scholarly journals The Cardiovascular, Coagulation and Haematological Effects of Tiger Snake (Notechis scutatus) Venom

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 529-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tibballs
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Products ◽  
Pulmonary Artery Occlusion Pressure ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Low Cardiac Output ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Systemic Hypotension ◽  
Fibrin Degradation Products ◽  
Vasoactive Substances ◽  
Vascular Obstruction ◽  
Pulmonary Vascular Obstruction

The cardiovascular, coagulation and haematological effects of Tiger Snake (Notechis scutatus) venom were investigated in anaesthetized, mechanically ventilated dogs. Intravenous infusion of venom caused dose-related systemic hypotension, low cardiac output, pulmonary hypertension and raised pulmonary artery occlusion pressure. These effects occurred within several minutes of venom administration but recovered over 30 to 40 minutes. They were accompanied by prolongation of prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times and by depletion of serum fibrinogen. Fibrin degradation products were not detected. Thrombocytopenia and leucopenia were observed within minutes of venom administration but recovered over 30 to 40 minutes. The mechanism of systemic hypotension is probably pulmonary vascular obstruction and coronary ischaemia caused by disseminated intravascular coagulation, although the existence of a myocardial depressant in venom or release of vasoactive substances by venom cannot be excluded.

scholarly journals The Cardiovascular, Coagulation and Haematological Effects of Tiger Snake (Notechis scutatus) Prothrombin Activator and Investigation of Release of Vasoactive Substances

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 536-547
Author(s):  
J. Tibballs
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Pulmonary Artery Occlusion Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Pulmonary Vasculature ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Vasoactive Substances ◽  
Endogenous Substances ◽  
Prior Administration

The cardiovascular, coagulation and haematological effects of prothrombin activator from Tiger Snake (Notechis scutatus) venom were investigated in anaesthetized mechanically ventilated dogs. Infusion caused dose-related systemic hypotension, marked decreases in cardiac output and stroke volume, marked increases in pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary artery occlusion pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. Effects occurred within several minutes but abated over 30 to 40 minutes. Evidence of procoagulation included prolongation of prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times and depletion of serum fibrinogen. Thrombocytopenia and leucopenia occurred. All effects were prevented by prior administration of heparin but none by inhaled nitric oxide. Oesophageal echocardiography during infusion identified thrombi within the heart, right ventricular dilatation and dyskinesia. Electrocardiography suggested myocardial ischaemia. Pulmonary thromboemboli were identified histologically post mortem. Cardiovascular effects of the activator were not due to a variety of endogenous substances as indicated by use of antagonists to platelet activating factor and thromboxane A2, indomethacin, dexamethasone, serotonin, ketanserin, histamine, promethazine and ondansetron. Tiger Snake prothrombin activator causes bilateral ventricular failure by thrombotic obstruction of the pulmonary vasculature and possibly by coronary ischaemia.

PRIMARY PULMONARY VASCULAR OBSTRUCTION IN CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-87
Author(s):  
Otto G. Thilenius ◽  
Alexander S. Nadas ◽  
Hubert Jockin
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Pulmonary Artery Hypertension ◽  
Recessive Trait ◽  
Low Cardiac Output ◽  
Congestive Failure ◽  
Mean Pressure ◽  
Vascular Obstruction ◽  
Pulmonary Vascular Obstruction

1. Nine patients with primary pulmonary vascular obstruction observed at the Children's Hospital Medical Center between 1953 and 1963 are presented. 2. The clinical profile is quite uniform and corresponds well with the 26 pediatric patients reported in the literature. Symptoms begin predominately under 3 years of age and consist principally of consequences of low cardiac output, including fatigue, dyspnea on exertion, and syncope. Signs are those of pulmonary artery hypertension leading to right-sided congestive failure. Death, often instantaneous, occurs usually within 1 year after onset of symptoms. 3. Findings at cardiac catheterization consist of pulmonary artery hypertension (exceeding systemic pressures), low cardiac output, pulmonary vascular obstruction, and a normal pulmonary capillary mean pressure. There are no left to right shunts present; a small right to left shunt at the atrial level (patent foramen ovale at autopsy was seen once. 4. Etiologic clues were not discovered. Detailed family histories are compatible with the possibility of a recessive trait. Familial incidence is reported. 5. No effective therapy is available.

Effect of static or slowly flowing blood on carbon monoxide diffusion in dog lungs

1979 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 992-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Holden ◽  
C. P. Hallenborg ◽  
T. E. Menzel ◽  
R. Dozor ◽  
P. D. Graf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Left Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Pulmonary Capillaries ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
Flowing Blood ◽  
Vascular Obstruction ◽  
The Right ◽  
Pulmonary Vascular Obstruction

During temporary left pulmonary artery occlusion (TLPAO) in dogs, blood in pulmonary capillaries downstream from the occlusion is static or flowing slowly. In such areas, the uptake of carbon monoxide (CO) and diffusing capacity (DLCO) should decrease with time as carboxyhemoglobin concentration increases. We measured DLCO during exhalation of five sequential breaths in anesthetized dogs using a modification of a technique recently described in our laboratory (J. Appl. Physiol.: Respirat. Environ. Exercise Physiol. 43: 617--625, 1977). During TLPAO, the decrease in DLCO was greatest at low lung volumes, suggesting that the occluded lung was emptying later in exhalation, a conclusion supported by measurements of DLCO during TLPAO with the right mainstem bronchus occluded. In addition. DLCO decreased with each breath as the backpressure to diffusion increased in static capillary blood. Inhalation of 4% CO accelerated the rate of decrease in DLCO. Measurement of DLCO during exhalation over multiple breaths may help detect pulmonary vascular obstruction.

scholarly journals Sildenafil May Facilitate Weaning in Mechanically Ventilated COPD Patients: A Report of Three Cases

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 610-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Stanopoulos ◽  
N. Manolakoglou ◽  
G. Pitsiou ◽  
I. Trigonis ◽  
E. A. Tsiata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Spontaneous Breathing Trial ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Pulmonary Artery Occlusion Pressure ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
End Tidal

We report three cases of mechanically ventilated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients who were intubated due to an exacerbation of their disease and who presented with repeated spontaneous breathing trial failures. Patients were given 50 mg of sildenafil through the nasogastric tube, under close monitoring of haemodynamic and ventilatory parameters. After sildenafil, pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary artery occlusion pressure, the respiratory frequency to tidal volume ratio and the PCO2-PETCO2 (arterial minus end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure) decreased. Cardiac output increased in two of the patients, while all of them were successfully extubated. This is the first report of successful extubation after sildenafil use.

A Monoclonal Antibody-Based Enzyme Immunoassay for Fibrin Degradation Products in Plasma

1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (02) ◽  
pp. 310-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
P W Koppert ◽  
E Hoegee-de Nobel ◽  
W Nieuwenhuizen
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Fibrin Degradation Products ◽  
Type Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Strong Positive Reaction ◽  
Sandwich Type ◽  
Capture Antibody

SummaryWe have developed a sandwich-type enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the quantitation of fibrin degradation products (FbDP) in plasma with a time-to-result of only 45 minutes.* The assay is based on the combination of the specificities of two monoclonal antibodies (FDP-14 and DD-13), developed in our institute. FDP-14, the capture antibody, binds both fibrinogen degradation products (FbgDP) and FbDP, but does not react with the parent fibrin(ogen) molecules. It has its epitope in the E-domain of the fibrinogen molecule on the Bβ-chain between amino acids 54-118. Antibody DD-13 was raised using D-dimer as antigen and is used as a tagging antibody, conjugated with horse-radish peroxidase. A strong positive reaction is obtained with a whole blood clot lysate (lysis induced by tissue-type plasminogen activator) which is used as a standard. The EIA does virtually not detect FbgDP i. e. purified fragments X, Y, or FbgDP generated in vitro in plasma by streptokinase treatment. This indicates that the assay is specific for fibrin degradation products.We have successfully applied this assay to the plasma of patients with a variety of diseased states. In combination with the assay previously developed by us for FbgDP and for the total amount of FbgDP + FbDP (TDP) in plasma, we are now able to study the composition of TDP in patients plasma in terms of FbgDP and FbDP.

Plasma Thrombospondin as an Indicator of Intravascular Platelet Activation in Patients with Vasculitis

1987 ◽  
Vol 58 (03) ◽  
pp. 850-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
M B McCrohan ◽  
S W Huang ◽  
J W Sleasman ◽  
P A Klein ◽  
K J Kao
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Activation Marker ◽  
Fibrin Degradation Products ◽  
The Mean

SummaryThe use of plasma thrombospondin (TSP) concentration was investigated as an indicator of intravascular platelet activation. Patients (n = 20) with diseases that have known vasculitis were included in the study. The range and the mean of plasma TSP concentrations of patients with vasculitis were 117 ng/ml to 6500 ng/ml and 791±1412 ng/ml (mean ± SD); the range and the mean of plasma TSP concentrations of control individuals (n = 33) were 13 ng/ml to 137 ng/ml and 59±29 ng/ml. When plasma TSP concentrations were correlated with plasma concentrations of another platelet activation marker, β-thromboglobulin (P-TG), it was found that the TSP concentration inei eased exponentially as the plasma β-TG level rose. A positive correlation between plasma levels of plasma TSP and serum fibrin degradation products was also observed. The results suggest that platelets are the primary source of plasma TSP in patients with various vasculitis and that plasma TSP can be a better indicator than β-TG to assess intravascular platelet activation due to its longer circulation half life.

A Prospective Study of Haemostatic Tests at 28 Weeks Gestation as Predictors of Pre-Eclampsia and Growth Retardation

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (02) ◽  
pp. 243-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
J G Thornton ◽  
B J Molloy ◽  
P S Vinall ◽  
P R Philips ◽  
R Hughes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Fetal Growth Retardation ◽  
Fibrin Degradation Products ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Primiparous Women ◽  
Significant Model

SummaryA panel of haemostatic tests was perfomed on 400 primiparous women at 28 weeks to test whether one or more could predict the development of pregnancy complications. Fifteen women subsequently developed pre-eclampsia with significant proteinuria and 13 delivered growth retarded infants. There were no significant differences between mothers in the pre-eclampsia group and 22 randomly selected controls. A stepwise logistic discriminant analysis of the data did not produce a significant model. In the growth retarded group only beta thromboglobulin levels were significantly lower than in the controls (p <0.05), although in the logistic discriminant analysis the inclusion of both beta thromboglobulin and fibrin degradation products led to a borderline significant improvement in fit of the model. We conclude that the haemostatic variables studied are not significantly changed at 28 weeks nor clinically useful predictors of either pre-eclampsia or fetal growth retardation.

Is Quantitative Determination of Fibrin(ogen) Degradation Products and Thrombin-Antithrombin III Complexes Useful to Diagnose Deep Venous Thrombosis in Outpatients?

1989 ◽  
Vol 62 (04) ◽  
pp. 1043-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul F M M van Bergen ◽  
Eduard A R Knot ◽  
Jan J C Jonker ◽  
Auke C de Boer ◽  
Moniek P M de Maat
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Family Doctor ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Impedance Plethysmography ◽  
Fibrin Degradation Products

SummaryWe studied the diagnostic value of recently introduced ELISA’s for the determination of thrombin-antithrombin III (TAT) complexes, fibrin degradation products (FbDP), fibrinogen degradation products (FgDP) and total degradation products (TDP) for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in plasma of 239 consecutive outpatients, suspected for DVT by their family doctor. DVT was confirmed by impedance plethysmography in 60 patients. Using the 95th percentile range of 42 healthy volunteers the sensitivity for the detection of DVT was: 37% for TAT, 95% for TDP, 92% for FbDP and 90% for FgDP. Specificity was: 88% for TAT, 16% for TDP, 20% for FbDP and 25% for FgDP.We conclude that these assays are of little value in the diagnosis of DVT in outpatients.

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