scholarly journals Associations Between Neurocognitive Characteristics, Treatment Outcome, and Dropout Among Aggressive Forensic Psychiatric Outpatients

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 3853-3872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danique Smeijers ◽  
Erik Bulten ◽  
Jan Buitelaar ◽  
Robbert-Jan Verkes
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Cognitive Distortions ◽  
Psychiatric Outpatients ◽  
Anger Control ◽  
Aggression Replacement Training ◽  
Trait Aggression ◽  
The Social ◽  
Forensic Psychiatric ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Control Modules

Aggression Replacement Training (ART) is widely used to reduce aggression and is considered to be effective although there are also inconsistent results. Studies investigating the effectiveness of ART do not focus on neurocognitive characteristics. Focusing on these aspects would result in enhanced understanding of underlying mechanisms of ART. The current open uncontrolled treatment study assessed whether neurocognitive characteristics were associated with change in aggression during the social skills and anger control modules of ART among forensic psychiatric outpatients. Furthermore, differences between treatment dropouts and completers and change in these characteristics during ART were examined. A reduction of trait aggression, cognitive distortions, and social anxiety was observed. Neurocognitive characteristics were not associated with change in aggression, could not distinguish treatment completers from dropouts, and did not change after ART. It is suggested that new paradigms should be developed which take into account the social context in which these impairments appear.

scholarly journals Treatment Responsivity of Aggressive Forensic Psychiatric Outpatients

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 3834-3852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danique Smeijers ◽  
Erik Bulten ◽  
Jan Buitelaar ◽  
Robbert-Jan Verkes
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Distortions ◽  
Dropping Out ◽  
Treatment Motivation ◽  
Psychiatric Outpatients ◽  
Aggression Replacement Training ◽  
Trait Aggression ◽  
The Social ◽  
Forensic Psychiatric ◽  
Treatment Responsivity ◽  
Control Modules

Aggression replacement training (ART) is widely used to reduce aggression. Results regarding its effectiveness, however, are inconclusive regarding adults and specific populations displaying severe aggression. The current open uncontrolled treatment study aimed at assessing the social skills and anger control modules of the ART to reduce aggression in forensic psychiatric outpatients (FPOs). Furthermore, characteristics associated with treatment outcome and dropout were examined. The results suggested that aggression changed during the ART. In addition, higher baseline levels of trait aggression were associated with greater reductions of aggression, whereas more cognitive distortions were associated with less reduction. Treatment dropouts were characterized by higher levels of psychopathic traits, proactive aggression, and more weekly substance use. As there was a considerable amount of dropout; it is important to assess risk of dropping out of treatment and, subsequently, improve treatment motivation. This might enhance treatment adherence which may lead to a more successful reduction of aggression.

scholarly journals Testing the Effects of a Virtual Reality Game for Aggressive Impulse Management: A Preliminary Randomized Controlled Trial among Forensic Psychiatric Outpatients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1484
Author(s):  
Danique Smeijers ◽  
Erik H. Bulten ◽  
Robbert-Jan Verkes ◽  
Sander L. Koole
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Psychiatric Outpatients ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Aggression Replacement Training ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Forensic Psychiatric

Prior laboratory experiments among healthy samples found that training avoidance movements to angry faces may lower anger and aggression, especially people high in trait anger. To enrich this training and make it more suitable for clinical applications, the present researchers developed it into a Virtual Reality Game for Aggressive Impulse Management (VR-GAIME). The current study examined the effects of this training in a randomized controlled trial among forensic psychiatric outpatients with aggression regulation problems (N = 30). In addition to the aggression replacement training, patients played either the VR-GAIME or a control game. Aggressive behavior was measured pre-, half-way, and post-treatment via self-report and clinicians ratings. No difference was found between the VR-GAIME and the control game. However, the participants reported gaining more insight into their own behavior and that of others. Future VR intervention tools in clinical settings may capitalize more on their benefits for self-reflection within interpersonal settings.

Aggression Replacement Training for Violent Young Men in a Forensic Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (18) ◽  
pp. 3174-3191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruud H. J. Hornsveld ◽  
Floris W. Kraaimaat ◽  
Peter Muris ◽  
Almar J. Zwets ◽  
Thijs Kanters
Keyword(s):  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Aggression Replacement Training ◽  
Psychiatric Outpatient ◽  
Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Forensic Psychiatric

scholarly journals Patient and Therapist In-Session Cortisol as Predictor of Post-Session Patient Reported Affect

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1483
Author(s):  
Eyal Levi ◽  
Susanne Fischer ◽  
Hadar Fisher ◽  
Roee Admon ◽  
Sigal Zilcha-Mano
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Stress Hormone ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Retrospective Reports ◽  
The Social ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Common ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

The importance of the role of affect in psychotherapy for major depressive disorder (MDD) is well established, but the common use of self-reported measures may limit our understanding of its underlying mechanisms. A promising predictor of patient affect is the stress hormone cortisol. To date, no studies have studied in-session changes in cortisol in psychotherapy for MDD. We investigated whether an increase in patient cortisol over the course of a session correlated with higher negative and lower positive affect. Given previous findings on healthy individuals on the contagious nature of stress, an additional aim was to examine whether these relationships are moderated by therapist cortisol. To this end, 40 dyads (including 6 therapists) provided saliva samples before and after four pre-specified sessions (616 samples). After each session, the patients provided retrospective reports of in-session affect. We found no association between patient cortisol and affect. However, increases in patient cortisol predicted negative affect when the therapists exhibited decreases in cortisol, and increases in patient cortisol predicted positive affect when the therapists showed increases. Our study provides initial evidence for the importance of the social context in the cortisol–affect relationship in MDD.

COLLABORATIVE TESTING IN STATISTICS: GROUP INTERACTION, ANXIETY, AND CLASS PERFORMANCE

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-67
Author(s):  
SUSAN KAPITANOFF ◽  
CAROL PANDEY
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Statistics Education ◽  
Collaborative Testing ◽  
Research Journal ◽  
Collaborative Interactions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Final Exams ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Interaction Anxiety

Seventy-one students in two community college Statistics for the Social Sciences classes took six exams either individually or collaboratively. Assignment to test condition was randomly determined for each exam. Scores on collaboratively-taken exams were significantly higher than those for individually-taken exams, particularly for students with low GPAs and high test anxiety. Women’s, but not men’s, performances on the mid-term and final exams was related to the quality and quantity of their collaborative interactions. Thus, examining both quantity and quality of collaboration adds to our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of collaborative testing. First published November 2018 at Statistics Education Research Journal Archives

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