Fish Oil-induced Yellow Fat Disease in Rats. III. Lipolysis in Affected Adipose Tissue

1978 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. J. C. Danse ◽  
P. M. Verschuren
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Enzyme Activation ◽  
Fat Cells ◽  
Nucleotidase Activity

Basal and hormone-stimulated lipolysis of adipose tissue was measured at successive stages during the development of fish oil-induced yellow fat disease in rats. Changes of lipolytic activity at an early stage of yellow fat disease were not seen. There was a significant increase of basal lipolysis and a decrease of stimulated lipolysis when many fat cells were affected (stage E). Since the increased basal lipolysis probably originates from degenerated fat cells, the mechanism of enzyme activation is not clear. The decreased stimulated lipolysis was proportional to the number of affected fat cells and resulted from membrane damage of these cells. Increased 5-nucleotidase activity, seen in affected fat cells, may be important, to this reduced stimulated lipolysis.

scholarly journals Fish Oil-induced Yellow Fat Disease in Rats; II. Enzyme Histochemistry of Adipose Tissue

1978 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. J. C. Danse ◽  
W. A. Steenbergen-Botterweg
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Nonspecific Esterase ◽  
Fat Cells ◽  
Nucleotidase Activity ◽  
Fat Cell ◽  
Cell Degeneration

Adipose tissue in various stages of fish oil-induced yellow fat disease in the rat had the same acid phosphatase and 5-nucleotidase activity pattern as similar stages of the disorder in mink and pig. A weak acid phosphatase and 5-nucleotidase activity was seen in interstitial lipofuscin-laden macrophages in “stage M” yellow fat disease without fat cell degeneration. Activity of these macrophagic enzymes increased when there was fat cell degeneration (“stage S” and “stage E” yellow fat disease). This different phosphatase activity in the same cell type may result from phagocytosis of substrates with variable digestibility. Macrophages directly surrounding affected fat cells in steatitis areas (“stage S” and “stage E”) had strong acid phosphatase and 5-nucleotidase activity. As in the pig, increased 5-nucleotidase activity was found in affected fat cells, which probably indicates plasma membrane damage. Increased nonspecific esterase activity occurred around affected fat cells. Only a small part of this esterase activity originated from inflammatory cells. This indicates that an increase of esterase activity in degenerating adipose tissue may be an endogeneous process in this tissue.

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CALCIUM TRANSPORT AND THE LIPOLYTIC EFFECT OF SHEEP β-LIPOTROPIC HORMONE β-LPH) IN ADIPOSE TISSUE

1972 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lis ◽  
C. Gilardeau ◽  
M. Chrétien
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Calcium Transport ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Fat Cells ◽  
Tetraacetic Acid ◽  
Isolated Fat Cells ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Adipose Cell ◽  
Epididymal Fat

ABSTRACT Intravenous injection of β-lipotropic hormone β-LPH) into rabbits caused a marked increase of Ca++ concentration in perirenal or epididymal fat tissue. β-LPH also increased the amount of Ca++ taken up during incubation of isolated fat cells. Incubation of fragments of rabbit fat tissue in presence of 45Ca and 3H mannitol indicated that Ca++ accumulated intra-cellularly after administration of β-LPH. In incubation media containing no Ca++, or containing Ca++ and the Ca++ sequestering agent EGTA (ethylenebis [oxyethylene nitrilo]-tetraacetic acid), β-LPH did not induce lipolysis. Addition of excess Ca++ to the EGTA containing medium restored lipolysis, whereas addition of EGTA to incubation mixtures containing Ca++ in which lipolysis in the presence of β-LPH was already proceeding stopped the lipolytic reaction. These results indicated that Ca++ is essential for lipolytic activity of β-LPH as it is for the lipolytic activity of ACTH and other structurally related peptides. Marked shift of Ca++ towards the adipose cell was correlated with β-LPH induced lipolysis.

Level of physical fitness and adipocyte lipolysis in humans

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1157-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Despres ◽  
C. Bouchard ◽  
R. Savard ◽  
A. Tremblay ◽  
M. Marcotte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Fat Cells ◽  
Isolated Fat Cells ◽  
Fat Cell ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Sedentary Subjects

The present experiment was conducted to study the influence of exercise training on adipose tissue lipolytic activity and to identify the amount of training required to induce maximal adaptation in humans. Fifty-one male subjects were divided into three groups according to their training regimen: 1) sedentary subjects (SS) (n = 21); 2) trained subjects (TS) (n = 15) who had exercised during a period of 20 wk, 5 days/wk, 45 min/session; and 3) experienced marathon runners (MR) (n = 15) who ran an average of 120 km/wk for many years. Biopsies of fat were performed in the suprailiac region after an overnight fast. Adipocyte diameter (AD) and epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis ( ESL ) were assessed on collagenase-isolated fat cells. A lower AD was noted in the MR group compared with the two other groups. Basal lipolysis (BL) and ESL were significantly higher in TS and MR than in controls. Moreover, BL values were comparable in the two trained groups, whereas ESL in the TS group was higher than in the MR group. These results indicate that training increases suprailiac fat cell lipolysis, which seems to adapt maximally within about 4 mo.

Fish Oil-induced Yellow Fat Disease in Rats I. Histological Changes

1978 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. J. C. Danse ◽  
P. M. Verschuren
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Reticuloendothelial System ◽  
Vitamin E Deficiency ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Fat Depot

Yellow fat disease was induced in young rats given a vitamin E-deficient diet supplemented with 15% fish oil. The changes in adipose tissue of this oil-induced disorder were different from those of natural yellow fat disease in horse, pig and mink. In the natural disease all fat depots had the early stage of yellow fat disease with interstitial lipofuscin-laden macrophages exclusively. In the rat, however, this change was seen only in the subcutaneous fat depot. Moreover, affected adipose tissue of animals with natural disease had extensive fibrosis, but in the rat fibrosis was always absent. Rats with fish oil-induced yellow fat disease had degenerative changes in various fat depots that occurred at various times but in the horse, pig and mink fat depots were affected simultaneously. Lipofuscin accumulated in the reticuloendothelial system in rats. Accumulation in spleen and liver was dependent on vitamin E deficiency, but only the accumulation in the Kupffer cells was correlated with yellow fat disease. Lipofuscin accumulation in the mesenteric lymph node did not depend on vitamin E deficiency.

Lipolytic response of fat cells to catecholamines in sedentary and exercise-trained women

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 330-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Riviere ◽  
F. Crampes ◽  
M. Beauville ◽  
M. Garrigues
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Fat Cells ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase System ◽  
Lipolytic Action ◽  
In Vitro Response ◽  
Subcutaneous Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Sedentary Women

It has been shown that adipose tissue lipolytic activity is increased in endurance-trained subjects. In women, adipose tissue is extensive and it was thought interesting to confirm that endurance training increases the capacity of female adipose tissue to mobilize lipids, and moreover to more fully understand the mechanisms involved. So, biopsies of fat were obtained from the periumbilical region of 13 trained female runners (T) and 17 sedentary women (S) and the in vitro response to catecholamines of the collagenase-isolated fat cells was studied. Glycerol release, chosen as adipocyte lipolysis indicator, was measured by bioluminescence for various epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations. In both groups, these substances provoked an increase in lipolysis, but the response was significantly higher in T. In both groups, isoproterenol increased the lipolytic activity above basal concentrations at 10(-8) M and above. Lipolytic activity in T was significantly higher (P less than 0.01) than the S control at 10(-7) M and above. Epinephrine plus propranolol decreased lipolysis in both groups, but at 10(-5) M, lipolytic activity was significantly lower in S than in T (P less than 0.05). It is concluded that in female subjects, endurance training increases the sensitivity of subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue to the lipolytic action of catecholamines; this effect seems to be related both to a decreased efficiency of the alpha 2-adrenergic pathway and to an increased efficiency of the beta-adrenergic pathway. This latter effect seems to take place at a step beyond the receptor-adenylate cyclase system in the lipolytic cascade.

scholarly journals Aeration and Stirring in Yarrowia lipolytica Lipase Biosynthesis during Batch Cultures with Waste Fish Oil as a Carbon Source

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Paulina Snopek ◽  
Dorota Nowak ◽  
Bartłomiej Zieniuk ◽  
Agata Fabiszewska
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Yarrowia Lipolytica ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Agitation Speed ◽  
Oxygen Deficit ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Process Selection ◽  
Batch Cultures

Yarrowia lipolytica is one of the most studied non-conventional forms of yeast, exhibiting a high secretory capacity and producing many industrially important and valuable metabolites. The yeast conceals a great biotechnological potential to synthesize organic acids, sweeteners, microbial oil, or fragrances. The vast majority of bioprocesses are carried out in bioreactors, where suitable culture conditions are provided. In the current study, the effect of agitation speed (200–600 rpm) and air flow rate (0.0375–2.0 dm3/(dm3 × min)) on the biomass yield and lipase activity of Y. lipolytica KKP 379 is analyzed in a growth medium containing waste fish oil. The increase of aeration intensity limited the period of oxygen deficit in the medium. Simultaneously, an increase in lipolytic activity was observed from 2.09 U/cm3 to 14.21 U/cm3; however, an excessive agitation speed likely caused oxidative or shear stresses, and a reduction in lipolytic activity was observed. Moreover, it is confirmed that the synthesis of lipases is related to oxygen consumption, pH, and the yeast growth phase, and appropriate process selection may provide two advantages, namely, the maximum use of the waste carbon source and the production of lipolytic enzymes that are valuable in many industries.

Water content of rat adipose tissue and isolated adipocytes in relation to cell size

1976 ◽  
Vol 231 (5) ◽  
pp. 1568-1572 ◽  
Author(s):  
M DiGirolamo ◽  
JL Owens
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Intracellular Water ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Fat Cells ◽  
Fat Cell ◽  
Tissue Water ◽  
Adipose Mass

Epididymal adipose tissue composition and adipocyte water content were studied in male rats during growth and development of spontaneous obesity. The data show that a highly significant positive correlation exists between fat-cell volume and intracellular water space (IWS) (r=.967, P less than .001). Intracellular water, expressed as picoliters per fat cell, varied from 1.5-2 in small fat cells (mean vol, 30-50 pl) to 9-10 in large cells (800-1,000 pl). When expressed as percent of fat-cell volume, IWS varied from 5-7% in the small fat cells to 1-1.3% in the large ones. Total adipose tissue water continued to increase with increasing adipose mass. Similarly, total adipocyte water increased with enlarging cell size and tissue mass. The contribution of total adipocyte water (as contrasted to that of nonadipocyte water) to total tissue water, however, was found to be limited (less than 23%) and to decline progressively with adipose mass expansion.

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