Cognitive Function during Moderate Hypoxaemia

The effect of hypoxaemia (mean SpO2 78%) on cognitive function was measured in two groups of twelve normal subjects. A series of psychometric tests was administered to each subject in the same sequence and consisted of the Reitan trail-making test, a digit symbol substitution test, a visuospatial orientation test and the simple unprepared reaction-time test. Psychomotor performance was assessed in a double-blind manner while the subjects were breathing first air and then either air or a hypoxic mixture. While there was improvement in time for the trail-making test during a repeat study breathing air, there was significant deterioration of time to completion of the test in conditions of hypoxia. A significant learning effect in the orientation test was seen in the control group but this did not occur in hypoxic subjects. Hypoxaemia was shown to cause a significant impairment of simple unprepared reaction time compared with controls. All the changes in cognitive function were small and there were no subjective differences in the air or hypoxic groups. The usefulness of the Reitan trail-making and the simple unprepared reaction-time test in the assessment of psychomotor performance deficit under conditions of hypoxaemia has been demonstrated by this study in normal subjects. It was concluded that a mean oxygen saturation of 78% caused only minor changes in cognitive function in normal subjects.

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Mobile Framework for Cognitive Assessment: Trail Making Test and Reaction Time Test

2014 IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology ◽

10.1109/cit.2014.164 ◽

2014 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bill Cassidy ◽

Gemma Stringer ◽

Moi Hoon Yap

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Cognitive Assessment ◽

Trail Making Test ◽

Trail Making ◽

Time Test ◽

Reaction Time Test

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Attentional deficit in the siblings of schizophrenics

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291700032001 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 465-467 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Rodger L. Wood ◽

Mark cook

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Choice Reaction Time ◽

Matched Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Matched Control Group ◽

Attentional Deficit ◽

Time Test ◽

Vigilance Test ◽

Reaction Time Test

SynopsisA study of attentional deficit in the relatives of schizophrenics and in a matched control group is reported, in which the relatives are found to have poorer scores on a vigilance test and on a choice reaction time test. It is concluded that this deficit points to one of the primary symptoms of schizophrenia, and suggestions for further research are made

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Pre-pandemic cognitive function and COVID-19 mortality: prospective cohort study

10.1101/2021.02.07.21251082 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

G. David Batty ◽

Ian J. Deary ◽

Catharine R. Gale

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Elevated Risk ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Time Test ◽

Reaction Time Test ◽

Numeric Reasoning

AbstractBackgroundPoorer performance on standard tests of cognitive function is related to an elevated risk of death from lower respiratory tract infections. Whether pre-pandemic measures of cognition are related to COVID-19 mortality is untested.MethodsUK Biobank, a prospective cohort study, comprises around half a million people who were aged 40 to 69 years at study induction between 2006 and 2010 when a reaction time test was administered to the full sample, and verbal-numeric reasoning assessed in a subgroup. Death from COVID-19 was ascertained from participant linkage to a UK-wide national registry.ResultsBetween April 1st and September 23rd 2020, there were 388 deaths (138 women) ascribed to COVID-19 in the 494,932 individuals (269,602 women) with a reaction time test result, and 125 such deaths (38 women) in the 180,198 (97,794 women) for whom there were data on verbal-numeric reasoning. In analyses adjusted for age, sex, and ethnicity, a one standard deviation (118.2 msec) slower reaction time was related to a higher rate of death from COVID-19 (hazard ratio; 95% confidence interval: 1.18; 1.09, 1.28). A one standard deviation disadvantage (2.16 point) on the verbal-numeric reasoning test was also associated with an elevated risk of death (1.32; 1.09, 1.59). Attenuation after adjustment for additional covariates followed a similar pattern for both measures of cognition. For verbal-numeric reasoning, for instance, the hazard ratios were 1.22 (0.98, 1.51) after control for socioeconomic status, 1.16 (0.96, 1.41) after lifestyle factors, 1.25 (1.04, 1.52) after co-morbidity, and 1.29 (1.01, 1.64) after physiological indices.ConclusionsIn the present study, poorer performance on two pre-pandemic indicators of cognitive function, including reaction time, a knowledge-reduced measure, was related to death ascribed to COVID-19.

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Psychomotor Abilities of Professional Handball Players

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16111909 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. 1909 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Krzysztof Przednowek ◽

Maciej Śliż ◽

Justyna Lenik ◽

Bartosz Dziadek ◽

Stanisław Cieszkowski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Simple Reaction Time ◽

Movement Time ◽

Reaction Times ◽

Control Group ◽

Dominant Hand ◽

Coordination Test ◽

Hand Eye Coordination ◽

Time Test ◽

Reaction Time Test

The main purpose of the paper was to evaluate selected psychomotor abilities of handball players depending on the competition class (league), position on the court, training seniority and the dominant hand. The study covered a group of 40 handball players (age: 24.02 ± 3.99), while 50 non-training men (age: 22.90 ± 1.13) formed the control group. Studies were performed using Test2Drive computer tests. The following four tests were used for measuring psychomotor fitness: simple reaction time test, choice reaction time test, hand-eye coordination test and spatial anticipation test. An analysis revealed that handball players had better reaction times and movement times than the control group. The league, position on the court, training seniority and the dominant upper limb were analysed for their impact on the reaction time and movement time in handball players. An analysis of psychomotor abilities of handball players with regard to the league revealed that in the majority of tests the Superliga players had a shorter reaction time than players in lower leagues.

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Pre-pandemic cognitive function and COVID-19 mortality: prospective cohort study

European Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1007/s10654-021-00743-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

George David Batty ◽

Ian J. Deary ◽

Catharine R. Gale

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Economic Status ◽

Information Processing Speed ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Time Test ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Reaction Time Test ◽

Numeric Reasoning

AbstractPoorer performance on standard tests of pre-morbid cognitive function is related to an elevated risk of death from lower respiratory tract infections but the link with coronavirus (COVID‑19) mortality is untested. Participants in UK Biobank, aged 40 to 69 years at study induction (2006–10), were administered a reaction time test, an indicator of information processing speed, and also had their verbal-numeric reasoning assessed. Between April 1st and September 23rd 2020 there were 388 registry-confirmed deaths (138 women) ascribed to COVID-19 in 494,932 individuals (269,602 women) with a reaction time test result, and 125 such deaths (38 women) in the subgroup of 180,198 people (97,794 women) with data on verbal-numeric reasoning. In analyses adjusted for age, sex, and ethnicity, a one standard deviation slower reaction time was related to a higher rate of death from COVID-19 (hazard ratio; 95% confidence interval: 1.18; 1.09, 1.28), as was a one standard deviation disadvantage on the verbal-numeric reasoning test (1.32; 1.09, 1.59). While there was some attenuation in these relationships after adjustment for additional covariates which included socio-economic status and lifestyle factors, the two pre-pandemic indicators of cognitive function continued to be related to COVID-19 mortality.

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TERAPI STIMULASI KOGNITIF UNTUK LANSIA DENGAN MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT: STUDI EKSPERIMENTAL DI PANTI WREDA

Majalah Kedokteran Neurosains Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Saraf Indonesia ◽

10.52386/neurona.v36i4.83 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Nathalie Sanchia ◽

Magdalena Surjaningsih Halim

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cognitive Stimulation ◽

Control Group ◽

Trail Making Test ◽

Not Given ◽

Cognitive Stimulation Therapy ◽

Trail Making

COGNITIVE STIMULATION THERAPY FOR ELDERLY WITH MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY IN NURSING HOMEABSTRACTIntroduction: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a transitional stage between the elderly’s normal (expected) cognitive decline and the more serious decline caused by dementia that needs interventions. One of the non-pharmacological interventions that can be done is cognitive stimulation therapy (CST). Research has shown that CST can stabilize and/ improve cognitive function in the elderly with MCI.Aims: To find out the differences in cognitive functions in the elderly with MCI and given CST intervention and elderly with MCI not given CST intervention.Methods: This was an experimental study that included elderly aged 60 years old divided into experimental and control group, each consists of four subjects. The experimental group was given CST twice a week with a total of fifteen meetings, but not on the control group. All subjects were subjected to cognitive examinations using neuropsychological instruments before, after, and one month after CST was completed. The statistical analysis performed in this study was Mann-Whitney U Test.Results: There was a significant difference in cognitive function in the attention domain with the trail making test sub-test and the memory domain with the digit pan sub-test after the CST is finished. One month after CST is completed, there were significant differences in cognitive function, in the memory domain.Discussion: The elderly group with MCI given CST has a different cognitive function than elderly group who are not given CST.Keywords: Cognitive function, elderly, mild cognitive impairment, nursing houseABSTRAKPendahuluan: Gangguan kognitif ringan atau mild cognitive impairment (MCI) merupakan proses transisi antara penurunan kognitif normal dan demensia yang perlu diintervensi. Salah satu intervensi non-farmakologis yang dapat dilakukan adalah cognitive stimulation therapy (CST). Banyak penelitian menunjukkan bahwa CST dapat menstabilkan dan/meningkatkan fungsi kognitif pada lansia dengan MCI.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh intervensi CST terhadap fungsi kognitif lansia dengan MCI.Metode: Studi eksperimental pada subjek lansia usia 60 tahun yang dibagi menjadi kelompok eksperimen dan kontrol yang masing-masing terdiri dari 4 subjek. Kelompok eksperimen dilakukan CST dua kali seminggu sebanyak lima belas kali pertemuan, tidak pada kelompok kontrol. Seluruh subjek dilakukan pemeriksaan kognitif dengan menggunakan instrumen neuropsikologi sebelum, sesudah, dan satu bulan setelah CST selesai. Analisis statistik menggunakan Mann- Whitney U test.Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan fungsi kognitif yang signifikan pada domain atensi dengan subtes Trail Making Test dan domain memori dengan subtes digit span setelah CST selesai. Satu bulan setelah CST selesai, terdapat perbedaan fungsi kognitif yang signifikan pada domain memori.Diskusi: Kelompok lansia dengan MCI yang diberikan CST memiliki fungsi kognitif yang berbeda dengan kelompok lansia yang tidak diberikan CST.Kata kunci: Fungsi kognitif, gangguan kognitif ringan, lansia, panti wreda

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Simple Reaction Time Test

PsycTESTS Dataset ◽

10.1037/t05446-000 ◽

2012 ◽

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Simple Reaction Time ◽

Simple Reaction ◽

Time Test ◽

Reaction Time Test

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Acceptable Levels of Tonal and Broad-Band Repetitive and Continuous Sounds during the Performance of Nonauditory Tasks

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1995.81.3.803 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 81 (3) ◽

pp. 803-816 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ulf Landström ◽

Anders Kjellberg ◽

Marianne Byström

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Sound Pressure ◽

Broad Band ◽

Reaction Time Task ◽

Simple Reaction Time Task ◽

Reasoning Test ◽

Band Noise ◽

Time Test ◽

The Difference ◽

Reaction Time Test

Three groups of 24 subjects were exposed to a 1000–Hz tone or broad band noise in a sound chamber. During the exposures subjects were engaged in an easy reaction time test or a difficult grammatical reasoning test. For each exposure and work subjects adjusted the noise to a tolerance level defined by its interference with task performance. During the simple reaction-time task significantly higher sound-pressure levels were accepted than during the reasoning test. At the tonal exposure, much lower levels were accepted than during the exposure to broad-band noise. For continuous sound exposures much higher levels were accepted than for noncontinuous exposures. For tonal exposures the difference was approximately 5 dB, for the broad-band exposures approximately 9 dB. In a separate study the effects of the noncontinuity of the noise and pauses were analysed. The raised annoying effect of the noncontinuous noise was not more affected by the noncontinuity of the noise periods than by the noncontinuity of the pauses. The results imply that the annoying reactions to the sound will be increased for repetitive noise and that the reaction is highly influenced by the over-all noncontinuity of the exposure.

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