Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Canine Pituitary Adenomas Obtained by Transsphenoidal Hypophysectomy

Hypophysectomy specimens from 16 dogs with pituitary adenoma were evaluated with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), reticulin, and immunohistochemistry for adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH), growth hormone (GH), and Ki-67. The reticulin network was obliterated in all adenomas. One adenoma expressed ACTH and GH. Eight corticotroph adenomas were basophilic to chromophobic, and PAS- and ACTH-positive. Seven melanotroph adenomas were distinguished from corticotroph adenomas by expression of MSH. Pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism was diagnosed in 5 of 8 dogs with corticotroph and 4 of 7 with melanotroph adenoma. Pituitary height/brain area (P/B) ratio was elevated in all dogs. Previous canine hypophysectomy studies suggested that melanotroph adenomas were larger and carried a worse prognosis than corticotroph adenomas; however, in this study, corticotroph adenomas in comparison to melanotroph adenomas were larger (median P/B ratio: 1.06 versus 0.76), more proliferative (median Ki-67 index: 9.47% versus 1.99%), and associated with shorter survival (median: 300 versus 793 days). Recommended immunohistochemistry for PAS-positive pituitary adenomas includes ACTH and MSH to distinguish corticotrophs from melanotrophs and Ki-67 for proliferation index.

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Feline Pituitary Adenomas: Correlation of Histologic and Immunohistochemical Characteristics With Clinical Findings and Case Outcome

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1177/0300985820978309 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 030098582097830

Author(s):

Margaret A. Miller ◽

Stacey L. Piotrowski ◽

Taryn A. Donovan ◽

J. Catharine Scott-Moncrieff ◽

Tina J. Owen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Survival Time ◽

Pituitary Adenomas ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Clinical Findings ◽

Proliferation Index ◽

Ki 67 ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Study Results

Pituitary glands from 141 feline autopsy cases were reviewed histologically. Adenoma and hyperplasia were the most common lesions at 13 cases each. Pituitary adenoma was more likely than hyperplasia to be associated with clinical evidence of endocrinopathy or an intracranial mass ( P < .001). A histochemical and immunohistochemical panel was applied to 44 autopsy- or hypophysectomy-derived pituitary adenomas in 43 cats from 2 diagnostic laboratories. Adenomas were differentiated from hyperplasia by the presence of disrupted reticulin fibers. One cat had a double (somatotroph and melanotroph) adenoma. Twenty somatotroph adenomas consisted of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-negative acidophils that expressed growth hormone; 16/20 had hypersomatotropism; 17/20 had diabetes mellitus. Eleven melanotroph adenomas consisted of PAS-positive basophils or chromophobes that expressed melanocyte-stimulating and adrenocorticotrophic hormones; 5/11 had hypercortisolism; 6/11 had diabetes mellitus. Eleven gonadotroph adenomas consisted of PAS-negative chromophobes that expressed follicle-stimulating and/or luteinizing hormones. Two thyrotroph adenomas consisted of PAS-negative basophils or chromophobes that expressed thyroid-stimulating hormone. Pituitary-dependent disease was not recognized in cats with gonadotroph or thyrotroph adenomas. The Ki-67 proliferation index in hypophysectomy specimens was lower in somatotroph than in melanotroph adenomas. Fourteen cats with hypophysectomy-treated somatotroph or melanotroph adenoma had an 899-day median survival time versus 173 days in 17 nonsurgical cases. After adjusting for age, adenoma size and type, hypophysectomized cats had an overall better survival time than nonsurgical cases ( P = .029). The study results underscore the value of hypophysectomy and trophic hormone immunohistochemistry in the treatment and classification of feline pituitary adenomas.

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Pituitary Adenomas that Produce Adrenocorticotropic Hormone and A-Subunit: Clinicopathological, Immunohistochemical, Ultrastructural, and Immunoelectron Microscopic Studies in Nine Cases

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1227/00006123-199003000-00004 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 397-403 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Kathryn K. Berg ◽

Bernd W. Scheithauer ◽

Ignacio Felix ◽

Kalman Kovacs ◽

Eva Horvath ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pituitary Adenomas ◽

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽

Secretory Granules ◽

Preoperative Evaluation ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Double Labeling ◽

Corticotroph Adenoma ◽

A Subunit ◽

Corticotroph Adenomas

Abstract Eight surgical and one autopsy specimen of pituitary adenomas (six cases of Cushing's disease, two of Nelson's syndrome. and one of hypopituitarism) were studied by histochemical, immunohistocytological, and ultrastructural methods. Eight tumors showed the characteristic histochemical profile of corticotroph adenoma—amphophilic to basophilic, and periodic acid-Schiff-positive to some extent. In all tumors, immunohistochemical studies revealed adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and à-subunit in the cytoplasm of some adenoma cells. By electron microscopy, seven tumors were found to be monomorphous; six were typical corticotroph adenomas and one was a subtype II silent corticotroph adenoma. One unique lesion was bimorphous—i.e., composed of corticotrophs as well as cells resembling glycoprotein cells. Immunoelectron microscopy by the double-labeling immunogold technique, performed on one corticotroph adenoma, demonstrated the presence of ACTH and à-subunit not only within the same adenoma cells but also within the same secretory granules. The cytogenesis of ACTH à-subunit tumors, a rare form of plurihormonal adenoma. remains to be elucidated. The duration of disease associated with these tumors exceeded the duration in patients with ordinary corticotroph adenomas. Given the low frequency with which increases in serum à-subunit are detectable in patients with such tumors—13% in this series—hormone production is not recognized at preoperative evaluation.

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Bartholin’s gland adenoma in a Saanen goat

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20170214 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jessica Regina Moreira ◽

Thalita Evani Silva de Oliveira ◽

Eriky Akio de Oliveira Tongu ◽

Raissa Oliveira Leite ◽

Geison Morel Nogueira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Human Medicine ◽

Proliferation Index ◽

Pathological Findings ◽

Ki 67 ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Saanen Goat ◽

Histopathological Features ◽

Bartholin’S Gland

ABSTRACT: Tumors affecting Bartholin’s gland are considered rare in human medicine; there are few reports in the veterinary literature, with descriptions occurring only in cows. This article described the clinical and pathological findings associated with Bartholin’s gland adenoma in a goat. Clinically, a 7-year-old pregnant Saanen goat presented bilateral enlargement of the vulva that did not regress spontaneously after parturition. Grossly, these vulvar masses were multilobulated, contained cystic areas from which oozed a whitish fluid. Histopathology revealed an adenoma characterized by the proliferation of irregularly shaped neoplastic epithelial cells that formed tubular to glandular-like structures. These neoplastic cells demonstrated moderate anisokaryosis and evident nucleoli. The intratumoral proliferation index (PI) was estimated by immunoreactivity with the protein ki-67. Further, the glandular-like structures produced a Periodic Acid-Schiff positive secretion. A diagnosis of Bartholin’s gland adenoma was established due to the anatomic location of the neoplastic growths, the histopathological features, and the PI of the tumor.

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Conjunctival myxoid stromal tumour: a distinctive clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study

British Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-312747 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 103 (9) ◽

pp. 1259-1265 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Xiao-Yi Qin ◽

Zhe-Hao Jin ◽

You-Pei Wang ◽

Zong-Duan Zhang

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Clinical Findings ◽

Stromal Tumour ◽

Bulbar Conjunctiva ◽

Low Grade ◽

Ki 67 ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Multiple Spindle ◽

Immunohistochemical Stains

Background/aimsTo describe the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of 10 patients representing a new entity of benign conjunctival myxoid stromal tumours.MethodsRetrospective review of clinical findings, histopathological and immunohistochemical studies identified 10 cases of low-grade conjunctival myxoid stromal tumours. Specimens were routinely processed and stained with H&E. Immunohistochemical stains for CD34, CD68, vimentin, S100, smooth muscle actin (SMA), myosin, desmin, actin, Bcl-2 and Ki-67 were performed. Specific stains for Alcian-blue periodic acid-Schiff (AB-PAS) and aldehyde fuchsin stains were also performed.ResultsTen patients with an average age of 45.6±11.1 years had a tender white or faint yellow to red mass on the bulbar conjunctiva. All the lesions were completely removed, and none of the patients relapsed. Histologically, all neoplasms consisted of spindle-shaped cells that showed signs of pseudonuclear inclusions, multinuclear cells and had no atypia. The stroma consisted of a large amount of mucus and was infiltrated with delicate to ropey collagens, a few mast cells and new vessels. Immunohistochemical stains were positive for CD34, vimentin and Bcl-2; partial positive for CD68; very low for Ki-67; and negative for S100, SMA, myosin, desmin and actin. AB-PAS suggested that the stroma was mucinous.ConclusionsThese rare benign mesenchymal conjunctival tumours are mostly unilateral and occur in the bulbar conjunctiva. Complete resection is the radical treatment. These lesions are characterised by multiple spindle cells, a large amount of mucus, and sharing similar basic histopathological features with conjunctival myxoma and conjunctival stromal tumour. We suggest naming these lesions ‘conjunctival myxoid stromal tumours’.

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Pathological Findings in the Pituitary Glands of Dogs and Cats

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1177/0300985818784162 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 55 (6) ◽

pp. 880-888 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Laura Polledo ◽

Guy C. M. Grinwis ◽

Peter Graham ◽

Mark Dunning ◽

Kerstin Baiker

Keyword(s):

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Histopathological Diagnosis ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽

Nodular Hyperplasia ◽

Cystic Changes ◽

Pituitary Glands ◽

Hematoxylin And Eosin

With the exception of classic functional adenomas in dogs and horses, pituitary lesions are infrequently described in the veterinary literature. Approximately 10% of pituitary glands from asymptomatic humans contain abnormalities, but the equivalent proportion in small animals is unknown. Pituitary glands from 136 dogs and 65 cats collected during routine necropsies were examined to determine the prevalence of pituitary lesions and their histopathological diagnosis. Lesions were characterized in sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), Gordon and Sweet’s and reticulin stains, and immunohistochemistry for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), growth hormone, melanocyte stimulating hormone–α, and prolactin. Pituitary abnormalities were identified in 36 of 136 (26.4%) dogs and 10 of 65 (15.3%) cats. Cystic changes were the most common lesion, occurring in 18 (13.2%) dogs and 8 (12.3%) cats. Pituitary neoplasia was detected in 14.1% (12/85) of middle-aged and old dogs; 1 (1.5%) cat had pituitary nodular hyperplasia. PAS and reticulin stains helped differentiate ACTH-immunoreactive adenomas from hyperplastic nodules: adenomas contained PAS-positive intracytoplasmic granules and loss of the normal reticulin network. One dog had a pituitary carcinoma with infiltration into the thalamus. Other pituitary abnormalities included secondary metastases (2 dogs) and hypophysitis (4 dogs, 1 cat). In most cases, the lesion appeared to be subclinical and could be considered incidental, whereas clinical manifestations were apparent in only 4 dogs (2.9%) and none of the cats with pituitary lesions. Pituitary abnormalities are common in dogs and cats, and their clinical relevance requires further investigation.

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Expression of Cytokeratins 7 and 20 in Helicobacter pylori-associated Chronic Gastritis in Children

Pediatric and Developmental Pathology ◽

10.1007/s10024-003-1006-4 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 180-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. Cohen ◽

E. Cueto Rúa ◽

N. Balcarce ◽

R. Drut

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Chronic Gastritis ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Gastric Epithelium ◽

Surface Epithelium ◽

Ki 67 ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Group A ◽

H Pylori

Helicobacter pylori gastric infection induces structural changes in the gastric epithelium. Among them, variations in the expression of cytokeratins have been reported in adult patients. In the present study, we describe the expression of CK7 and CK20 in gastric samples taken from the antrum in three groups of pediatric patients: (A) Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic gastritis (mean age: 11.4 years); (B) previous H. pylori chronic gastritis patients (mean age: 9.4 years); and (C) controls (mean age: 8.8 years). In all, the presence of sulfomucins was assessed with Alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff pH 1.0. Immunoreactivity was graded as absent (0), weak (1 +), moderate (2+), or intense (3+), in accordance with the intensity of the staining, and its distribution as focal or diffuse. CK7 reactivity was 2 + either focal or diffuse in all group A biopsies. The reactivity was more evident in the cells at the neck of the glands, in the areas with more inflammatory infiltrates, decorating long vertical segments of epithelium. In groups B and C, CK7 reactivity was also focal and 1 + at the cells of the necks of the glands. However, group B presented longer vertical segments of positive cells as compared to group C, and shorter than those of group A. The deeper glandular structures were focally 1 + in both groups. CK20 expression was comparable in all three groups, depicting a 2+ diffuse reactivity at the surface epithelium and interposed pits with absence or focal reactivity at the neck and coiled gland areas. Ki-67 immunostaining paralleled that of the CK7. Staining for sulfated mucosubstances was positive in two of five cases of groups A and B, and in none of the cases of group C. We conclude that: (1) the long segments of CK7-positive glandular necks in H. pylori cases most probably indicate intense regenerative activity during active inflammation; (2) eradication of H. pylori does not warrant ad integrum restitution since long segments of Ki-67+, CK7+ cells at the germinative compartment of the glands (as well as cells with sulfomucins) were still recognizable in ex- H. pylori patients; (3) finally, differing from what happens in adults, children somehow manage to maintain fully differentiated CK20+ superficial epithelium while the H. pylori is in action.

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COMPARISON OF IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL MARKER WITH SPECIAL STAINS IN THE PROGNOSIS OF THE DIFFERENT GRADES OF ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.32553/jbpr.v8i4.640 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Dr. Parthiban Nallaiyan ◽

Dr. Bharathi Ramakrishnan ◽

Dr. Gnanadeepam Santigo ◽

Dr. Dhanalakshmi Jeyasivanesan

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Collagen Fibre ◽

Ki 67 ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Schiff Reagent ◽

Neutral Mucin

Objectives: The aim of the study is to compare the efficiency of Ki-67 with special stains in the stroma of different grades of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) and to evaluate the influence of these changes in predicting the prognosis of these tumors. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 cases of different grades of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and 6 cases of control were sections and stained with Picrosirus red (PR), combined Alcian blue-periodic acid Schiff reagent (AB-PAS) and Immunohistochemical (IHC) marker Ki-67. Results: Collagen fibre nature using PR stain and proliferative activity of malignant epithelial cells using IHC marker Ki-67 was found to be statistically significant. Mucin presence using AB-PAS was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Prognosis in different grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma can be accessed by change in collagen fibres birefringence, as the tumour progresses there is change from mature to immature collagen. Ki-67 is a good proliferative marker and shows that there is positive correlation with histological grading of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Presence of acidic or neutral mucin in OSCC needed to be further studied. For assessing the prognosis in different grades of OSCC, special stains can also be used. Keywords: Collagen, Mucin, Squamous cell carcinoma, Ki-67.

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Silent corticotroph adenomas

Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia ◽

10.1590/s0004-27302007000800017 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 51 (8) ◽

pp. 1314-1318 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Niki Karavitaki ◽

Olaf Ansorge ◽

John A.H. Wass

Keyword(s):

Pituitary Adenomas ◽

Positive Staining ◽

Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone ◽

Endocrine Dysfunction ◽

Successful Management ◽

Cranial Nerve Palsies ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Immunohistochemical Studies ◽

Corticotroph Adenomas

Silent corticotroph pituitary adenomas (SCA) are defined as pituitary adenomas showing positive staining for adrenocorticotrophic hormone in immunohistochemical studies, but not associated with perioperative clinical or laboratory features of hypercortisolaemia. They account for 1.1-6% of surgically removed pituitary adenomas. Currently, two distinct pathologic subtypes of SCA are recognised. Their pathogenesis remains unclear. They present with local mass effects (headache, visual deterioration, cranial nerve palsies, endocrine dysfunction). The lack of manifestations of cortisol excess has not been conclusively explained. In surgical series, most tumours are macroadenomas with suprasellar extension present in 87-100% of the cases; this is in contrast to Cushing's disease, which is mostly attributed to microadenomas. Surgery remains the main therapeutic approach. Attempts to identify predictors of recurrence have not been successful. Management and follow-up protocols should be planned taking into account their potential aggressive behaviour, particularly upon recurrence. The development of florid pituitary Cushing's syndrome and local recurrence followed by metastatic disease (occasionally outside the central nervous system) have been rarely reported.

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