Infectious laryngotracheitis of chickens: Pathologic and immunohistochemistry findings

Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an important upper respiratory disease of chickens. Gross and histologic lesions of ILT in chickens are compared to immunohistochemistry to evaluate the diagnostic test sensitivity. A total of 31 separate ILT-confirmed necropsy submissions (12 commercial meat-type flocks, 13 egg-type producers, and 6 backyard flocks) were arbitrarily selected. Each submission ranged from 1 to 18 birds, for a total of 246 chickens. Cases with available formalin-fixed tissues were selected to include a range of bird production types, ages, clinical histories, and severity of macroscopic and histologic lesions. Macroscopic findings in the respiratory tract varied from increased mucus (55.6%) to fibrinonecrotic exudate (20.3%) and hemorrhages in the larynx and trachea (13.0%). Syncytia with intranuclear inclusion bodies were present in the respiratory tract epithelium with or without hemorrhages. Sections of conjunctiva, sinus, larynx, trachea, lung, and air sac were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) to detect gallid alphaherpesvirus 1 (GaHV-1) antigen. Positive immunolabeling was detected in the cytoplasm and nuclei of syncytia and epithelial cells in 18/22 conjunctivae (82%), 12/13 sinuses (92%), 18/22 larynxes (82%), 23/25 tracheas (92%), 10/21 lungs (57%), and 3/8 air sacs (37%). Of the 34 tissues with no visible syncytia or inclusion bodies, 8 were positive by IHC. In conclusion, IHC was useful to study the viral antigen tissue distribution and support the diagnosis of ILT when the histopathologic interpretation was doubtful.

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A testudinid herpesvirus 1 (TeHV1)-associated disease outbreak in a group of Horsfield’s tortoises (Testudo horsfieldii)

Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe K Kleintiere / Heimtiere ◽

10.1055/a-1666-8378 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (06) ◽

pp. 462-467

Author(s):

Lisa Schüler ◽

Pierre Picquet ◽

Christoph Leineweber ◽

Janosch Dietz ◽

Elisabeth Müller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Histological Examination ◽

Inclusion Bodies ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Disease Outbreak ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Intranuclear Inclusion ◽

Upper Respiratory ◽

Herpesvirus 1 ◽

Mycoplasma Spp

AbstractIn spring 2020, a severe disease outbreak with high morbidity and mortality was observed in a collection of 15 Horsfield’s tortoises (Testudo horsfieldii). Affected tortoises showed upper respiratory- and gastrointestinal tract signs, including rhinitis and stomatitis. Testudinid herpesvirus 1 (TeHV1) and Mycoplasma spp. were detected by PCR in oral swabs of affected animals. Histological examination of one deceased animal showed intranuclear inclusion bodies typical for herpesvirus infections in liver, spleen and oesophagus. The virus was likely introduced into the collection 2 years earlier by a clinically healthy Horsfield’s tortoise that was tested positive for TeHV1 by PCR.

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Morbilliviral Epizootic in Bottlenose Dolphins of the Gulf of Mexico

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/104063879600800302 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 283-290 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Thomas P. Lipscomb ◽

Seamus Kennedy ◽

Deborah Moffett ◽

Amy Krafft ◽

Brenda A. Klaunberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gulf Of Mexico ◽

Inclusion Bodies ◽

Bottlenose Dolphins ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Intranuclear Inclusion ◽

Intracytoplasmic Inclusion ◽

Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽

Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽

Intracytoplasmic Inclusion Bodies ◽

Formalin Fixed

Morbillivirus infection was diagnosed in 35/67 bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the Gulf of Mexico that stranded from October 1993 through April 1994 in Alabama, Mississippi, and Texas (USA) during periods of increased dolphin standings in each of the 3 states. Diagnosis was based on histologic lesions, immunohistochemical demonstration of morbilliviral antigen, and detection of morbilliviral RNA by a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue (5 dolphins), on histologic lesions and detection of morbilliviral RNA by RT-PCR performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue (1 dolphin), and on detection of morbilliviral RNA by RT-PCR performed on unfixed lung samples collected from carcasses with advanced postmortem autolysis (29 dolphins). Histologic lesions included proliferative interstitial pneumonia with syncytial cells and eosinophilic intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies, lymphoid depletion and syncytial cells with eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in lymph nodes, eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in transitional epithelium of urinary bladder, and a syncytial cell with eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in epidermis. Concomitant pulmonary aspergillosis was diagnosed histologically in 4 dolphins. This is the 5th reported morbilliviral epizootic of aquatic mammals and the 2nd involving bottlenose dolphins in the United States.

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Histopathological Changes in the Upper Respiratory Tract of F344 Rats Following Infection with a Rat-adapted Influenza Virus

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1177/030098589603300407 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 412-418 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

J. D. Ibanes ◽

K. T. Morgan ◽

G. R. Burleson

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Lymphoid Tissue ◽

Viral Antigen ◽

Respiratory Epithelium ◽

Transitional Epithelium ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Epithelial Regeneration ◽

Upper Respiratory ◽

F344 Rats

The present study determined the morphogenesis of upper respiratory tract disease in rats following infection with a rat-adapted influenza virus. Sixty-eight 60-day-old, male F344 rats were infected by intranasal inoculation and necropsied at days 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, and 28 post-inoculation (PI). Responses to infection were studied by routine light microscopy for histopathologic changes and immunocytochemistry for localization of viral antigen. Severe infection-induced changes involved the respiratory epithelium and underlying lamina propria, and the nasal-associated lymphoid tissue, with minimal involvement of the transitional epithelium. The lesions were most severe on the septum and the medial aspect of the nasoturbinates. Viral antigen, located in the respiratory epithelium of affected regions at days 1 and 2 PI, was associated with neutrophilic infiltration and epithelial necrosis and erosion. At day 4 PI, an infiltrate of lymphocytes, macrophages, and fewer neutrophils was present, often accompanied by epithelial regeneration. Changes in the nasal-associated lymphoid tissue were evaluated using morphometric analysis and consisted of hyperplasia (days 4 to 7 PI) followed by progressive involution (days 14 to 28 PI). Mild lesions associated with foci of viral antigen were also observed in the nasal olfactory epithelium on days 1, 2, and 4 PI. The changes observed in the present study indicate the potential value of rat-adapted influenza virus infection as a model of human influenza.

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Sequential Pathological Study of Experimental Porcine Adenovirus Enteritis

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1177/030098588201900209 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 179-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

R. Ducatelle ◽

W. Coussement ◽

J. Hoorens

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Inclusion Bodies ◽

Viral Antigen ◽

Diagnostic Technique ◽

Immunoperoxidase Technique ◽

Pathological Study ◽

Intranuclear Inclusion ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Viral Particles ◽

Porcine Adenovirus

The sequential enteric lesions of experimental porcine adenovirus strain 6618 infection were studied in 18 hysterotomy-derived, colostrum-deprived piglets, by histology, transmission electron microscopy, and an immunoperoxidase technique. Viral particles could be seen in altered epithelial cells of the lower small intestine from 24 hours until 16 days after inoculation. With the immunoperoxidase technique, viral antigen could be found in epithelial cells at 45 days after challenge. Destruction of epithelial cells and shortening of villi could be related directly to the presence of the virus. Histology of the lower jejunum and ileum, which demonstrates intranuclear inclusion bodies, is proposed as a useful diagnostic technique.

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The Lesions of Porcine Adenoviral Infection in Germfree and Pathogen-Free Pigs

Pathologia veterinaria ◽

10.1177/030098586700400603 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 537-552 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

John A. Shadduck ◽

A. Koestner ◽

L. Kasza

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Cortex ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Interstitial Pneumonia ◽

Inclusion Bodies ◽

Viral Antigen ◽

Animal Species ◽

Intranuclear Inclusion ◽

Adenoviral Infection ◽

Porcine Adenovirus ◽

The Brain

A porcine adenovirus isolated from the brain of a pig with encephalitis was shown to be pathogenic for germfree and pathogen-free pigs. Lesions were produced by 5 different routes of inoculation, of which the intranasal was the most effective. The animals inoculated intranasally developed an interstitial pneumonia which involved entire lobules and was especially prominent near the hilus. Distinct intranuclear inclusion bodies were seen. Lesions and inclusion bodies were also found in the kidneys, thyroids, and lymph nodes. Viral antigen was demonstrated in the lesions by immunofluorescence. Intracerebral inoculation resulted in polioencephalitis involving only the cerebral cortex. Many features of this disease were similar to adenoviral diseases of man and other animal species.

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