Metastatic Melanomas in Young Broiler Chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus)

Four young broiler chickens affected by multiple melanotic tumors are described. Grossly, there were multiple tumors composed of melanocytes within the skin, skeletal muscle, and multiple visceral organs. Tumors ranged from flattened macules to masses that extensively replaced viscera. Microscopically, melanocytes were often well pigmented, and while there was moderate nuclear anisokaryosis, mitotic rates were low. Immunohistochemical staining of some melanomas with antibodies to S100 proteins, Melan-A, vimentin, or neuron-specific enolase after bleaching of tumor cells with potassium permanganate revealed lack of immunostaining of tumor cells with antibodies to S100, strong positive staining of tumor cells for neuron-specific enolase, moderate staining with antibodies to vimentin, and faint staining for Melan-A. Only neuron-specific enolase staining was evident in unbleached tumor cells. Attempts to identify exogenous avian leukosis viruses in these tumors were unsuccessful.

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Molecular mechanisms of growth depression in broiler chickens (Gallus Gallus domesticus) mediated by immune stress: a hepatic proteome study

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology ◽

10.1186/s40104-021-00591-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Aijuan Zheng ◽

Anrong Zhang ◽

Zhimin Chen ◽

Shoaib Ahmed Pirzado ◽

Wenhuan Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Gallus Gallus ◽

Gallus Domesticus ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Gallus Gallus Domesticus ◽

Growth Depression ◽

Stress Group ◽

Immune Stress

Abstract Background Immunological stress decreases feed intake, suppresses growth and induces economic losses. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Label-free liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS) proteomics techniques were employed to investigate effects of immune stress on the hepatic proteome changes of Arbor Acres broilers (Gallus Gallus domesticus) challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Results Proteomic analysis indicated that 111 proteins were differentially expressed in the liver of broiler chickens from the immune stress group. Of these, 28 proteins were down-regulated, and 83 proteins were up-regulated in the immune stress group. Enrichment analysis showed that immune stress upregulated the expression of hepatic proteins involved in defense function, amino acid catabolism, ion transport, wound healing, and hormone secretion. Furthermore, immune stress increased valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation pathways. Conclusion The data suggests that growth depression of broiler chickens induced by immune stress is triggered by hepatic proteome alterations, and provides a new insight into the mechanism by which immune challenge impairs poultry production.

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Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) in Oligodendrogliomas: A Reflection of Transient GFAP Expression by Immature Oligodendroglia

Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques ◽

10.1017/s0317167100036623 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 307-311 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

V. Jagadha ◽

W.C. Halliday ◽

L.E. Becker

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ◽

Tumor Cells ◽

Intermediate Filaments ◽

Intermediate Filament ◽

Immunohistochemical Staining ◽

Neuron Specific Enolase ◽

Acidic Protein ◽

Gfap Expression ◽

S 100

ABSTRACT:Fourteen pure oligodendrogliomas were studied by light- and electronmicroscopy and immunohistochemistry to examine glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positivity in the tumors. To compare the immunohistochemical staining patterns of neoplastic oligodendroglia and immature oligodendroglia, myelination glia in the white matter of eight normal brains from children under 6 months of age were studied. The tumors possessed light microscopic and ultrastructural features characteristic of oligodendrogliomas. Microtubules were found in the cytoplasm of nine tumors on electronmicroscopy. In one, intermediate filaments and microtubules were observed in occasional tumor cells with polygonal crystalline structures in the cytoplasm. Using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique, all specimens were stained for GFAP, vimentin, S-100 and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). In nine tumors, variable numbers of cells with an oligodendroglial morphology reacted positively for GFAP. All tumors were positive for S-100 and negative for vimentin and NSE. The myelination glia in the eight normal brains stained positively for GFAP but not for vimentin. Vimentin is expressed by developing, reactive and neoplastic astrocytes. Thus, GFAP positivity combined with vimentin negativity in both neoplastic and immature oligodendroglia suggests that GFAP positivity in oligodendrogliomas may reflect the transient expression of this intermediate filament by immature oligodendroglia.

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T-2 mycotoxin induced apoptosis in broiler’s liver tissue

Papers on Anthropology ◽

10.12697/poa.2018.27.1.01 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 9-16

Author(s):

Piret Hussar ◽

Tõnu Järveots ◽

Lazo Pendovski ◽

Katerina Blagoevska ◽

Trpe Ristoski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Programmed Cell Death ◽

Liver Tissue ◽

Immunohistochemical Staining ◽

Mammalian Cells ◽

Gallus Domesticus ◽

Gallus Gallus Domesticus ◽

Histopathological Changes ◽

Induced Apoptosis ◽

Multicellular Organisms

Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. As T-2 toxin is known to induce apoptosis in mammalian cells, the aim of the present experiment was to study the toxic effect of T-2 on chicken liver tissue using apoptosis-related antibodies p21 and p53 which are involved in the p53/p21-mediated apoptotic signalling pathway. The experiment was conducted on fourteen 40-day-old broilers (Gallus gallus domesticus) who were divided into control and T-2 toxin groups. For the T-2 toxin group, T-2 toxin (Sigma, Germany) was dissolved in water and given per os for three consecutive days. The material of the liver was taken 24 hours after the last application. The specimens were fixed with 10% formalin and embedded into paraffin; slices 5 μm in thickness were cut followed by immunohistochemical staining with polyclonal primary antibodies p21 and p53 (Abcam, UK) according to the manufacturer’s guidelines (IHC kit, Abcam, UK). Strong expression of p21 and p53 found in hepatocytes, endotheliocytes and around blood vessels together with large tissue destructions in T-2 toxin group birds’ liver indicates apoptosis and histopathological changes in liver tissue during T-2 mycotoxicosis.

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A Review of Current Knowledge on Staphylococcus agnetis in Poultry

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10081421 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1421

Author(s):

Gustaw M. Szafraniec ◽

Piotr Szeleszczuk ◽

Beata Dolka

Keyword(s):

Virulence Factors ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Gallus Domesticus ◽

Gallus Gallus Domesticus ◽

Poultry Industry ◽

Emerging Pathogen ◽

Welfare Losses ◽

Host Jump ◽

Global Problems

This review aims to summarize recent discoveries and advancements regarding the characteristics of Staphylococcus agnetis (S. agnetis) and its role in poultry pathology. S. agnetis is an emerging pathogen that was primarily associated with mastitis in dairy cattle. After a presumed host jump from cattle to poultry, it was identified as a pathological agent in broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus), causing lameness induced by bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO), septicemia, and valvular endocarditis. Economic and welfare losses caused by lameness are global problems in the poultry industry, and S. agnetis has been shown to have a potential to induce high incidences of lameness in broiler chickens. S. agnetis exhibits a distinct repertoire of virulence factors found in many different staphylococci. It is closely related to S. hyicus and S. chromogenes, hence infections caused by S. agnetis may be misdiagnosed or even undiagnosed. As there are very few reports on S. agnetis in poultry, many facts about its pathogenesis, epidemiology, routes of transmission, and the potential impacts on the poultry industry remain unknown.

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