Endorphin Patterns within the Headache Spectrum Disorders

Cephalalgia ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 201-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Nappi ◽  
Fabio Facchinetti ◽  
Emilia Martignoni ◽  
Felice Petraglia ◽  
Gian Camillo Manzoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Perception ◽  
Endogenous Opioids ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Primary Headaches ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Adaptive Processes ◽  
Adaptive Ability ◽  
Higher Brain Functions

The role of opioid peptides in modulating the nervous system adaptability has been demonstrated recently; proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-related peptides, in particular, serve in pain perception, in adaptation to stress, and in modulating higher brain functions. Primary headaches, besides pain, involve neuroendocrine/autonomic/adaptive processes as well as mood and personality factors. The view that primary headaches can be taken as a possible model of POMC-related peptides dysfunction led us to evaluate the resting plasma and CSF peptide levels and their plasma changes in response to various stimuli affecting their release. The data obtained from basal and dynamic studies agree with the concept that primary headaches are sustained by opioid system disturbance. In particular the reduced release of endogenous opioids by anterior pituitary in response to physical, endocrine or pharmacological stimuli agrees with a weak adaptive ability of headache sufferers. This impairment of endorphin responsiveness could play a key role in headache susceptibility to environmental stimuli. Primary headaches constitute a wide, intriguing field, including several subgroups bordering on “ischemic” and behavioral/affective disorders. The development of neuroendocrine techniques could be a useful means for supporting the clinical criteria identifying subpopulations of headache sufferers.

FC13-03 - Stress, suicidal behaviour and genes

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1884-1884
Author(s):  
D. Wasserman ◽  
Y. Ben-Efraim ◽  
J. Wasserman ◽  
M. Sokolowski
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Suicidal Behaviors ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Genes And Environment ◽  
Hpa Axis Dysregulation ◽  
Systemic Stress ◽  
Suicide Behaviors ◽  
Hpa Axis Activity ◽  
Higher Brain Functions

According to a stress diathesis model, genes and environment, as well as possible interactions in-between (GxE), may result in vulnerability towards suicidal behaviors (SB), characterized by behavioral trigger endophenotypes such as increased depression-intensity and aggression/ anger/ impulsivity. Excessive stress has the potential to induce unfavorable effects in a variety of higher brain-functions, incurred as side effects to maladaptive responses in the genetically controlled stress-responsive neurosystems e.g. in the hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. HPA-axis dysregulation is regarded as an endophenotype of depression-, anxiety- and alcohol abuse disorders, commonly found also in suicide behaviors. Various neurobiological alterations, suggesting abnormal HPA-axis activity and reactivity, have also been demonstrated to occur in suicidal behaviors incl. completed suicides. The HPA axis is a major systemic stress-modulator being mainly controlled by the regulatory corticotrophin releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1) gene. An overview will be presented of the role of the HPA axis in suicidal behaviors with a focus on CRHR1 gene.

scholarly journals Ubiquitination of Neurotransmitter Receptors and Postsynaptic Scaffolding Proteins

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy W. Lin ◽  
Heng-Ye Man
Keyword(s):  
Ubiquitin Proteasome System ◽  
Synaptic Proteins ◽  
Neurotransmitter Receptors ◽  
Scaffolding Proteins ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome ◽  
Complex Regulation ◽  
Receptor Interacting Proteins ◽  
Higher Brain Functions

The human brain is made up of an extensive network of neurons that communicate by forming specialized connections called synapses. The amount, location, and dynamic turnover of synaptic proteins, including neurotransmitter receptors and synaptic scaffolding molecules, are under complex regulation and play a crucial role in synaptic connectivity and plasticity, as well as in higher brain functions. An increasing number of studies have established ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation as universal mechanisms in the control of synaptic protein homeostasis. In this paper, we focus on the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in the turnover of major neurotransmitter receptors, including glutamatergic and nonglutamatergic receptors, as well as postsynaptic receptor-interacting proteins.

scholarly journals Ontogeny of the Pain

2012 ◽  
pp. S109-S122
Author(s):  
R. ROKYTA ◽  
J. FRICOVÁ
Keyword(s):  
Pain Perception ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Endogenous Opioids ◽  
Nociceptive Stimulation ◽  
Pediatric Practice ◽  
Special Effects ◽  
Modern Drug ◽  
Principles Of Treatment ◽  
Immunological Changes

The article gives an overview of developmental aspects of the ontogeny of pain both in experimental models and in children. The whole article is devoted to the ontogenesis in pain perception and the possible influence on it. The role of endogenous opioids on the development of pain and other important substances such as serotonin, nerve growth factor (NGF) and nicotine are mentioned. There are also important differences of the ontogenesis of thermal and mechanical nociceptive stimulation. The physiological and pathophysiological findings are the backgrounds for principles of treatment, taking into account the special status of analgesics during ontogeny. In particular there are mentioned the special effects of endogenous opioids and especially morphine. It describes the role of vitamin D and erythropoietin during the development of pain perception. This article also mentioned the critical developmental periods in relation to the perception of pain. The attention is paid to stress and immunological changes during the ontogeny of pain. Another important role is played by microglia. The work is concluded by some statements about the use of physiological and pathophysiological findings during the treatment of pain in pediatric practice. Codein analgesia is also described because codein starts to be very modern drug with the dependence.

scholarly journals Mindfulness, Consciousness and Quantum Physics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Di Sia
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mindfulness Training ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Continuous Motion ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Quantum Revolution ◽  
Higher Brain Functions

The relation between quantum physics and higher brain functions, including the consciousness, is in recent years a top subject of deep discussions from a scientific, philosophical, psychological and existential point of view. Reality is in continuous motion, life is continuously becoming, a movementof propagating energy waves. The quantum revolution undermined the solid nature of reality, opening the door to the primary role of mind, and proposing scenarios with unexpected features. In this paper interesting aspects of quantum physics are considered, with inevitable repercussions on our lives, which can decisively influence our actions and future. These findings underline the importance of building a cognitive resilience with mindfulness training, for improving the ability to regulate emotions, attention to the true surrounding reality, mood and well-being in life.

Chronic Pain: Fundamental Scientific Considerations, Specifically for Legal Claims

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Barth
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Problematic Relationship

Abstract Scientific findings have indicated that psychological and social factors are the driving forces behind most chronic benign pain presentations, especially in a claim context, and are relevant to at least three of the AMA Guides publications: AMA Guides to Evaluation of Disease and Injury Causation, AMA Guides to Work Ability and Return to Work, and AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment. The author reviews and summarizes studies that have identified the dominant role of financial, psychological, and other non–general medicine factors in patients who report low back pain. For example, one meta-analysis found that compensation results in an increase in pain perception and a reduction in the ability to benefit from medical and psychological treatment. Other studies have found a correlation between the level of compensation and health outcomes (greater compensation is associated with worse outcomes), and legal systems that discourage compensation for pain produce better health outcomes. One study found that, among persons with carpal tunnel syndrome, claimants had worse outcomes than nonclaimants despite receiving more treatment; another examined the problematic relationship between complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and compensation and found that cases of CRPS are dominated by legal claims, a disparity that highlights the dominant role of compensation. Workers’ compensation claimants are almost never evaluated for personality disorders or mental illness. The article concludes with recommendations that evaluators can consider in individual cases.

Role of Ethnicity on Pain Perception, Fatigue, and Quality of Life in a Pediatric Chronic Pain Population

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey I. Gold ◽  
Trina Haselrig ◽  
D. Colette Nicolaou ◽  
Katharine A. Belmont
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Pediatric Chronic Pain

Participant recruitment and data collection through Facebook: the role of personality factors

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Chandler Rife ◽  
Kelly L. Cate ◽  
Michal Kosinski ◽  
David Stillwell
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Social Networking Service ◽  
Participant Recruitment ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Promising Avenue

As participant recruitment and data collection over the Internet have become more common, numerous observers have expressed concern regarding the validity of research conducted in this fashion. One growing method of conducting research over the Internet involves recruiting participants and administering questionnaires over Facebook, the world’s largest social networking service. If Facebook is to be considered a viable platform for social research, it is necessary to demonstrate that Facebook users are sufficiently heterogeneous and that research conducted through Facebook is likely to produce results that can be generalized to a larger population. The present study examines these questions by comparing demographic and personality data collected over Facebook with data collected through a standalone website, and data collected from college undergraduates at two universities. Results indicate that statistically significant differences exist between Facebook data and the comparison data-sets, but since 80% of analyses exhibited partial η2 < .05, such differences are small or practically nonsignificant in magnitude. We conclude that Facebook is a viable research platform, and that recruiting Facebook users for research purposes is a promising avenue that offers numerous advantages over traditional samples.

scholarly journals Monitoring and Modulating Inflammation-Associated Alterations in Synaptic Plasticity: Role of Brain Stimulation and the Blood–Brain Interface

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 359
Author(s):  
Maximilian Lenz ◽  
Amelie Eichler ◽  
Andreas Vlachos
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Brain Interface ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Inflammation of the central nervous system can be triggered by endogenous and exogenous stimuli such as local or systemic infection, trauma, and stroke. In addition to neurodegeneration and cell death, alterations in physiological brain functions are often associated with neuroinflammation. Robust experimental evidence has demonstrated that inflammatory cytokines affect the ability of neurons to express plasticity. It has been well-established that inflammation-associated alterations in synaptic plasticity contribute to the development of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Nevertheless, diagnostic approaches and interventional strategies to restore inflammatory deficits in synaptic plasticity are limited. Here, we review recent findings on inflammation-associated alterations in synaptic plasticity and the potential role of the blood–brain interface, i.e., the blood–brain barrier, in modulating synaptic plasticity. Based on recent findings indicating that brain stimulation promotes plasticity and modulates vascular function, we argue that clinically employed non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, could be used for monitoring and modulating inflammation-induced alterations in synaptic plasticity.

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