scholarly journals Optimal Design of Bus Routes for Different Vehicle Types Considering Various Driving Regimes and Environmental Factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (6) ◽  
pp. 299-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Su ◽  
Xiaobo Liu ◽  
Guo Lu ◽  
Wenbo Fan
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Continuum Model ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Total System ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Bus Transit

As a major part of public transportation systems, bus transit has been regarded as an effective mode to alleviate traffic congestion and solve vehicle emission problems. The performance of a bus transit system depends largely on the design of bus stop locations. This research proposes a multi-period continuum model (peak and off-peak hours) to optimize the design of a bus route for four different vehicle types (i.e., supercharge bus, compressed natural gas (CNG) bus, lithium-ion battery bus, and diesel bus) considering driving regimes and pollutant cost. Inter-stop driving regimes—acceleration, cruising, coasting, and deceleration—are explicitly introduced into the optimization to determine whether and how the coasting regime should be undertaken in the tradeoff between commercial speed of vehicles and operating costs. The cost effectiveness of each alternative has been investigated in a life cycle and compared with respect to different vehicle types. The method has been applied to the real-world bus route no. 7 in Yaan City (China). The results of numerical experiments show that through optimization the total system cost can be reduced by more than 50%. The results of the continuum model are validated by comparison with the discretized results, and the outcomes are similar (with error less than 3%). Finally the life-cycle cost of the four vehicle types is analyzed, and the results indicate that, because of high purchase prices, it is difficult for clean-energy buses to outperform conventional buses in a life cycle (normally eight years), unless subsidies are provided.

scholarly journals Service Quality and Service Gap of Autonomous Driving Group Rapid Transit System

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9412
Author(s):  
Wei-Hsi Hung ◽  
Yao-Tang Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Rapid Transit ◽  
Experiential Marketing ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Continuous Usage Intention

Recently, the trend of public transportation has evolved from traditional vehicles to intelligent transportation systems. Among many innovative systems, the development of group rapid transit (GRT) has become increasingly important. This study aims to explore the key acceptance factors for users to adopt GRT through three dimensions: technology, sharing, and experiential marketing (TSE). First, this study identifies variables under each construct of the TSE model through a literature review and interviews with experts, so as to understand what factors of the model impact users’ usage intention and continuous usage intention. Subsequently, through a questionnaire survey, the theoretical model is verified. The participants of the survey were users of GRT, and a total of 306 valid questionnaires were collected. Through structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis, the results indicate that technology does not significantly impact usage intention, as users may not fully understand GRT’s future developments; technology only affects continuous usage intention. Sharing also only influences continuous usage intention. These results show that the adoption of GRT may be gradual and long-term rather than short-term. Finally, experiential marketing has a significant impact on both usage intention and continuous usage intention. This implies that users’ experiences are vital in promoting innovative services, hence service providers should seek to not only improve the service but also enhance users’ trust in and support for the service.

scholarly journals Evaluating Public Transit Reforms for Shrinking and Aging Populations: The Case of Takamatsu, Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 486-504
Author(s):  
Masanobu Kii ◽  
Yuki Goda ◽  
Tetsuya Tamaki ◽  
Tatsuya Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Societal Implications ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Transportation Simulation ◽  
Demographic Shifts ◽  
Public Transportation Systems ◽  
Older Populations

Many small and midsized cities around the world are expected to experience rapid shrinking and aging of their populations in the near future. In Japan, these dramatic demographic shifts have already begun in all but the largest cities, creating an urgent need to redesign public transportation systems to accommodate the transit needs of smaller, older populations. Here we focus on the specific case of Takamatsu, a medium-sized city with a population of 420,000 that is currently redesigning its transit system to better serve an aging city with a declining working-age population. We use the agent-based transportation simulation model MATSim to predict the ramifications of Takamatsu’s transit system reforms on transportation behavior in the year 2050. Our analysis reveals how the effects of Takamatsu’s transit reforms vary geographically and temporally, with societal implications—particularly for the mobility of elderly residents—that we discuss.

Design, Development and Electromagnetic Analysis of a Linear Switched Reluctance Motor for Automatic Door Systems of Railway Carriages

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
V.G. Sampath ◽  
K. Abhishek ◽  
N.C. Lenin
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Switched Reluctance Motor ◽  
Mass Transit ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Switched Reluctance ◽  
Reluctance Motor ◽  
Linear Switched Reluctance Motor

Day in, day out millions of people all around the world use public transportation systems. Within a metropolis, local rail transport is usually the only cheap and efficient way to get from one place to another. This is making new demands on the rail-bound mass transit. The door system needs to be robust, reliable, maintainable, safe and unaffected by the environment in order to guarantee an efficient train service. Because of round the clock operation of these trains, it is difficult to maintain the door systems regularly. They also get exposed to harsh environment like rain, sunlight and rough handling which may lead to malfunction. Safety is a very important constraint in any mass transit system and any malfunction in the door system can lead to severe mishap. Considering all the above constraints, we are proposing Linear Switched Reluctance Motor (LSRM) based door systems for railway carriages. The phase independent nature of LSRM makes it the best choice for door systems application as it can be made to operate even if any phase fails to work. This paper presents a clear design guide for a longitudinal flux single sided LSRM. The design parameters have been verified using two dimensional finite element analysis (2D-FEA). Finally a prototype has been built and tested. Test results imply the features of LSRM that make it a strong candidate for door systems of railway carriages.

The Benefit Analysis of Applications of Alternative Energy in Small Public Transportation System

2014 ◽  
Vol 644-650 ◽  
pp. 6114-6117
Author(s):  
Bing Jie Li ◽  
Dong Xiao Niu ◽  
Fu Yu Hua ◽  
Jin Peng Qiu ◽  
Guo Rong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Public Transportation System

As the world's biggest energy consumer and the world's first car production and marketing country, car exhaust emissions have become an important cause of serious environmental pollution. The paper calculates the life cycle costs of HEB, BEB, and CDB by the life cycle cost model considering the environmental benefits in the case of small public transportation system being the big scenarios. The paper takes the capital airport shuttle bus system as an example, analyzing applications of alternative energy in the system, thus providing evidence for applications of alternative energy in a small public transportation system, improving continuously the proportion of electric energy in the consumption of end-use energy, promoting social energy conservation and mitigating environmental pollution problems.

Simulation of the Effects of Intermodal Transfer Penalties on Transit Use

1998 ◽  
Vol 1623 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongfang Liu ◽  
Ram M. Pendyala ◽  
Steven Polzin
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Transit Ridership ◽  
Study Results

In recent times, the planning, analysis, and design of intermodal transfer facilities have been receiving increasing attention as planners attempt to overhaul public transportation systems that are losing ground to the ubiquitous automobile. However, recent research indicates that modeling tools currently used in practice do not adequately account for the effects of transfer penalties on transit ridership and network performance. In an attempt to fill this research need, transit system performance is simulated under different scenarios of intermodal and intramodal transfers. Using a controlled experimental design, transit ridership and system performance are simulated within a traditional four-step travel modeling framework assuming a variety of network configurations characterized by different transfer scenarios. Results show that the presence of a transfer on a transit line can substantially reduce transit ridership and that the extent of this reduction is highly dependent on the type of transfer encountered, that is, whether the transfer is intermodal (across different modes) or intramodal (within the same mode). The implications of the study results on the planning of intermodal transit systems are discussed in detail.

An Industrial Policy Framework to Advance a Global Green New Deal

2020 ◽  
pp. 393-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Pollin
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Investment Project ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Financial Policy ◽  
Energy Investment ◽  
Investment Spending

This chapter argues that, as an analytic proposition and industrial policy challenge, it is realistic that global CO2 emissions can be driven to net zero by 2050, the goal set in 2018 by the IPCC. This will require an average level of investment spending of about 2.5 per cent of global GDP per year, focused in two areas: (1) dramatically improving energy-efficiency standards in the stock of buildings, automobiles and public transportation systems, and industrial production processes; and (2) equally dramatically expanding the supply of clean renewable energy sources—primarily solar and wind power—available at competitive prices to all sectors and in all regions of the globe. The chapter examines the industrial and financial policy measures that will be needed to support this global clean energy investment project, focusing on approaches that have been implemented throughout the world to varying degrees.

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