scholarly journals Effect of agomelatine on psychomotor function tests in healthy human volunteers

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
G. Sirisha ◽  
Shovan P.
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Study ◽  
Psychomotor Function ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Institutional Ethics ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sorting Test ◽  
Flicker Fusion

Background: Agomelatine is a melatonergic agonist that acts specifically on MT1/MT2 melatonergic receptors and 5-HT2C antagonism. The present study was taken up to evaluate the effect of Agomelatine 25mg on psychomotor function in healthy human volunteers.Methods: The effect of Agomelatine was studied in 12 healthy volunteers of either gender. The study was a randomised, cross over, placebo controlled study, done after obtaining permission from NIMS Institutional Ethics Committee and informed consent taken from all the subjects, after briefly explaining the study procedure and training them adequately. Psychomotor function was assessed using Choice reaction time (CRT), Critical Flicker fusion test (CFFT), Digit letter substitution test (DLST), Six letter cancellation test (SLCT), Card sorting test (CST) and Visual analog scale (VAS). Psychomotor function tests were performed, 90 minutes after administering Agomelatine 25 mg or placebo. Washout period of seven days was allowed between the cross over. Statistical analysis was done by comparing groups using unpaired t test.Results: There was significant decrease in the mean percentage of time (p<0.01) in CRT in Agomelatine group (20.09±9.47%) when compared to placebo (10.48±3.68%). Improved mean percentage of performance was seen in CFFT with Agomelatine (6.2±2.1%) compared to placebo (9.11±2.99%). No significant difference was noted in the performance of DLST, SLCT and CST. Drug was subjectively rated as sedative on VAS.Conclusions: There is no significant effect of Agomelatine on psychomotor performance. CNS processing of information also improved. Agomelatine can thus be safely administered to depressed patients.

scholarly journals A study of effect of a single dose of second generation antihistaminics on cognitive and psychomotor function in healthy human volunteers

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1836
Author(s):  
Kirti Saxena ◽  
Sachendra K. Shrivastva ◽  
Chaitali Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Psychomotor Function ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Psychomotor Functions ◽  
Finger Tapping Test ◽  
Student’S T

Background: Objective of the study was to assess whether second generation antihistaminic alter psychomotor and cognitive function in comparison with promethazine (marked sedation; altered psychomotor and cognitive impairment).Methods: It was a single blind prospective study. Seventy five healthy human volunteers were registered, divided in five groups. These groups have received placebo, promethazine 25 mg, cetirizine 10 mg, fexofenadine 120 mg and loratadine 10 mg. Cognitive and psychomotor functions were assessed pretreatment and 60 minutes after single dose of drug(post treatment)by using a battery of standard tests (e.g. PST-Perceptual speed test, BVRT-Benton visual retention test,SSS- Stanford Sleepiness Scale, FTT-Finger tapping test etc.). The data were analyzed by student’s t-test and ANOVA test.Results: No significant effect was observed in any test parameter with placebo and fexofenadine. Significant difference with promethazine in PST, BVRT, SSS and cetirizine in DSST, FTT and loratadine in DSST were observed. Significant difference was observed in DSST between the placebo and promethazine, in SSS between promethazine and all other drugs. In FTT and BVRT significant difference between the groups were observed.Conclusions: Significant sedation and altered cognitive and psychomotor function were observed with promethazine. Cetirizine and loratadine do not cause sedation but both affect psychomotor functions. No significant effect was produced by fexofenadine. Thus, fexofenadine can safely be used in persons involved in activity where alertness is required while cetirizine and loratadine should be avoided.

scholarly journals How increased cognitive load affects the dual-task cost in healthy young adults? A randomized, double-blind sham-controlled study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabnam Behrangrad ◽  
Farshad Mansouri ◽  
Maryam Zoghi ◽  
Shapour Jaberzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Balance Tests ◽  
Balance Ability ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Sorting Test ◽  
Cognitively Demanding Tasks

Our ability to interact flexibly with the surrounding environment and achieve an adaptive goal-directed response is one of the necessities of balance control. This study aimed to examine the interaction between cognitive demand and the necessity for keeping balance in unstable conditions. We examined the effects of performing two cognitive tasks, namely the Stroop test and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), on postural balance in healthy young adults. Stroop and the WCST test assess selective attention and cognitive flexibility in shifting between rules, respectively. Thirty-two healthy adults were included in two experimental conditions (control and treatment) in random order, separated by at least seven days. Standing balance was evaluated by the Sway Medical Mobile application in eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC) in different stance positions: feet apart, feet together, semi-tandem, tandem, and single-leg stance (SLS). Balance was evaluated before and after the cognitive test in each experimental condition. Our findings indicate that performing cognitively demanding tasks adversely affected the balance ability in more demanding balance tests such as the SLS with EC (P ˂ 0.05). However, no significant changes were seen in other balance tests (P ˃ 0.05). Additionally, no significant changes were seen in balance ability after the Stroop or Wisconsin card sorting test alone. These results confirm that performing cognitively demanding tasks significantly reduced the ability to keep balance in less stable conditions. These findings have significant implications in understanding and preventing falls and incidents resulting from an impaired balance in complex and cognitively demanding conditions.

Self-monitoring enhances Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance in patients with schizophrenia: Performance is improved by simply asking patients to verbalize their sorting strategy

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM PERRY ◽  
ERIC G. POTTERAT ◽  
DAVID L. BRAFF
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Sorting Test ◽  
Group 1

Patients with schizophrenia have Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) deficits, which are commonly interpreted as reflecting frontal cortex-based executive dysfunction. One means of assessing the refractoriness of frontal-executive impairment is to utilize a training or modification strategy to improve WCST performance. In this study, 73 patients with schizophrenia were assigned to 1 of 2 groups. Group 1 received the standard WCST instructions for 64 cards (Condition 1). For the second 64-card deck, the patients were asked to verbalize the reason that they placed the card where they did after each sort (Condition 2). Group 2 received this modified instruction 1st (Condition 1) and then the standard instructions for the second deck (Condition 2). A group of normal comparison participants was also tested using standard instructions alone. Group 2 committed significantly fewer perseverative responses than did Group 1. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between Group 2 (Condition 1) and the normal participants. Group 1's performance improved when patients were exposed to the modified instructions (Condition 2). Additionally, poor premorbid factors and disorganized symptoms were associated with decreased benefit from the modified instructions across both groups. Cumulatively, these data suggest that a simple instruction may enhance executive function and impact WCST performance in patients with schizophrenia. (JINS, 2001, 7, 344–352.)

scholarly journals Oxidised fish oil does not influence established markers of oxidative stress in healthy human subjects: a randomised controlled trial

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inger Ottestad ◽  
Gjermund Vogt ◽  
Kjetil Retterstøl ◽  
Mari C. Myhrstad ◽  
John-Erik Haugen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Healthy Human Subjects ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Intake of fish oil reduces the risk of CHD and CHD deaths. Marine n-3 fatty acids (FA) are susceptible to oxidation, but to our knowledge, the health effects of intake of oxidised fish oil have not previously been investigated in human subjects. The aim of the present study was to investigate markers of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and inflammation, and the level of plasma n-3 FA after intake of oxidised fish oil. In a double-blinded randomised controlled study, healthy subjects (aged 18–50 years, n 54) were assigned into one of three groups receiving capsules containing either 8 g/d of fish oil (1·6 g/d EPA+DHA; n 17), 8 g/d of oxidised fish oil (1·6 g/d EPA+DHA; n 18) or 8 g/d of high-oleic sunflower oil (n 19). Fasting blood and morning spot urine samples were collected at weeks 0, 3 and 7. No significant changes between the different groups were observed with regard to urinary 8-iso-PGF2α; plasma levels of 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and α-tocopherol; serum high sensitive C-reactive protein; or activity of antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes. A significant increase in plasma level of EPA+DHA was observed in both fish oil groups, but no significant difference was observed between the fish oil groups. No changes in a variety of in vivo markers of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation or inflammation were observed after daily intake of oxidised fish oil for 3 or 7 weeks, indicating that intake of oxidised fish oil may not have unfavourable short-term effects in healthy human subjects.

scholarly journals WCST Performance in Schizophrenia and Severe Depression with Psychotic Features

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Rady ◽  
Adel Elsheshai ◽  
Heba Abou el Wafa ◽  
Osama Elkholy
Keyword(s):  
Outpatient Service ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Psychotic Depression ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Psychotic Features ◽  
Sorting Test

Background. Differentiating between schizophrenia and major depression with psychotic features often reveals diagnostic dilemma. Both share psychotic features and severe impairment in occupational functions. Severe psychomotor retardation, not uncommon in psychotic depression, may simulate negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Our work aims at utilizing Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) performance as a potential differentiating neurocognitive tool. Subjects and Methods. 60 patients were recruited randomly from the outpatient service at Alexandria University Hospital: 30 patients with schizophrenia and 30 patients with chronic psychotic depression. They were subjected to Clinical Global Impression for Severity (CGI-S) scale and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) 128 card computerized version. Results. Both groups were balanced in terms of gender distribution, severity and duration of illness. The study compared all parameters of WCST. Only perseverative errors showed mild significant difference () that disappeared when applying Bonferroni adaptation, setting significance level at 0.01 instead of 0.05. Conclusion. Performance on WCST is similar in schizophrenia and severe depression with psychotic features in most of the measured parameters and hence could not serve as a supplementary tool differentiating between both diagnoses in our study.

Effect of silymarin pretreatment on the bioavailability of domperidone in healthy human volunteers

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shravan Kumar Yamsani ◽  
Madhusudan Rao Yamsani
Keyword(s):  
Oral Bioavailability ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Rat Intestine ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
P Glycoprotein ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of silymarin pretreatment on domperidone oral bioavailability in humans.The rats were pretreated with silymarin for 7 days. The transport of domperidone across the rat intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon) was studied by usingIn the everted sac and non-everted sac study with silymarin pretreatment, domperidone transport increased from the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon. The silymarin pretreatment increased the bioavailability of domperidone. There was a statistically significant difference in the pharmacokinetic parameters CThe significant difference in absorption of domperidone on pretreatment with silymarin is due to the inhibition of P-glycoprotein and CYP3A. Silymarin, which inhibits CYP3A4, should be contraindicated for domperidone.

scholarly journals Allium sativumL. Improves Visual Memory and Attention in Healthy Human Volunteers

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Tasnim ◽  
Parsa Sanjana Haque ◽  
Md. Sazzadul Bari ◽  
Md. Monir Hossain ◽  
Sardar Mohd. Ashraful Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Significant Difference

Studies have shown thatAllium sativumL. (AS) protects amyloid-beta peptide-induced apoptosis, prevents oxidative insults to neurons and synapses, and thus prevent Alzheimer’s disease progression in experimental animals. However, there is no experimental evidence in human regarding its putative role in memory and cognition. We have studied the effect of AS consumption by healthy human volunteers on visual memory, verbal memory, attention, and executive function in comparison to control subjects taking placebo. The study was conducted over five weeks and twenty volunteers of both genders were recruited and divided randomly into two groups: A (AS) and B (placebo). Both groups participated in the 6 computerized neuropsychological tests of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) twice: at the beginning and after five weeks of the study. We found statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in several parameters of visual memory and attention due to AS ingestion. We also found statistically nonsignificant (p>0.05) beneficial effects on verbal memory and executive function within a short period of time among the volunteers. Study for a longer period of time with patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases might yield more relevant results regarding the potential therapeutic role of AS.

scholarly journals The Effects of Acute Stress on Memory, Attention and Cognition in Healthy Human Volunteers

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Md Monir Hossain ◽  
Shahnaz Naznin ◽  
Dolly Sen ◽  
Mahnaz Hossain Fariba
Keyword(s):  
Acute Stress ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Logical Memory ◽  
Human Volunteers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Test Digit ◽  
Trail Making

The study was designed to investigate the effects of an acute naturalistic stressor, namely, examination of stress on memory, attention and cognition in healthy human volunteers. Fifty-three students participated in this study. All the volunteers were assessed for their neuropsychological states, which are memory, attention and cognition, during non-examination and examination period. The neuropsychological tests used in this study were- logical memory test, digit span test, letter cancellation test, trail making test and Stroop test. It was revealed that there was significant difference (p<0.05) in the score of logical memory II, backward and total score of digit span, time taken to complete letter cancellation test and score in part C of Stroop test in the exam period. The present study thus demonstrated that acute naturalistic stress improves attention while impairs delayed memory retrieval and cognition.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 20(1): 14-19, 2017

scholarly journals Mathematics Performance of the Primary School Students: Attention and Shifting

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Poorghorban ◽  
Susan Jabbari ◽  
Fateme Chamandar
Keyword(s):  
Reading Ability ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Math Performance ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
School Students ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Achievement In Mathematics ◽  
Sorting Test

The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between executive functions and mathematical abilities to determine the contribution of these functions to math performance. In this study, 30 students were selected from among 4th graders of elementary school, in two groups with low achievement in mathematics (poor) and high achievement in mathematics (strong), such that their IQ and reading ability were as close as possible. These groups were measured and compared in terms of attention by means of continuous performance test and shifting by means of Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. The ANOVA and t-test showed that the low-achieving group stood significantly lower than the high-achieving group in shifting, which mirrors the effect of this function in math performance of the students. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of attention.

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