Development of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tongue during Induction Chemotherapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Immunosuppression is a well-recognized cause of skin tumors, in particular squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). In patients with hematological malignancies undergoing chemotherapy, SCC has been reported late in the course of the disease or many years after completion of treatment. Here we report a patient with acute myeloid leukemia who developed a SCC of the tongue while receiving the third course of induction chemotherapy. This is the second such case in the medical literature. The role of immunosuppression, chemotherapy, the malignancy itself and possible genetic predisposition is discussed and the literature on this topic is reviewed.

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Fatal Idiopathic Hyperammonemia after Induction Chemotherapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Case Reports in Hematology ◽

10.1155/2020/3136074 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Christophe Angelo ◽

Marie-Françoise Vincent ◽

Mina Komuta ◽

Philippe Hantson ◽

Nicole Straetmans ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Induction Chemotherapy ◽

Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Care Management ◽

Fatal Complication ◽

Intensive Care Management ◽

Brain Dead ◽

Acute Myeloid

Idiopathic hyperammonemia is a rare but potentially fatal complication occurring in patients with acute leukemia or bone marrow transplantation. The role of some specific anticancer drugs may be discussed, but the etiology of hyperammonemia is often multifactorial. We report the case of a 40-year-old woman who developed fatal idiopathic hyperammonemia two weeks after induction chemotherapy with idarubicin-aracytine for acute myeloid leukemia. Despite intensive care management and extrarenal epuration, the patient was declared brain dead two days after hyperammonemia onset.

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Increased angiogenesis in the bone marrow of patients with acute myeloid leukemia

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v95.8.2637.008k07_2637_2644 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 95 (8) ◽

pp. 2637-2644 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Teresa Padró ◽

Sandra Ruiz ◽

Ralf Bieker ◽

Horst Bürger ◽

Martin Steins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Complete Remission ◽

Induction Chemotherapy ◽

Microvessel Density ◽

Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Remission Induction ◽

Bone Marrow Biopsies ◽

Acute Myeloid

The importance of angiogenesis for the progressive growth and viability of solid tumors is well established. In contrast, only few data are available for hematologic neoplasms. To investigate the role of angiogenesis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), bone marrow biopsies from 62 adults with newly diagnosed, untreated AML (day 0) were evaluated. Further studies were done after the completion of remission induction chemotherapy (day 16 of induction chemotherapy, n = 21; complete remission, n = 20). Microvessels were scored in at least 3 areas (×500 field, 0.126 mm2) of the highest microvessel density in representative sections of each bone marrow specimen using immunohistochemistry for von Willebrand factor and thrombomodulin. Microvessel counts were significantly higher in patients with AML (n = 62) compared with control patients (n = 22): median (interquartile range) 24.0 (21.0-27.8)/×500 field vs 11.2 (10.0-12.0)/×500 field, respectively (P < .001). On day 16 of induction chemotherapy, microvessel density was reduced by 60% (44-66) (P < .001) in hypoplastic marrows without residual blasts, in contrast to only 17% (0-37) reduction in hypoplastic marrows with ≥ 5% residual blasts (P < .001 for the difference between both groups). Bone marrow biopsies taken at the time of complete remission displayed a microvessel density in the same range as the controls. In conclusion, there is evidence of increased microvessel density in the bone marrow of patients with AML, which supports the hypothesis of an important role of angiogenesis in AML. Furthermore, these findings suggest that antiangiogenic therapy might constitute a novel strategy for the treatment of AML.

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Noncoding RNAs in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: From Key Regulators to Clinical Players

Scientifica ◽

10.6064/2012/925758 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Alessandro Fatica

Keyword(s):

Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Tumor Suppressor Genes ◽

Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Hematological Malignancies ◽

Aberrant Expression ◽

Genetic Abnormalities ◽

Non Coding Rnas ◽

Recent Demonstration ◽

Acute Myeloid

Recent analyses have shown that human cells transcribe almost their entire genomes, implying the existence of a huge mass of ncRNAs. At the present, microRNAs are the most investigated regulative non-coding RNAs. Several studies have demonstrated that microRNAs play a crucial role in hematopoietic differentiation and hematological malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Aberrant expression of microRNAs has been associated with specific genetic abnormalities and clinical outcome of patients with AML. In addition, since microRNAs can function as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, the potential of using these molecules as therapeutic targets opens up new opportunities in the future of AML therapy. The recent demonstration that other regulatory ncRNAs, in addition to microRNAs, are involved in hematopoietic cell differentiation and diseases, suggests that they may also have a biological relevance in AML. This paper will describe the role of ncRNAs in AML and discuss the expectations for the use of ncRNAs in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of AML.

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Increased angiogenesis in the bone marrow of patients with acute myeloid leukemia

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v95.8.2637 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 95 (8) ◽

pp. 2637-2644 ◽

Cited By ~ 317

Author(s):

Teresa Padró ◽

Sandra Ruiz ◽

Ralf Bieker ◽

Horst Bürger ◽

Martin Steins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Complete Remission ◽

Induction Chemotherapy ◽

Microvessel Density ◽

Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Remission Induction ◽

Bone Marrow Biopsies ◽

Acute Myeloid

Abstract The importance of angiogenesis for the progressive growth and viability of solid tumors is well established. In contrast, only few data are available for hematologic neoplasms. To investigate the role of angiogenesis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), bone marrow biopsies from 62 adults with newly diagnosed, untreated AML (day 0) were evaluated. Further studies were done after the completion of remission induction chemotherapy (day 16 of induction chemotherapy, n = 21; complete remission, n = 20). Microvessels were scored in at least 3 areas (×500 field, 0.126 mm2) of the highest microvessel density in representative sections of each bone marrow specimen using immunohistochemistry for von Willebrand factor and thrombomodulin. Microvessel counts were significantly higher in patients with AML (n = 62) compared with control patients (n = 22): median (interquartile range) 24.0 (21.0-27.8)/×500 field vs 11.2 (10.0-12.0)/×500 field, respectively (P < .001). On day 16 of induction chemotherapy, microvessel density was reduced by 60% (44-66) (P < .001) in hypoplastic marrows without residual blasts, in contrast to only 17% (0-37) reduction in hypoplastic marrows with ≥ 5% residual blasts (P < .001 for the difference between both groups). Bone marrow biopsies taken at the time of complete remission displayed a microvessel density in the same range as the controls. In conclusion, there is evidence of increased microvessel density in the bone marrow of patients with AML, which supports the hypothesis of an important role of angiogenesis in AML. Furthermore, these findings suggest that antiangiogenic therapy might constitute a novel strategy for the treatment of AML.

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Development of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin During Induction Chemotherapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Leukemia & Lymphoma ◽

10.1080/10428190290006369 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 459-460 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Panagiotis D. Kottaridis ◽

Anthony H. Goldstone

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Induction Chemotherapy ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Acute Myeloid

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The Role of Decitabine for the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Annals of Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1345/aph.1r151 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 46 (11) ◽

pp. 1511-1517 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Alex Ganetsky

Keyword(s):

Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Induction Chemotherapy ◽

Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Remission Induction ◽

Phase 2 ◽

Phase 3 ◽

Hematopoietic Stem ◽

Phase 2 Trial ◽

Acute Myeloid

OBJECTIVE: To review the available literature addressing the role of decitabine for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). DATA SOURCES: Relevant literature was identified by a PubMed search (January 1970-March 2012) of English-language literature using the terms decitabine, acute myeloid leukemia, and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: All published studies and abstracts, as well as relevant consensus guidelines, evaluating the current literature about the role of decitabine for the treatment of AML were included. DATA SYNTHESIS: Decitabine has been evaluated for the treatment of AML in several different settings. In patients with newly diagnosed AML who are not candidates for standard remission induction chemotherapy, a Phase 2 trial of decitabine administered for 5 days per cycle demonstrated a 24% complete remission rate (CR). A subsequent Phase 3 trial comparing decitabine and low-dose cytarabine or best supportive care in a similar patient population showed a greater CR rate (18% vs 8%; p = 0.001) but no overall survival benefit. A Phase 2 trial demonstrated a 47% CR rate with decitabine initially administered for 10 days per cycle, with subsequent doses customized to individual response and toxicity. This novel dosing schedule has yet to be evaluated in a Phase 3 trial. Decitabine is also being investigated for the treatment of relapsed/refractory AML and as bridge therapy to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: Decitabine offers a promising alternative therapeutic option for patients with AML who are not candidates for standard remission induction chemotherapy. Because of its acceptable safety profile, research is investigating the clinical benefit of decitabine in combination with other antileukemic therapies. The potential roles of decitabine in the treatment of AML continue to be explored in numerous clinical trials.

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The important role of intensive induction chemotherapy in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia

Expert Review of Hematology ◽

10.1080/17474086.2021.1886920 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Tara L. Lin ◽

Livio Pagano

Keyword(s):

Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Induction Chemotherapy ◽

Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Acute Myeloid

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Role of Daunorubicin Dose Intensification for Induction Therapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients with FLT3-ITD Mutants

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v128.22.4033.4033 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 128 (22) ◽

pp. 4033-4033

Author(s):

Eun-Ji Choi ◽

Je-Hwan Lee ◽

Jung-Hee Lee ◽

Han-Seung Park ◽

Sun-Hye Ko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Induction Chemotherapy ◽

Induction Therapy ◽

Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Conflicts Of Interest ◽

Standard Dose ◽

High Dose ◽

Dose Intensification ◽

Acute Myeloid

Abstract Background Patients with FLT3-ITD mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have generally poor survival. Recent update of ECOG trial comparing standard- vs. high-dose daunorubicin showed that daunorubicin dose intensification improved survival in AML with FLT3-ITD mutants (Blood 2016;127:1551). In subgroup analysis of our previous randomized trial, high-dose daunorubicin seemed to be more effective than idarubicin in AML patients with FLT3-ITD mutants (ASH abstract No. 2535, 2015). In this retrospective investigation, we aimed to evaluate the role of daunorubicin dose intensification for induction therapy in AML patients with FLT3-ITD mutants who were treated at a single institute. Methods We analyzed data from 120 patients of newly diagnosed FLT3-ITD mutated AML patients who received induction chemotherapy between January 2002 and March 2016. The regimens consisted of high-dose daunorubicin (HD-DN, 90 mg/m2/d x 3d, n=39), standard-dose daunorubicin (SD-DN, 45 mg/m2/d x 3d, n=48), or idarubicin (IDA, 12 mg/m2/d x 3d, n=33) in combination with cytarabine (200 mg/m2/d x 7d). Patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia were not included. Results After the first round of induction chemotherapy, 53 patients had persistent leukemia; 50 received the second round of induction chemotherapy consisting of daunorubicin (45 mg/m2/d x 2d) or idarubicin (8 mg/ m2/d x 2d) in addition to cytarabine (200 mg/m2/d x 5d) and 3 received other regimens. A total of 81 patients achieved CR, and the CR rates were 76.9%, 58.3%, and 69.7% in HD-DN, SD-DN, and IDA, respectively (P=0.175). The 4-year cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) of these 81 patients was 48.8%. With the median follow-up duration of survivors of 59.9 months (range, 4.6-170.7), 4-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) were 57.1%/27.7%/35.7% (P=0.025) and 45.2%/23.9%/36.0% (P=0.042) in HD-DN, SD-DN, and IDA, respectively. HD-DN showed statistically higher OS (hazard ration [HR], 0.424; P=0.005) and EFS (HR, 0.497; P=0.01), and lower CIR (P=0.036) than SD-DN, while OS and EFS differences between HD-DN and IDA were not statistically significant. Conclusion Daunorubicin dose intensification for induction therapy seemed to be effective in AML patients with FLT3-ITD mutants. Further studies are needed to investigate whether HD-DN is superior to IDA in this population. Considering high relapse rate, combination strategies of daunorubicin dose intensification and targeted agents such as FLT3 inhibitors should be developed. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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