scholarly journals Non-Suppurative Encephalomyelitis in Cats Suggestive of a Viral Origin

1981 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Hoff ◽  
M. Vandevelde
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Viral Origin

In 10 of 16 domestic cats with spontaneous non-suppurative encephalomyelitis, lesions were multifocal but relatively few and were considered nonspecific as to cause, although viral agents could not be excluded. Six cats had polioencephalomyelitis or polioencephalitis suggestive of viral infection. The clinical and morphological features are compared with those of previous reports of feline encephalitis possibly of viral origin. Some previously reported epidemiological and serological surveys suggest a possible role for arborviruses.

scholarly journals Morphological and morphometrical features of Sardinian wild cat (Felis silvestris lybica var. sarda)

2013 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mura ◽  
S. Gadau ◽  
M. Zedda
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Features ◽  
Northern Africa ◽  
Felis Silvestris ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Eastern Woodlands ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge

Wildcats (Felis silvestris) spread over Europe ranging from Spanish to Eastern woodlands. In Northern Africa, the wildcat belongs to a different subspecies (Felis silvestris libyca) which diffused in Sardinia giving rise to a novel taxon there (Felis silvestris libyca sarda). The morphological features of the Sardinian wildcat taxon are not well-know yet. In our work its morphological and morphometrical features have been studied on 19 stuffed models. Numerous morphometrical parameters were taken, and the distribution of spots and stripes of the coat was studied. A low variability in the morphometrical parameters was detected, confirming that the Sardinian wildcat can be considered a well-defined taxon. Since one of the most severe problems in the safeguard of pure Sardian wildcats in their crossbreeding with domestic cats, the comprehensive knowledge of the anatomical features of these animals could be useful in making a distinction between these two taxa.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles and Their Convergence with Viral Pathways

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Wurdinger ◽  
NaTosha N. Gatson ◽  
Leonora Balaj ◽  
Balveen Kaur ◽  
Xandra O. Breakefield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Complex Function ◽  
Viral Assembly ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Multivesicular Bodies ◽  
Virus Release ◽  
Viral Origin ◽  
Cellular Components

Extracellular vesicles (microvesicles), such as exosomes and shed microvesicles, contain a variety of molecules including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Microvesicles appear mostly to originate from multivesicular bodies or to bud from the plasma membrane. Here, we review the convergence of microvesicle biogenesis and aspects of viral assembly and release pathways. Herpesviruses and retroviruses, amongst others, recruit several elements from the microvesicle biogenesis pathways for functional virus release. In addition, noninfectious pleiotropic virus-like vesicles can be released, containing viral and cellular components. We highlight the heterogeneity of microvesicle function during viral infection, addressing microvesicles that can either block or enhance infection, or cause immune dysregulation through bystander action in the immune system. Finally, endogenous retrovirus and retrotransposon elements deposited in our genomes millions of years ago can be released from cells within microvesicles, suggestive of a viral origin of the microvesicle system or perhaps of an evolutionary conserved system of virus-vesicle codependence. More research is needed to further elucidate the complex function of the various microvesicles produced during viral infection, possibly revealing new therapeutic intervention strategies.

scholarly journals A 2.9-Kilobase Noncoding Nuclear RNA Functions in the Establishment of Persistent Hz-1 Viral Infection

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 2233-2245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Chan Chao ◽  
Song-Tay Lee ◽  
Ming-Chuan Chang ◽  
Hong-Hwa Chen ◽  
Shih-Shun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Insect Cells ◽  
Viral Gene Expression ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Viral Gene ◽  
Viral Origin ◽  
Persistent Infections ◽  
Nuclear Rna ◽  
Cellular Translation ◽  
Reading Frames

ABSTRACT Differential viral gene expression during both productive and persistent infections of Hz-1 virus in insect cells was elucidated. Despite more than 100 viral transcripts being expressed during productive viral infection, massive viral gene shutoff was observed during viral persistency, leaving the 2.9-kb persistence-associated transcript 1 (PAT1) as the only detectable viral RNA. Persistence-associated gene 1 (pag1), which encodes PAT1, was cloned and found to contain no significant open reading frames. PAT1 is not associated with the cellular translation machinery and is located exclusively in the nucleus. Further experiments showed that PAT1 is functional in the establishment of persistent Hz-1 viral infection in the cells. All the evidence collectively indicates that PAT1 is a novel nuclear transcript of viral origin. Our results showed that although PAT1 and XIST RNA, a mammalian X-inactive specific transcript, are transcribed by different genes, they have interesting similarities.

scholarly journals Persistent Hz-1 Virus Infection in Insect Cells: Evidence for Insertion of Viral DNA into Host Chromosomes and Viral Infection in a Latent Status

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Long Lin ◽  
Jin-Ching Lee ◽  
Shih-Shun Chen ◽  
H. Alan Wood ◽  
Ming-Liang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Insect Cells ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Viral Reactivation ◽  
Cell Labeling ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
Viral Origin ◽  
Host Chromosome ◽  
Persistently Infected ◽  
Infected Cells

ABSTRACT Persistent/latent viral infections of insect cells are a prominent though poorly understood phenomenon. In this study, the long-term association between the Hz-1 virus and insect host cells, conventionally referred to as persistent viral infection, is described. With the aid of a newly developed fluorescent cell-labeling system, we found that productive viral replication occurs by spontaneous viral reactivation in fewer than 0.2% of persistently infected cell lines over a 5-day period. Once viral reactivation takes place, the host cell dies. The persistently infected cells contain various amounts of viral DNA, and, in an extreme case, up to 16% of the total DNA isolated from infected cells could be of viral origin. Both pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and in situ hybridization experiments showed that some of these viral DNA molecules are inserted into the host chromosomes but that the rest of viral DNA copies are free from host chromosomes. Thus, Hz-1 virus is the first nonretroviral insect virus known to insert its genome into the host chromosome during the infection process. These data also suggest that the previously described persistent infection of Hz-1 virus in insect cells should be more accurately referred to as latent viral infection.

Sudden Deafness

1977 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isamo Sando ◽  
Anthony Loehr ◽  
Takehiko Harada ◽  
John H. Sobel
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Endolymphatic Hydrops ◽  
Stria Vascularis ◽  
Organ Of Corti ◽  
Sudden Deafness ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Tectorial Membrane ◽  
Viral Origin ◽  
Cochlear Aqueduct ◽  
Temporal Bones

The histopathological study of two cases of sudden deafness is presented. The temporal bones showed cochleosaccular abnormality. The most striking pathological changes were collapse of the organ of Corti, atrophy of the tectorial membrane, atrophy of the stria vascularis, decrease in the number of the cochlear nerves, collapse of the saccular membrane and partial absence of the sensory epithelial layer in the saccular macula. These changes are quite similar in type to those occurring in labyrinthitis of known viral etiology and to those in previously reported cases of sudden deafness which were assumed to be of viral origin. This evidence suggests that a viral infection was the most probable etiology of sudden deafness in these ears. In addition, unusual findings of endolymphatic hydrops limited to the extreme basal end of the cochlear duct were found in Case 1. A patent cochlear aqueduct and circumscribed perilymphatic labyrinthine ossification in the superior semicircular canal were also observed. With these histopathological findings, the possibility of viral infection via the meninges as well as via the hematogenous route into the inner ear is proposed.

Bacteriophages Associated with Turkey Coecums in Bluecomb-Infected and Healthy Birds

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 226-227
Author(s):  
A. E. Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Host Cell ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Cell Interaction ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Viral Origin ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Host Cell Interaction

The cause of bluecomb disease in turkeys is unknown. Filtration of infective intestinal contents suggests a viral origin. To date, it has not been possible to isolate the etiologic agent in various cell cultures. The purpose of this work was to characterize as many virus-like entities as were recognizable in intestines of both healthy and bluecomb-infected turkeys. By a comparison of the viral populations it was hoped that some insight might be gained into the cause of this disease. Studies of turkey hemorraghic enteritis by Gross and Moore (Avian Dis. 11: 296-307, 1967) have suggested that a bacteriophage-host cell interaction may bear some causal relationship to that disease.

Oncornavirus assembly at the cell surface revealed in replicas of freeze-dried cells

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 354-355
Author(s):  
Anthony Demsey ◽  
Christopher W. Stackpole
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Surface Membrane ◽  
Viral Origin ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Structural Formation ◽  
Virus Core ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Surface Replica ◽  
Leukemia Viruses

The murine leukemia viruses are type-C oncornaviruses, and their release from the host cell involves a “budding” process in which the newly-forming, RNA-containing virus core becomes enveloped by modified cell surface membrane. Previous studies revealed that the released virions possess a dense array of 10 nm globular projections (“knobs”) on this envelope surface, and that these knobs contain a 70, 000 MW glycoprotein (gp70) of viral origin. Taking advantage of this distinctive structural formation, we have developed a procedure for freeze-drying and replication of intact cells which reveals surface detail superior to other surface replica techniques, and sufficient to detect even early stages of virus budding by localized aggregation of these knobs on the cell surface.Briefly, cells growing in monolayer are seeded onto round glass coverslips 10-12 mm in diameter. After a period of growth, cells are fixed in situ for one hour, usually with 1% OsO4 in 0. 1 M cacodylate buffer, and rinsed in distilled water.

Montmorillonite Dendrites

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
Necip Güven ◽  
Rodney W. Pease
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Growth Mechanism ◽  
Growth Front ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Dendritic Crystal ◽  
Crystal Growth Mechanism

Morphological features of montmorillonite aggregates in a large number of samples suggest that they may be formed by a dendritic crystal growth mechanism (i.e., tree-like growth by branching of a growth front).

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