scholarly journals COVID-19 Impact on Transport: A Paper from the Railways’ Systems Research Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812199067
Author(s):  
Alessio Tardivo ◽  
Armando Carrillo Zanuy ◽  
Celestino Sánchez Martín
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Rebound Effect ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Research Perspective ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
Production Trend

This paper analyzes the possible impacts of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on the transport sector and specifically on the railways. It aims at investigating how the sector should approach the “new normal.” The pandemic had repercussions not only on the interaction between producers and consumers but also on the environment, therefore changing the supply chain. The health crisis halted passengers’ mobility and limited air and sea freight capacity significantly, consequently producing a positive impact on the environment. However, the low production trend of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission is expected to reverse once containment measures are lifted. Transport will have an important role in the predicted rebound effect of GHG emissions; thus, the development of green new mobility is essential. In light of these aspects, this study argues that a new resilient paradigm of mobility must be developed for future health emergencies which meets environmental demands. This paper introduces the five “R”s—resilience, return, reimagination, reform, and research—as the necessary steps the rail sector will need to address to better continue to provide services throughout future crises. In particular, the paper highlights new avenues for research which can play an essential role in enhancing rail competitiveness and resilience within future crises. In conclusion, this paper reminds that the pandemic might be considered as a testing ground for upcoming crises and an opportunity to introduce the discussion about a new green and public paradigm of mobility.

scholarly journals Covid-19 impact in Transport, an essay from the Railways' system research perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Tardivo ◽  
Celestino Sánchez Martín ◽  
Armando Carrillo Zanuy
Keyword(s):  
Rebound Effect ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Research Perspective ◽  
Containment Measures

<p>This essay analyses the possible impact that COVID-19 will have on the transport sector. It also gives the prospect on how the sector should approach the “new normal” which will follow the current health emergency and be resilient in case of future outbreaks. </p><p>The paper identifies several impacts that are already taking place in different instances such as the global consumers’ behaviour. Due to the current lockdown situation interaction between producers and consumers has changed radically, and the supply chain had to adapt to cover necessities of citizens. The effects of the outbreak have been profound in consumption, however a growth in eCommerce and digital services have gained in importance and it is supposed to continue growing. </p><p>The pandemic also had effects on the transport sector, to the point that a new paradigm of mobility will be necessary to meet environmental demands. The crisis halted passengers’ mobility and limited air and sea freight capacity significantly. On the contrary, long-distance trans-Eurasian rail lines have been untouched. </p><p>The pandemic had positive impacts on the environment as well. However, the trend of low production of GHG emission is expected to reverse course once containment measures are lifted. Transport will have an important role in the predicted rebound effect of GHG emissions; thus, the development of green new mobility is essential.</p><p>Analysing the forecast of the transport sector, railways will have distinct advantages over other transport modes both during the acute phase of the pandemic and the “new normal”. On the other hand, underuse of the rail sector can lead to a collapse of the urban transport system. Lastly, this paper introduces the concept of 5 “R” as the necessary steps the rail sector needs to undertake to play a significant role in tomorrow’s mobility. These steps are Resilience, Return, Reimagination, Reform, and Research. In particular, the paper highlights research needs which are considered essential in enhancing rail competitiveness. </p><p>In conclusion, this paper reminds that this historic event must be considered as an opportunity to truly establish rail as the backbone of the European sustainable mobility.</p>

scholarly journals Covid-19 impact in Transport, an essay from the Railways' system research perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Tardivo ◽  
Celestino Sánchez Martín ◽  
Armando Carrillo Zanuy
Keyword(s):  
Rebound Effect ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Research Perspective ◽  
Containment Measures

<p>This essay analyses the possible impact that COVID-19 will have on the transport sector. It also gives the prospect on how the sector should approach the “new normal” which will follow the current health emergency and be resilient in case of future outbreaks. </p><p>The paper identifies several impacts that are already taking place in different instances such as the global consumers’ behaviour. Due to the current lockdown situation interaction between producers and consumers has changed radically, and the supply chain had to adapt to cover necessities of citizens. The effects of the outbreak have been profound in consumption, however a growth in eCommerce and digital services have gained in importance and it is supposed to continue growing. </p><p>The pandemic also had effects on the transport sector, to the point that a new paradigm of mobility will be necessary to meet environmental demands. The crisis halted passengers’ mobility and limited air and sea freight capacity significantly. On the contrary, long-distance trans-Eurasian rail lines have been untouched. </p><p>The pandemic had positive impacts on the environment as well. However, the trend of low production of GHG emission is expected to reverse course once containment measures are lifted. Transport will have an important role in the predicted rebound effect of GHG emissions; thus, the development of green new mobility is essential.</p><p>Analysing the forecast of the transport sector, railways will have distinct advantages over other transport modes both during the acute phase of the pandemic and the “new normal”. On the other hand, underuse of the rail sector can lead to a collapse of the urban transport system. Lastly, this paper introduces the concept of 5 “R” as the necessary steps the rail sector needs to undertake to play a significant role in tomorrow’s mobility. These steps are Resilience, Return, Reimagination, Reform, and Research. In particular, the paper highlights research needs which are considered essential in enhancing rail competitiveness. </p><p>In conclusion, this paper reminds that this historic event must be considered as an opportunity to truly establish rail as the backbone of the European sustainable mobility.</p>

scholarly journals Technoeconomic Analysis and Environmental Impact of Electric Vehicle Introduction in Taxis: A Case Study of Mexico City

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Daniel Arturo Maciel Fuentes ◽  
Eduardo Gutiérrez González
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Technoeconomic Analysis

In recent decades, urban air pollution has increased considerably in Mexico City, leading to harmful effects on the ecosystem. To reduce pollutant emissions, new sustainable technologies have been adopted in the transport sector. To date, no studies have conducted a technoeconomic analysis of the environmental impact of electric vehicles (EVs) in regard to taxis in Mexico. To address this gap in the research, this study aimed to perform a cost-environmental impact assessment of electric taxi introduction in Mexico City using the life-cycle cost (LCC) methodology and the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions assessment. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis was performed to identify parameters with the greatest influence on the LCC. The LCC of EVs was found to be larger than that of internal combustion vehicles (ICVs); the acquisition cost was identified as the greatest contributor to the total LCC, followed by the maintenance cost. Worldwide, mixed results have been reported due to differences in the use of local parameters and values. To promote EVs, it is necessary to reduce either acquisition costs or battery costs. The environmental analysis showed that there is only a slight reduction in GHG emissions with electric taxi introduction. Nevertheless, cleaner renewable energy sources must be adopted and considered in order to achieve a much greater reduction and take full advantage of the benefits of EVs.

Effects of Temperature on the Growth and Product Accumulation of Chlorella sp.

2013 ◽  
Vol 712-715 ◽  
pp. 428-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bi Lin Lu ◽  
Liang Qi ◽  
Ming Xi Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Accumulation Process ◽  
Chlorella Sp ◽  
Bg11 Medium ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Product Accumulation ◽  
Global Growth

In recent years, the use of liquid biofuels in the transport sector has shown rapid global growth, driven mostly by policies focused on achievement of energy security, and mitigation of GHG emissions. Microalgae, as biomass, are a potential source of renewable energy, and they can be converted into energy such as biofuel oil and gas.In this paper, the microalgae strain of Chlorella sp. was supplied in BG11 medium, and Cultivation optimization were experimented. The results were showed that temperature was an important factor which could influence growth and accumulation of secondary metabolite in the cell from accumulation process of biological products, temperature which was suitable for the growth of chlorella was 25°C.

scholarly journals The Impact of Financial and Non-Financial Work Incentives on the Safety Behavior of Heavy Truck Drivers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2759
Author(s):  
Sebastjan Škerlič ◽  
Vanja Erčulj
Keyword(s):  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Truck Drivers ◽  
Driving Ability ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Safety Behavior ◽  
The Impact

The goal of the research is to determine how compensation affects the safety behavior of truck drivers and consequently the frequency of traffic accidents. For this purpose, a survey was conducted on a sample of 220 truck drivers in international road transport in the EU, where the results of the Structural Equation Model (SEM) show that in the current state of the transport sector, financial and non-financial incentives have a positive impact on the work and safety behavior of drivers. Financial incentives also have an impact on drivers’ increased perception of their driving ability, while moving violations continue to have a major impact on the number of accidents. The proposed improvements enable decision-makers at the highest level to adopt legal solutions to help manage the issues that have been affecting the industry from a work, social and safety point of view for the past several years. The results of the research therefore represent an important guideline for improvements to the legislature as well as in the systematization of truck driver compensation within companies.

Impact assessment of climate change and human activities on GHG emissions and agricultural water use

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shikun Sun ◽  
Yihe Tang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Production Factor ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Dndc Model ◽  
Agricultural Water Use ◽  
Means Of Production

&lt;p&gt;The agriculture sector is one of the largest users of water and a significant source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The development of low-GHG-emission and water-conserving agriculture will inevitably be the trend in the future. Because of the physiological differences among crops and their response efficiency to external changes, changes in planting structure, climate and input of production factors will have an impact on regional agricultural water use and GHG emissions. This paper systematically analyzed the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of crop planting structure, climate, and production factor inputs in Heilongjiang Province, the main grain-producing region of China, from 2000 to 2015, and quantified the regional agricultural water use and GHG emissions characteristics under different scenarios by using the Penman-Monteith formula and the Denitrification-Decomposition (DNDC) model. The results showed that the global warming potential (GWP) increased by 15% due to the change in planting structure. A large increase in the proportion of rice and corn sown was the main reason. During the study period, regional climate change had a positive impact on the water- saving and emission reduction of the agricultural industry. The annual water demand per unit area decreased by 19%, and the GWP decreased by 12% compared with that in 2000. The input of fertilizer and other means of production will have a significant impact on GHG emissions from farmlands. The increase in N fertilizer input significantly increased N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O emissions, with a 5% increase in GWP. Agricultural water consumption and carbon emissions are affected by changes in climate, input of means of production, and planting structure. Therefore, multiple regulatory measures should be taken in combination with regional characteristics to realize a new layout of planting structure with low emissions, water conservation, and sustainability.&lt;/p&gt;

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