scholarly journals Clinical Evaluation of Etidocaine in Continuous Caudal Analgesia for Pelvic Floor Repair and Post-Operative Pain Relief

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. T. Seow ◽  
H. H. Chiu ◽  
C. Y. Tye
Keyword(s):  
Pelvic Floor ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Pelvic Floor Repair ◽  
Post Operative Pain ◽  
Caudal Anaesthesia ◽  
Caudal Analgesia

A randomized double-blind trial compared 1·0% etidocaine and 1·5% lignocaine (both with 1/200,000 adrenaline), for caudal anaesthesia for pelvic floor repair. Etidocaine was highly effective for the surgical procedure, with rapid onset of action, adequate muscle relaxation and longer duration of action. Its use for post-operative analgesia may be hindered by the concomitant immobilization of the legs. The problem of tachyphylaxis with etidocaine needs further investigation.

A Clinical Comparison of Orally Administered Aspirin, Dextropropoxyphene and Pentazocine in the Treatment of Post-Operative Pain

1974 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Kay
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Severe Pain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Analgesic Drugs ◽  
Patient Study ◽  
Post Operative Pain

A double-blind between-patient study involving 225 adult patients was carried out to compare the efficacy of oral aspirin ( 650 mg), dextropropoxyphene (65 mg) and pentazocine ( 50 mg) in post-operative pain. All the patients were initially in moderate or severe pain and all three drugs produced some degree of pain relief. The onset of action of pentazocine was significantly more rapid than that of aspirin or dextropropoxyphene. The analgesia provided by dextropropoxyphene was significantly inferior to that achieved with aspirin or pentazocine and the duration of action, assessed by patient demand for further analgesic drugs, was also significantly shorter than that of the other two drugs. The incidence and severity of side-effects was greatest in the dextropropoxyphene group and it is concluded from these results that pentazocine should be the oral analgesic of choice in the treatment of post-operative pain.

Evaluation of Leponex (Clozapine) in Schizophrenia with Acute Symptomatology

1973 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 627-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Singer ◽  
C M Lam
Keyword(s):  
Side Effect ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Low Dosage

Thirty-three in-patients, diagnosed as suffering from schizophrenia with acute symptomatology, were involved in a double-blind cross-over trial comparing Leponex (clozapine) with placebo. Leponex was found to be effective, particularly in the control of paranoid manifestations and excited and aggressive behaviour, with rapid onset of action. The drug should however be used with some caution at this stage because of its hypotensive effects, which led to collapse in 13% of cases in the initial stages of treatment. This side-effect could be avoided by starting on low dosage.

scholarly journals Comparison of Ketamine, Fentanyl and Clonidine as an Adjuvant During Bupivacaine Caudal Anaesthesia in Paediatric Patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Jeevan Singh ◽  
RS Shah ◽  
N Vaidya ◽  
PK Mahato ◽  
S Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Normal Saline Group ◽  
Post Operative Pain ◽  
Caudal Anaesthesia ◽  
Caudal Analgesia ◽  
Lower Pain ◽  
Group B

Background Caudal epidural analgesia with bupivacaine is very popular in paediatric anaesthesia for providing intra- and postoperative analgesia. Several adjuvants have been used to prolong the action of bupivacaine. Objectives To compare the efficacy of ketamine, fentanyl and clonidine in terms of quality and duration of analgesia they produce when added with caudal bupivacaine by single shot technique in children. Methods Eighty children, age one to ten years, undergoing sub-umbilical surgery, were prospectively randomized to one of four groups: caudal analgesia with 0.75 ml/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine in normal saline (Group B) or caudal analgesia with 0.75 ml/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine with 1 μg/kg of clonidine in normal saline (Group BC) or caudal analgesia with 0.75ml/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine with ketamine 0.5mg/kg (Group BK) or caudal analgesia with 0.75ml/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine with fentanyl 1mcg/kg (Group BF). Post-operative pain was assessed for 24 hours using the FLACC scale. Results The mean duration of analgesia was significantly longer in Group BC (629.06 ± 286.32 min) than other three groups P < 0.05. The pain score assessed using FLACC scale was compared between the four groups, and children in Group BC had lower pain scores, which was statistically significant. The requirement of rescue medicine was lesser in Group BC. Clonidine in a dose of 1 μg/kg added to 0.25% bupivacaine for caudal analgesia, during sub-umbilical surgeries, prolongs the duration of analgesia of bupivacaine, without any side effects in compare to fentanyl or ketamine. Conclusion We conclude that clonidine in a dose of 1 μg/kg, added to 0.25% bupivacaine for caudal analgesia and administered as a 0.75 ml/kg mixture in children, for sub-umbilical surgery, significantly prolongs the duration of post-operative analgesia when compared to 0.75 ml/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine in normal saline than 0.75 ml/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine with ketamine 0.5 mg/kg or 0.75 ml/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine with fentanyl 1 mcg/kg or 0.75 ml/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine alone, without any side effects. Kathmandu University Medical Journal | VOL.10 | NO. 3 | ISSUE 39 | JUL- SEP 2012 | Page 25-29 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i3.8013

Naftifine cream 1% versus clotrimazole cream 1% in the treatment of tinea pedis. Naftifine Podiatric Study Group

1990 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 314-318 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Tinea Pedis ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Double Blind

Fifty-seven subjects with tinea pedis applied naftifine cream 1% or clotrimazole cream 1% to affected areas twice daily for 4 to 6 weeks in a double-blind, randomized trial. Throughout the study, more naftifine-treated than clotrimazole-treated subjects were mycologically cured and globally improved, although differences were not statistically significant. Similar trends favoring naftifine were observed in the resolution of signs and symptoms. Treatment differences noted as early as week 2 suggest that naftifine may have a more rapid onset of action than clotrimazole.

Sedation at the end of life

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric L. Krakauer
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Terminally Ill ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Palliative Sedation ◽  
Anaesthetic Induction ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Agitated Delirium ◽  
Induction Agents

Palliative sedation is a well-accepted therapy that should be considered in the rare situations when a terminally ill patient whose overriding goal is comfort experiences severe suffering that is refractory to all available standard palliative interventions. Typically, such suffering is caused by physical or neuropsychiatric symptoms such as pain, dyspnoea, vomiting, seizures, agitated delirium, anxiety, or depression. The level of sedation should be proportional to an individual patient’s suffering and should be just deep enough to provide the desired relief. In some cases, sedation to unconsciousness is necessary. The intention of palliative sedation should be only to relieve suffering, never to hasten death. Informed consent must be obtained, and clinicians should demonstrate their intentions by documenting the regimen used and the patient’s response. Ideal medications have a rapid onset of action and a short duration of action that facilitate titration to the desired effect. The best agents are barbiturates such as pentobarbital and anaesthetic induction agents such as propofol.

scholarly journals Efficacy of tramadol as an adjuvant to bupivacaine for caudal analgesia in children: a randomised controlled trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Upendra Krishna Regmi ◽  
Shanta Sapkota
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Postoperative Analgesia ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Local Anaesthetics ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Caudal Anaesthesia ◽  
Caudal Analgesia ◽  
Group B

Background: The goal of postoperative analgesia is to minimise pain with least possible side effects and in our setting be as cost effective as possible. In children, caudal anaesthesia is typically combined with general anaesthesia for intraoperative and postoperative analgesia. Adjuvants can be added to local anaesthetics for prolonging the duration of analgesia. This study was done to find out the duration of analgesia of caudal Bupivacaine in combination with Tramadol.Methods: This prospective, randomised, double-blind, comparative study was done by taking a total of 60 patients, aged between 2 to 7 years undergoing elective lower abdominal, urological and lower extremity surgeries. The patients were randomized to group A (n=30) receiving 1 ml/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine and group B (n=30) receiving 1 ml/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine plus 1mg/kg of tramadol caudally. Duration of analgesia, hemodynamic responses and adverse effects were noted and analysed.Results: Thirty patients in both groups were comparable with regard to demographic data and hemodynamic response and were statistically non-significant (P>0.05). It was observed that the mean duration of analgesia was significantly longer in group B (467.5±164.5 min versus 240.5±69.4 min, P<0.001). One patient in each group had postoperative vomiting.Conclusion: Tramadol 1mg/kg as an adjuvant to bupivacaine 0.25% for caudal analgesia in children is effective in increasing the duration of analgesia without an increase of adverse effects.

scholarly journals Rapid Onset of Action of Levodopa in Restless Legs Syndrome: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Multicenter, Crossover Trial

SLEEP ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1073-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heike Beneš ◽  
Brigitte Kurella ◽  
Juergen Kummer ◽  
Joerg Kazenwadel ◽  
Roland Selzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Restless Legs Syndrome ◽  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Restless Legs

An analgesiometry system for use in rabbits with some preliminary data on the effects of buprenorphine and lofentanil

1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Wootton ◽  
G. Crosst ◽  
S. Wood ◽  
C. D. Westt
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Rectal Administration ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Long Acting

A low cost infrared skin heating system has been designed to measure the efficacy of analgesics in rabbits. Following construction of a prototype, it was used to assess the effect of buprenorphine given subcutaneously and per rectum. Buprenorphine administered subcutaneously has a rapid onset of action, but its duration (8-10 h) appears slightly shorter than has been suggested previously; rectal administration appears to prolong its effect. Preliminary data show that lofentanil has a longer duration of action than buprenorphine and it may prove, therefore, to be a valuable long-acting analgesic in the rabbit.

ORG 9487 Neuromuscular Block at the Adductor Pollicis and the Laryngeal Adductor Muscles in Humans 

1997 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 1300-1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertrand Debaene ◽  
Thomas Lieutaud ◽  
Valerie Billard ◽  
Claude Meistelman
Keyword(s):  
Neuromuscular Block ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Adductor Pollicis ◽  
Vocal Cords ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Adductor Pollicis Muscle ◽  
Org 9487 ◽  
Adductor Muscles

Background ORG 9487 is a new steroidal nondepolarizing muscle relaxant with a rapid onset of action. This study was designed to determine the neuromuscular blocking profile of ORG 9487 at the adductor muscles of the larynx and the adductor pollicis. Methods In 30 adults, anesthesia was induced with propofol (2-5 mg/kg) and fentanyl (2-3 microg/kg). After train-of-four stimulation, the block of the laryngeal adductor muscles was evaluated by measuring the pressure changes in the cuff of the tracheal tube placed between the vocal cords, and the force of the contraction of the adductor pollicis was measured with a force transducer. Patients were randomly allocated to receive ORG 9487 at intravenous bolus doses of 0.75, 1.5 or 2 mg/kg (n = 10 in each group). Results Time to peak effect was significantly shorter at the vocal cords than at the adductor pollicis muscle (P &lt; 0.001). Onset time at the vocal cords was 62 +/- 16 s, 62 +/- 13 s, and 52 +/- 14 s (mean +/- SD) after doses of 0.75, 1.5, and 2 mg/kg, respectively (not significant). Onset time at the adductor pollicis muscle was 126 +/- 33 s, 96 +/- 20 s, and 82 +/- 21 s after 0.75, 1.5, and 2 mg/kg doses, respectively (P &lt; 0.001). Maximum block was significantly less intense at the vocal cords than at the adductor pollicis muscle (69 +/- 15% vs. 94 +/- 4% after 0.75 mg/kg; 86 +/- 7% vs. 97 +/- 4% after 1.5 mg/kg; and 91 +/- 5% vs. 99 +/- 1% after 2 mg/kg). After 1.5 mg/kg duration to 25%, recovery was 3.7 +/- 2.2 min versus 10.2 +/- 2.5 min at the vocal cords and the adductor pollicis muscle, respectively, and 75% recovery occurred at 9.7 +/- 3.7 min at the vocal cords and at 18.3 +/- 5.2 min at the adductor pollicis muscle. Conclusions ORG 9487 has a rapid onset of action at the laryngeal adductor and the adductor pollicis muscles. Onset and duration of action are faster at the vocal cords than at the adductor pollicis muscle. However, the maximum block obtained at the laryngeal muscles was less than at the adductor pollicis, regardless of the dose of ORG 9487.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document