Mobility-as-a-Service: Simulation of Multi-Modal Operations in Low-Density Cities

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110398
Author(s):  
Mohamed El-Agroudy ◽  
Hatem Abou-Senna ◽  
Essam Radwan
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measures ◽  
Magic Bullet ◽  
Low Density ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Modal Interactions ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Novel Interactions ◽  
Alternative Scenarios ◽  
Urban Characteristics

In the case of the low-density city, empirical evidence continuously demonstrates that transit investment is not a magic bullet. Desirable outcomes are not guaranteed and are often dependent on development density and other urban characteristics. Mobility-as-a-service (MaaS) presents a new approach: a digital platform providing access to multi-modal travel alternatives and totally comprehensive integrated trip-making, planning, and payment services. Review of the literature highlights shortcomings in traditional transportation planning by examining aspects of multi-modal planning such as adoption, parterships, operations, integration, capacity implications, and impact analyses. To enhance the practice of multi-modal planning, the following experiment evaluates various performance measures and inter-modal interactions on International Drive in Orlando, Florida, U.S., via D- and I-optimal experimental designs in a simulated MaaS network. Alternative scenarios are developed comparing varied modal shares across five travel modes: personal vehicles, transit, ridesourcing (or ride-hailing), micro-mobility, and walking. The modal effects are analyzed to highlight the strengths and weakness of each mode under a variety of congestion conditions. While transit enjoys the lowest impact per person, ridesourcing demonstrates adverse effects across all measures. Based on the novel interactions of transit and ridesourcing with directional demand, strategies are outlined for optimizing ridesourcing-transit integration to reduce route travel time, queuing, and overall network delay. The performance impacts of curbside facilities are also discussed for improved multi-modal integration at the street level. These findings are applied to propose a framework for effective planning and implementation of mobility services in low-density cities, focused on operations, city-level connectivity, and curbside management.

scholarly journals New Approach in the Application of Conjugated Polymers: The Light-Activated Source of Versatile Singlet Oxygen Molecule

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1098
Author(s):  
Agata Blacha-Grzechnik
Keyword(s):  
Conjugated Polymers ◽  
Singlet Oxygen ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Photophysical Properties ◽  
Short Review ◽  
The Novel ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Intermolecular Energy ◽  
Intermolecular Energy Transfer ◽  
High Absorption

For many years, the research on conjugated polymers (CPs) has been mainly focused on their application in organic electronics. Recent works, however, show that due to the unique optical and photophysical properties of CPs, such as high absorption in UV–Vis or even near-infrared (NIR) region and efficient intra-/intermolecular energy transfer, which can be relatively easily optimized, CPs can be considered as an effective light-activated source of versatile and highly reactive singlet oxygen for medical or catalytic use. The aim of this short review is to present the novel possibilities that lie dormant in those exceptional polymers with the extended system of π-conjugated bonds.

Dietary, Anthropometric, Blood-Lipid, and Performance Patterns of American College Football Players during 8 Weeks of Training

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 444-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rochelle D. Kirwan ◽  
Lindsay K. Kordick ◽  
Shane McFarland ◽  
Denver Lancaster ◽  
Kristine Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Performance Patterns ◽  
And Performance

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to determine the dietary, anthropometric, blood-lipid, and performance patterns of university-level American football players attempting to increase body mass during 8 wk of training.Methods:Three-day diet records, body composition (DEXA scan), blood lipids, and performance measures were collected in redshirt football players (N = 15, age 18.5 ± 0.6 yr) early season and after 8 wk of in-season training.Results:There was an increase (p < .05) from early-season to postseason testing for reported energy (+45%), carbohydrate (+82%), and protein (+29%) intakes and no change in the intake of fat. Fat intake was 41% of energy at the early-season test and 32% of energy at the postseason test. Increases (p < .05 for all) in performance measures, lean mass (70.5 ± 7.7–71.8 ± 7.7 kg), fat mass (15.9 ± 6.2–17.3 ± 6.8 kg), plasma total cholesterol (193.5 ± 32.4–222.6 ± 40.0 mg/dl), and low-density lipoproteins (LDL; 92.7 ± 32.7–124.5 ± 34.7 mg/dl) were measured. No changes were measured in triglycerides, very-low-density lipoproteins, or high-density lipoproteins.Conclusion:Increases in strength, power, speed, total body mass, muscle mass, and fat mass were measured. Cholesterol and LDL levels increased during the study to levels associated with higher risk for cardiovascular disease. It is possible that this is a temporary phenomenon, but it is cause for concern and an indication that dietary education to promote weight gain in a manner less likely to adversely affect the lipid profile is warranted.

scholarly journals Re-forming Initial Teacher Education in Wales: A Personal Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-59
Author(s):  
John Furlong
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Initial Teacher Education ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Close Collaboration ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Partner Schools

The focus of this special issue is the changes to Initial Teacher Education (ITE) that have been instituted in Wales over the last two years. At the heart of the new approach is the insistence that in the future all programmes of ITE should be planned, led and delivered not by universities alone, but by universities working in close collaboration with a number of partner schools. But what is the justification for these radical changes? Why is a collaborative approach between universities and schools needed? This paper, which takes the form of a personal literature review, sets out the research evidence on which I drew in contributing the reform process. It considers evidence on three issues: the role of schools; the role of universities; and the ways in which they can effectively work together.

A New Approach to Supply Chain Performance Measurement

2016 ◽  
pp. 111-128
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar Marwah ◽  
Girish Thakar ◽  
R. C. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Supply Chain Performance ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Manufacturing Organizations ◽  
Overall Reliability

Existing research work has established that many of today's manufacturing organizations have failed to develop a comprehensive supply chain performance measures. In this chapter, the authors intend to empirically assess the effects of supplier buyer relations and human metrics on supply chain performance in the context of Indian manufacturing organizations. After rigorous literature review, total 18 variables have been identified which are later on reduced in number by factor analysis. As a pilot study, primary data is collected from 100 manufacturing organizations by means of a questionnaire and a scale is developed. On a sample size of 100, the proposed hypotheses are tested by applying two-tailed tests. t-test and factor analysis resulted in 5 factors, 2 related to supplier-buyer relations and 3 related to human metrics. The overall reliability of the scale comes out to be 0.697. The research work provides a new approach to the manufacturing organizations to understand the factors affecting supply chain performance. The present study is limited to Indian manufacturing organizations.

A Novel Perspective in the Design of Cable-Driven Systems

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Rosati ◽  
Damiano Zanotto
Keyword(s):  
Systems Design ◽  
The Novel ◽  
End Effector ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Driven Systems ◽  
Working Space ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Workspace Analysis ◽  
Workspace Optimization ◽  
Novel Design

This paper deals with a novel approach to the design of cable-driven systems. This kind of robots possesses several desirable features that distinguish them from common manipulators, such as: low-inertia, cost-effectiveness, safety, easy reconfiguration and transportability. One key-issue that arises from the unilateral actuation is the design for workspace optimization. Most previous researches on cable-driven systems design focused their attention on workspace analysis for existing devices. Conversely, we introduce a new approach for improving workspace by design, introducing movable pulley-blocks rather than increasing the number of cables. By properly moving the pulley-blocks, the end-effector can be always maintained in the best part of the working space, thus enhancing robot capabilities without the need for additional cables. Furthermore, the eventuality of cable interference is strongly reduced. In this paper, the novel design concept is applied to different planar point-mass cable-driven robots, with one or more translating pulley-blocks. The maximum feasible isotropic force, along with the power dissipation and the effective mass at the end-effector are employed to compare the performances of different configurations.

scholarly journals AngioVac System Used for Vegetation Debulking in a Patient with Tricuspid Valve Endocarditis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossam Abubakar ◽  
Ahmed Rashed ◽  
Ahmed Subahi ◽  
Ahmed S. Yassin ◽  
Mohamed Shokr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Tricuspid Valve ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Novel Device ◽  
Heart Chamber ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
Percutaneous Removal ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Tricuspid Valve Endocarditis

AngioVac is a vacuum-based device approved in 2014 for percutaneous removal of undesirable materials from the intravascular system. Although numerous reports exist with regard to the use of the AngioVac device in aspiration of iliocaval, pulmonary, upper extremity, and right-sided heart chamber thrombi, very few data are present demonstrating its use in treatment of right-sided endocarditis. In this case report, we describe the novel device used in debulking a large right-sided tricuspid valve vegetation reducing the occurrence of septic embolisation and enhancing the efficacy of antibiotics in clearance of bloodstream infection. Further research is needed in larger RSIE patient populations to confirm the benefits and the potential of improved outcomes associated with the AngioVac device as well as identify its potential complications.

Protocol-Based Multi-Agent Systems: Examining the Effect of Diversity, Dynamism, and Cooperation in Heuristic Optimization Approaches

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Hanna ◽  
Jonathan Cagan
Keyword(s):  
Search Strategies ◽  
Heuristic Optimization ◽  
Multi Agent Systems ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
High Quality ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Agent Systems ◽  
Engineering Problems ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Immense Potential

Many heuristic optimization approaches have been developed to combat the ever-increasing complexity of engineering problems. In general, these approaches can be classified based on the diversity of the search strategies used, the amount of change to those search strategies during the optimization process, and the level of cooperation between the strategies. A review of the literature indicates that approaches which are simultaneously very diverse, highly dynamic, and cooperative are rare but have immense potential for finding high quality final solutions. In this work, a taxonomy of heuristic optimization approaches is introduced and used to motivate a new approach, entitled Protocol-based Multi-Agent Systems. This approach is found to produce final solutions of much higher quality when its implementation includes the use of multiple search protocols, the adaptation of those protocols during the optimization, and the cooperation between the protocols than when these characteristics are absent.

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