Optimizing Budget Allocation for Incentive-Based Active Travel Demand Management Solutions

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110255
Author(s):  
Lin Xiao ◽  
Jiyan Wu ◽  
Ye Tian ◽  
Jian Sun ◽  
Chen Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Travel Demand ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Budget Allocation ◽  
Marketing Plan ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Travel Demand Management ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Marketing Costs ◽  
The Impact

Incentive-based travel demand management (IBTDM) strategies utilize rewards to redistribute travel demand across space and time. Such congestion-alleviation solutions are usually managed by small private companies with constraint budgets. Aside from spending money on incentives, running promotional campaigns to achieve the gains in market share is essential for maintaining the financial health of IBTDM programs. Therefore, the budget allocation between the two counterparts—incentive and marketing expenditure—needs to be wisely determined. Based on the bottleneck model, this paper proposes an optimal budget allocation scheme considering the impact of a budget constraint and market penetration. It was found that the constraint budget should be prioritized to attract those with lower marketing costs in general. In situations with an insufficient budget and when marketing costs were lower for attracting lower-income individuals, IBTDM decision-makers should focus on those lower-income individuals at first. This mitigates inequity issues to some extent. Therefore, policy makers or planners should pay more attention to marketing cost when developing a marketing plan and try to reduce marketing cost to make full use of incentive budget.

scholarly journals Impact assessment of short-term management measures on travel demand

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-52
Author(s):  
Jinit J. M. D’Cruz ◽  
Anu P. Alex ◽  
V. S. Manju ◽  
Leema Peter
Keyword(s):  
Travel Demand ◽  
Public Transit ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Travel Demand Management ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Travel Demand Model

Travel Demand Management (TDM) can be considered as the most viable option to manage the increasing traffic demand by controlling excessive usage of personalized vehicles. TDM provides expanded options to manage existing travel demand by redistributing the demand rather than increasing the supply. To analyze the impact of TDM measures, the existing travel demand of the area should be identified. In order to get quantitative information on the travel demand and the performance of different alternatives or choices of the available transportation system, travel demand model has to be developed. This concept is more useful in developing countries like India, which have limited resources and increasing demands. Transport related issues such as congestion, low service levels and lack of efficient public transportation compels commuters to shift their travel modes to private transport, resulting in unbalanced modal splits. The present study explores the potential to implement travel demand management measures at Kazhakoottam, an IT business hub cum residential area of Thiruvananthapuram city, a medium sized city in India. Travel demand growth at Kazhakoottam is a matter of concern because the traffic is highly concentrated in this area and facility expansion costs are pretty high. A sequential four-stage travel demand model was developed based on a total of 1416 individual household questionnaire responses using the macro simulation software CUBE. Trip generation models were developed using linear regression and mode split was modelled as multinomial logit model in SPSS. The base year traffic flows were estimated and validated with field data. The developed model was then used for improving the road network conditions by suggesting short-term TDM measures. Three TDM scenarios viz; integrating public transit system with feeder mode, carpooling and reducing the distance of bus stops from zone centroids were analysed. The results indicated an increase in public transit ridership and considerable modal shift from private to public/shared transit.

Environmental Accounting in Greater Vancouver Transportation System Planning

1997 ◽  
Vol 1601 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Peter Bein ◽  
Mike Kawczynski
Keyword(s):  
Travel Demand ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Environmental Accounting ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
System Level ◽  
User Cost ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
Travel Demand Management ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Project Level

Transportation facility and system options for the greater Vancouver region are evaluated using the provincial guidelines for full-cost accounting. The impact of the monetized environmental accounts on the overall evaluation is presented, using facility, system option, and pricing examples from the regional plan. Within project options that are homogeneous with respect to travel demand management or modal split, environmental account values do not differ much, just as in the user cost accounts. Monetized environmental account values are two to three times smaller than the user cost in project-level cases. At the system level, in which travel demand management and modal choice are among the principal objectives, environmental benefits are decisive, whereas user benefits may be inconclusive. The estimated monetized subsidy to full costs of the automobile underpricing of personal transport has increased from 20 percent to more than 50 percent with analytical advances since 1993. Serious intangible externalities remain unmonetized, but should nevertheless be considered. Limitations of transportation demand model and data (peak spreading, 24-hr operation, and determination of vehicle speeds) require remediation for accurate environmental accounting. Fuel consumption and vehicle operating costs at low levels of service, and impacts of travel demand management on travel behavior, are decisive for system appraisals. At the project level, queueing data, level of service, and capacity must be available. Speed-and vehicle-specific emission rates are also necessary for accurate accounting at the project and system levels.

A conceptual analysis of the impact of travel demand management on private car use

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommy Gärling ◽  
Daniel Eek ◽  
Peter Loukopoulos ◽  
Satoshi Fujii ◽  
Olof Johansson-Stenman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Travel Demand Management ◽  
Car Use ◽  
Private Car ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Windowed Transportation Planning Model

1997 ◽  
Vol 1607 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Levinson ◽  
Yuanlin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Transportation Planning ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Planning Model ◽  
Travel Demand Management ◽  
Traffic Calming ◽  
The Impact

A transportation planning model that integrates regional and local-area forecasting approaches is developed and applied. Although regional models have the scope to model the interaction of demand and congestion, they lack spatial detail. Local-area analysis typically does not consider the feedback between new project loadings and existing levels of traffic. A windowed model, which retains regional trip distribution information and the consistency between travel demand and congestion, permits the use of a complete transportation network and block-level traffic zones while retaining computational feasibility. By combining the two methods a number of important policy issues can be addressed, including the implications of traffic calming, changes in flow due to alternative traffic operation schemes, the influence of microscale zoning changes on nearby intersections, and the impact of travel demand management on traffic congestion.

Linking Residential Parking to Automobile Transportation Impact Outcomes at a Development Level

2020 ◽  
pp. 036119812096479
Author(s):  
Kristina M. Currans ◽  
Gabriella Abou-Zeid ◽  
Nicole Iroz-Elardo
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Alternative Mode ◽  
Travel Demand Management ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Automobile Demand

Although there exists a well-studied relationship between parking policies and automobile demand, conventional practices evaluating the transportation impacts of new land development tend to ignore this. In this paper, we: (a) explore literature linking parking policies and vehicle use (including vehicle trip generation, vehicle miles traveled [VMT], and trip length) through the lens of development-level evaluations (e.g., transportation impact analyses [TIA]); (b) develop a conceptual map linking development-level parking characteristics and vehicle use outcomes based on previously supported theory and frameworks; and (c) evaluate and discuss the conventional approach to identify the steps needed to operationalize this link, specifically for residential development. Our findings indicate a significant and noteworthy dearth of studies incorporating parking constraints into travel behavior studies—including, but not limited to: parking supply, costs or pricing, and travel demand management strategies such as the impacts of (un)bundled parking in housing costs. Disregarding parking in TIAs ignores a significant indicator in automobile use. Further, unconstrained parking may encourage increases in car ownership, vehicle trips, and VMT in areas with robust alternative-mode networks and accessibility, thus creating greater demand for vehicle travel than would otherwise occur. The conceptual map offers a means for operationalizing the links between: the built environment; socio-economic and demographic characteristics; fixed and variable travel costs; and vehicle use. Implications for practice and future research are explored.

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