyme CYP2D6, which is responsible for the metabolism of most psychoactive compounds, is expressed not only in the liver, but also in the brain. The effects of its marked genetic polymorphism on the individual capacity to metabolize drugs are well known, but its role in metabolism of neural substrates affecting behavior personality or cognition, suggested by its CNS expression, is a long-standing unresolved issue. To verify earlier findings suggesting a potential effect on attentional processes, we collected functional imaging data, while N = 415 participants performed a simple task in which the reward for correct responses varied. CYP2D6 allelic variants predicting higher levels of enzymatic activity level were positively associated with cortical activity in occipito-parietal areas as well as in a right lateralized network known to be activated by spatial attentional tasks. Reward-related modulation of activity in cortical areas was more pronounced in poor metabolizers. In conjunction with effects on reaction times, our findings provide evidence for reduced cognitive efficiency in rapid metabolizers compared to poor metabolizers in on-task attentional processes manifested through differential recruitment of a specific neural substrate.

scholarly journals RATE AND GAMMA MODULATION IN ATTENTIONAL TASKS

2009 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 135-142
Author(s):  
ANDRES BUEHLMANN ◽  
GUSTAVO DECO
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Visual Pathway ◽  
Model System ◽  
Attentional Modulation ◽  
Rate Modulation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Attentional Tasks

Experimental and theoretical work has related rate modulation and gamma synchronization modulation to visual attention. Here, we review briefly some of the influential experiments and our modeling work on the subject. We show that attentional modulation generally gets stronger along the visual pathway and that rate and gamma synchronization can vary independently of each other. Moreover, we show that in a model system, reaction times are faster in the presence of gamma synchronization. This suggests behavioral relevance for gamma synchronization.

Psychomotor Performance Under Neuroleptic Treatment in Schizophrenia

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Soyka ◽  
Sebastian Dittert ◽  
Martin Schäfer ◽  
Andreas Gartenmaier ◽  
Gerd Laux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychomotor Performance ◽  
Driving Ability ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Psychomotor Function ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Risperidone Group ◽  
Haloperidol Group

Abstract: Cognitive dysfunction has been recognized as an important clinical feature of schizophrenia. The possible pharmacological effect of neuroleptics on cognitive and psychomotor function including driving ability is crucial for rehabilitation of schizophrenic patients. Atypical neuroleptics such as risperidone have been shown to improve cognitive deficits in schizophrenics. We conducted a naturalistic nonrandomized clinical study to determine the effect of risperidone on psychomotor function compared to haloperidol in schizophrenic patients. In this study the psychomotor performance of 26 patients, who met the ICD-10 and DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia, was assessed by means of ART-90, a computer-based Act & React Testsystem. 11 patients were on risperidone (mean dosage 4.0 mg) and 15 patients on haloperidol (mean dosage 10.5 mg). Patients were examined at discharge after psychopathological stabilization. In some relevant items the patients in the haloperidol group showed more impaired performance compared to the patients in the risperidone group. These preliminary data indicate a possible beneficial effect of risperidone compared to haloperidol on psychomotor performance and driving ability. Further randomized trials are necessary.

scholarly journals Antihistamine effects and safety of fexofenadine: a systematic review and Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-zhi Huang ◽  
Zhi-hui Jiang ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Yue Luo ◽  
Hua Peng
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Safety Profile ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Psychomotor Function ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Sedative Effects

Abstract Background As a new generation antihistamine, fexofenadine has been widely used in allergic diseases. However, there is still a lack of collective evidence regarding the antihistamine effects and safety profiles of fexofenadine relative to other antihistamine drugs and placebo. Therefore, we aimed to systematically evaluate the antihistamine effects and safety of fexofenadine. Methods An electronic literature search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed using Embase, Cochrane and PubMed from establishment to January 1st, 2018. RCTs comparing the antihistamine effects or safety (adverse events, sedative effects, and cognitive/psychomotor function) of fexofenadine with either other antihistamines or placebo for healthy subjects and patients with allergy were selected. Results Fifty-one studies of 14,551 participants met the inclusion criteria. When compared with the first-generation antihistamines, fexofenadine produced significantly lower adverse events frequency (OR = 0.446; 95% CI: 0.214 to 0.929, P = 0.031), significantly lower sedative effects frequency (OR = 0.265; 95% CI: 0.072 to 0.976, P = 0.046) and significantly less change of all cognitive/psychomotor function. When compared with the second-generation antihistamines, fexofenadine produced significantly marginal sedative effects (OR = 0.59; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.93; P = 0.02) and significantly less change of most of the cognitive/psychomotor function. When compared with placebo, fexofenadine produced more significant antihistamine effects. Conclusions Fexofenadine has a positive antihistamine effect, which is probably no worse than the second-generation antihistamines. Fexofenadine probably has a favorable safety profile, which is more likely better than that of the first-generation antihistamines. There is lack of data to support that fexofenadine has a better overall safety profile compared to the second-generation antihistamines, however, some presently available evidence on sedative effects and certain aspects of cognitive/psychomotor function favors fexofenadine. Therefore, fexofenadine may be worthy of recommendation for safety related workers.

Sleep Tendency as a Measure of Recovery after Drugs Used for Ambulatory Surgery

2002 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 878-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lance Lichtor ◽  
Richard Alessi ◽  
Bradford S. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Multiple Sleep Latency Test ◽  
Psychomotor Function ◽  
Ambulatory Anesthesia ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Psychomotor Tests ◽  
Multiple Sleep Latency

Background Although tests of psychomotor function indicate that drug effects after ambulatory anesthesia are short-lived, patients often feel washed out for long periods of time. Among the psychomotor tests that measure different motor and cognitive functions, none directly measures sleepiness or alertness. The authors hypothesized that sleepiness, measured by a sleep latency test, would be a more sensitive indicator of drug effect after an anesthetic than psychomotor tests. The second objective was to determine a sedation regimen that produced the least residual effect. Methods On four separate occasions, volunteers (N = 12) received an injection of propofol 2.5 mg/kg; propofol 2.0 mg/kg and fentanyl 2 microg/kg; propofol 2.0 mg/kg and midazolam 2 mg/70 kg; or midazolam 0.07 mg/kg and fentanyl 2 microg/kg. Dependent measures included the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT), Maddox Wing and digit symbol substitution tests, auditory and visual reaction times, and a divided attention task. Results The multiple sleep latency test demonstrated sleepiness up to 4 h after injection, and in some patients, sleepiness continued up to 8 h afterward. Psychomotor function was impaired only at 2 h after injection of the drug combination. Conclusion The multiple sleep latency test may be a more sensitive measure of a drug's effect than other tests of psychomotor function. For up to 8 h after an injection of midazolam and fentanyl, patients must consider driving or operating heavy machinery unsafe activities.

Neuropsychological and behavioural disinhibition in adult ADHD compared to borderline personality disorder

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 1717-1729 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. LAMPE ◽  
K. KONRAD ◽  
S. KROENER ◽  
K. FAST ◽  
H. J. KUNERT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Stop Signal ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Conflict Task ◽  
Attentional Tasks

ABSTRACTBackgroundAlthough attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is thought to be an inhibitory disorder, the question remains of how specific the inhibitory deficit is in adults and whether it distinguishes ADHD from borderline personality disorder (BPD), with which it shares several clinical features, particularly impulsiveness.MethodThe study assessed various motor and cognitive inhibitory functions (inhibition of prepotent, ongoing and interfering responses) in addition to working memory in adult ADHD patients with and without BPD, compared to subjects with BPD alone and controls. In addition, questionnaire data on various aspects of impulsiveness and anger regulation were assessed in all groups.ResultsADHD patients performed worse than BPD individuals and controls in two inhibitory tasks: the stop signal task and the conflict module of the Attentional Network Task (ANT). In addition, they exhibited longer reaction times (RTs) and higher intra-individual variance in nearly all attentional tasks. The co-morbid group exhibited poor performance on the stop signal task but not on the conflict task. The BPD group barely differed from controls in neuropsychological performance but overlapped with ADHD in some behavioural problems, although they were less severe on the whole.ConclusionsImpaired inhibition is a core feature in adults with ADHD. In addition, slow RTs and high intra-individual variance in performance may reflect deficits in the regulation of activation and effort in ADHD patients. ADHD and BPD share some symptoms of behavioural dysregulation without common cognitive deficits, at least in the attentional realm.

scholarly journals Effect of agomelatine on psychomotor function tests in healthy human volunteers

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
G. Sirisha ◽  
Shovan P.
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Study ◽  
Psychomotor Function ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Institutional Ethics ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sorting Test ◽  
Flicker Fusion

Background: Agomelatine is a melatonergic agonist that acts specifically on MT1/MT2 melatonergic receptors and 5-HT2C antagonism. The present study was taken up to evaluate the effect of Agomelatine 25mg on psychomotor function in healthy human volunteers.Methods: The effect of Agomelatine was studied in 12 healthy volunteers of either gender. The study was a randomised, cross over, placebo controlled study, done after obtaining permission from NIMS Institutional Ethics Committee and informed consent taken from all the subjects, after briefly explaining the study procedure and training them adequately. Psychomotor function was assessed using Choice reaction time (CRT), Critical Flicker fusion test (CFFT), Digit letter substitution test (DLST), Six letter cancellation test (SLCT), Card sorting test (CST) and Visual analog scale (VAS). Psychomotor function tests were performed, 90 minutes after administering Agomelatine 25 mg or placebo. Washout period of seven days was allowed between the cross over. Statistical analysis was done by comparing groups using unpaired t test.Results: There was significant decrease in the mean percentage of time (p<0.01) in CRT in Agomelatine group (20.09±9.47%) when compared to placebo (10.48±3.68%). Improved mean percentage of performance was seen in CFFT with Agomelatine (6.2±2.1%) compared to placebo (9.11±2.99%). No significant difference was noted in the performance of DLST, SLCT and CST. Drug was subjectively rated as sedative on VAS.Conclusions: There is no significant effect of Agomelatine on psychomotor performance. CNS processing of information also improved. Agomelatine can thus be safely administered to depressed patients.

scholarly journals Physiological, metabolic, and performance implications of a prolonged hill walk: influence of energy intake

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 1075-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip N. Ainslie ◽  
Iain T. Campbell ◽  
Keith N. Frayn ◽  
Sandy M. Humphreys ◽  
Donald P. M. MacLaren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations ◽  
Mean Blood Glucose ◽  
The Hill

We aimed to examine the effects of different energy intakes on a range of responses that are relevant to the safety of hill walkers. In a balanced design, 16 men completed a strenuous self-paced mountainous hill walk over 21 km, under either a low-energy (2.6 MJ; 616 kcal) intake (LEI) or high-energy (12.7 MJ; 3,019 kcal) intake (HEI) condition. During the hill walk, rectal temperatures were measured continuously, and blood samples for the analysis of metabolites and hormones were drawn before breakfast and immediately after the walk. Subjects also completed a battery of performance tests that included muscular strength, reaction times, flexibility, balance, and kinesthetic differentiation tests. During the LEI, mean blood glucose concentrations leveled off at the low-middle range of normoglycemia, whereas, on the HEI, they were significantly elevated compared with the LEI. The maintained blood glucose concentrations, during the LEI, were probably mediated via the marked fat mobilization, reflected by a two- to fivefold increase in nonesterified fatty acids, 3-hydroxybutyrate, and glycerol concentrations. The LEI group showed significantly slower one- and two-finger reaction time, had an impaired ability to balance, and were compromised in their ability to maintain body temperature, when compared with the HEI group. The modestly impaired performance (particularly with respect to balance) and thermoregulation during the LEI condition may increase susceptibly to both fatigue and injury during the pursuit of recreational activity outdoors.

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