scholarly journals Formulating a New Orthodontic Index: An Indian Board of Orthodontics Initiative

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-149
Author(s):  
Ashwin Mathew George ◽  
Ketan K. Vakil ◽  
Aravinthrajkumar Govindaraj ◽  
M. Vadivel Kumar ◽  
Rajaganesh Gautam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Peer Assessment ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Standard Format ◽  
Treatment Need ◽  
Discrepancy Index

A proposal to formulate an orthodontic index specific for the Indian Board of Orthodontics (IBO) to determine the acceptability and degree of difficulty of a cases submitted for the phase III examination was discussed at the College of Diplomates meet (CDIBO). To ascertain the degree of difficulty of a case is very subjective; therefore, the need to quantify the complexity of a case in a standard format is required. To develop a Discrepancy Index for the IBO, 20 Dental and Cephalometric components of a malocclusion and 20 intraoral frontal photographs would have to be evaluated and a weightage score for each component would be assigned. Components such as upper and lower anterior proclination, commonly seen in our Asian population which have been omitted in the commonly used indices such as PAR (Peer Assessment Review) IOTN (Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need) and the ICON (Index of Complexity,Outcome and Need) have been included. The proposed IBO Index would add uniformity and standardization in assessing the degree of difficulty and also the degree of improvement of a case, which would be a beneficial tool for a fair evaluation.

A Comparison of Three Orthodontic Treatment Indices with Regard to Angle Classification

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-174
Author(s):  
Emine Kaygisiz ◽  
Fatma Deniz Uzuner ◽  
Lale Taner
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Peer Assessment ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Treatment Need ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Spearman Correlation Test ◽  
Positive Correlations

Objectives: To calculate the agreement between the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and the Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON) in assessing orthodontic treatment need and to determine correlations between the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) and DAI and ICON scores according to Angle classification among patients referred for orthodontic evaluation. Study Design: This study included 457 randomly selected patients between 9 to17 years of age. Patients were divided into four groups according to Angle classification [Class I (n=154), Class II division 1(Class II/1) (n=155), Class II division 2(Class II/2) (n=52) and Class III (n=96)]. Relationships between PAR scores and ICON and DAI scores were evaluated with the Spearman correlation test. Unweighted kappa statistics were used to analyse agreement between the ICON and DAI on the need for treatment, according to Angle classification. Results: Class I malocclusions scored significantly lower than other Angle classifications in all indices. Both the ICON and DAI showed significant positive correlations with the PAR in the general study population. For Class II/2 patients, no correlation was found between PAR and DAI scores. There was significant agreement between the ICON and DAI on treatment need among Class I, Class II/1 and Class II/2 patients however, no agreement was found for Class III malocclusions. Conclusions: The ICON, DAI and PAR produce similar results and can be used interchangeably for the general orthodontic patient population. However, based on Angle classification, prominent differences exist in scoring certain occlusal features.

Assessment of General Dental Services Orthodontic Standards: The Dental Practice Board's Gradings Compared to PAR and IOTN

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Turbill ◽  
Stephen Richmond ◽  
Jean L. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Peer Assessment ◽  
Dental Practice ◽  
Dental Services ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Treatment Need ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Peer Assessment Rating Index ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Case Basis

The subjective grading of cases at the Dental Practice Board of England and Wales was compared to the Peer Assessment Rating Index (PAR) and Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) in assessing 1505 cases sampled at the Board between Late 1990 and mid-1991. Whilst some criteria are common to both systems, case by case there is only limited agreement; sources of disagreement are evaluated. The indices are essentially epidemiological tools; whilst they have shortcomings in assessing individual cases, they are related to peer opinion, and show good reliability when used on samples of cases. They can be readily updated, as findings of research or future peer opinion may dictate. Use of PAR and IOTN at the Board, instead of subjective gradings, would require a departure from decisions on withholding payment on a case by case basis. If, however, they were used onsamples of practitioners' caseloads to assess reduction of malocclusion, and residual malocclusion and need for treatment, practitioners fees could be up- or down-graded periodically according to their overall performance, to encourage more to adopt higher standards. Allowances could be made, however, for ‘limited objective treatments’ and cases where poor co-operation had impaired the result.

The Seven-year Outcome of an Early Orthodontic Treatment Strategy

2008 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 584-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kerosuo ◽  
M. Väkiparta ◽  
M. Nyström ◽  
K. Heikinheimo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Treatment Strategy ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Peer Assessment ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Treatment Need ◽  
Peer Assessment Rating Index

The benefits of early orthodontic treatment are continuously discussed, but studies are few. We examined whether definite need for orthodontic treatment could be eliminated in public health care by systematically focusing on early intervention. One age cohort living in a rural Finnish municipality (N = 85) was regularly followed from ages 8 to 15 years, and persons with malocclusions were treated according to a pre-planned protocol. Treatment need was assessed according to the Dental Health Component (DHC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need, and treatment outcome by the Peer Assessment Rating Index (PAR). Fifty-two percent of the cohort received treatment, and definite treatment need decreased from 33% to 9%. In the treated group, the mean PAR score reduction was 63%, and 51% showed more than 70% improvement. The results suggest that an early treatment strategy may considerably reduce the need for orthodontic treatment in public health care with limited specialist resources.

Evaluation of the peer assessment rating (PAR) index as an index of orthodontic treatment need

2002 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen R. Firestone ◽  
F.Michael Beck ◽  
Frank M. Beglin ◽  
Katherine W.L. Vig
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Peer Assessment ◽  
Treatment Need ◽  
Par Index ◽  
Peer Assessment Rating

scholarly journals Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) Index as an Alternative for Orthodontic Treatment Need Decision in Relation to Angle Classification

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Lale Taner ◽  
◽  
Fatma Deniz Uzuner ◽  
Yagmur Caylak ◽  
Zeynep Gencturk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Peer Assessment ◽  
Treatment Need ◽  
Par Index ◽  
Peer Assessment Rating

scholarly journals Evaluation of agreement and correlation of three occlusal indices in an assessment of orthodontic treatment need

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Djordjevic ◽  
Ivana Scepan ◽  
Branislav Glisic
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Peer Assessment ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Treatment Need ◽  
Peer Assessment Rating Index ◽  
School Of Dentistry ◽  
The Aesthetic

Background/Aim. Occlusal indices are quantitative diagnostic indicators of malocclusion severity, orthodontic treatment need, complexity and outcome. The aim of this study was to determine correlations and agreement among three occlusal indices: the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN), the Peer Assessment Rating Index (PAR) and the Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON) in evaluating orthodontic treatment need. Methods. A total eighty study models of patients referred to the Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Belgrade, were assessed in this retrospective study. Malocclusions of various types and severity in the permanent dentition were included. Results. The Aesthetic and the Dental Health Component of IOTN determined orthodontic treatment need in 25% and 51% of the patients, respectively. PAR determined orthodontic treatment need in 59% and ICON in 53% of patients. The Aesthetic Component of IOTN and ICON had the highest correlation (Spearman's correlation coefficient 0.95, p < 0.01). Correlations between indices were 0.44 to 0.61 with statistical significance (p < 0.01). The agreement between indices, calculated using Kappa statistics, was 0.22 to 0.63. Conclusion. The most critical in malocclusion assessment was PAR. The Aesthetic Component of IOTN and ICON correlated highly (p < 0.01). Correlations between other pairs of indices were moderate (p < 0.01). The Aesthetic Component of IOTN and ICON had substantial agreement, whereas agreement between other indices was fair or moderate. ICON could replace PAR and IOTN. Application of occlusal indices enables objective evaluation of orthodontic treatment need and easier determination of the treatment priorities.

scholarly journals Index of Complexity, Outcome, and Need (ICON) in Dubai school-aged adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Hebah Ali AlHammadi ◽  
Donald J. Ferguson ◽  
Laith Makki
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
South Asia ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Peer Assessment ◽  
Ethnic Background ◽  
Treatment Need ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to epidemiologically assess the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in school-aged adolescents in Dubai using the Index of Complexity, Outcome, and Need (ICON). Null hypothesis tested was no significant differences in ICON scores among Dubai students as a function of gender or geographic/ethnic background. Materials and Methods: The sample was 17,763 adolescents with nearly equal by gender; India and the United Arab Emirates were represented about the same. Scores for malocclusion from Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index evaluations combined with the esthetic component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) comprised the ICON score. Results: Male ICON scores were significantly greater than female scores. Three scores contributing to ICON were significantly higher in males, i.e., buccal anterior-posterior occlusion, incisor overbite, and esthetic component. ICON scores for South Asia were significantly higher than the Middle East, i.e., 59.9 versus 52.4, P = 0.000. ICON scores were no different for the UAE males and females but otherwise significantly different (>) as follows: Indian males > Indian females > UAE males = UAE females. Conclusions: Dubai school-aged adolescents treatment need is the same for the UAE males and females, but there is a significantly greater orthodontic treatment need for males and females from India.

scholarly journals Orthodontic Treatment Need and the Psychosocial Impact of Malocclusion in 12-Year-Old Hong Kong Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Baram ◽  
Yanqi Yang ◽  
Chong Ren ◽  
Ziling Wang ◽  
Ricky Wing Kit Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Peer Assessment ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Psychosocial Impact ◽  
Treatment Need ◽  
The Aesthetic

Objectives. To determine the prevalence of orthodontic treatment need in 12-year-old children in Hong Kong and its relationship with the psychosocial impact of malocclusion and to assess their associations with sociodemographic factors.Materials and Methods. A random sample of 687 12-year-old children was recruited from 45 secondary schools in Hong Kong. Orthodontic treatment need was assessed on study models by five indices: the Dental Health Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN-DHC), the Aesthetic Component of the IOTN (IOTN-AC), the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI), the Index of Complexity Outcome and Need (ICON), and the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR). The psychosocial impact of malocclusion on participants and sociodemographic factors were obtained from a questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to examine the correlations between treatment need and the psychosocial impact of malocclusion as well as their associations with sociodemographic factors.Results. The final number of participants was 667 (339 boys and 328 girls, participation rate 667/687 = 97.1%). The prevalence of orthodontic treatment need varied depending on the indices used (10.9–47.8%), but significant correlations were found among the five indices (p< 0.01). The uptake of treatment among the cohort was 2.3%. Boys had higher IOTN-DHC (p< 0.05), DAI (p< 0.05), and PAR (p= 0.05) scores than girls. IOTN-AC was significantly associated with the psychosocial impact of malocclusion (p< 0.05). Parents’ level of education and household income were not significantly associated with either treatment need or the psychosocial impact of malocclusion (p> 0.05).Conclusion. The need for orthodontic treatment in 12-year-old children in Hong Kong remained high, and the uptake of treatment was low. Boys had a higher normative treatment need than girls. Among the five indices, IOTN-AC appears to be the best indicator of the psychosocial impact of malocclusion.

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