scholarly journals Biomechanical Effects of an Injury Prevention Program in Preadolescent Female Soccer Athletes

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A. Thompson ◽  
Andrew A. Tran ◽  
Corey T. Gatewood ◽  
Rebecca Shultz ◽  
Amy Silder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Knee Valgus ◽  
Acl Injuries ◽  
Peak Knee

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common, and children as young as 10 years of age exhibit movement patterns associated with an ACL injury risk. Prevention programs have been shown to reduce injury rates, but the mechanisms behind these programs are largely unknown. Few studies have investigated biomechanical changes after injury prevention programs in children. Purpose/Hypothesis: To investigate the effects of the F-MARC 11+ injury prevention warm-up program on changes to biomechanical risk factors for an ACL injury in preadolescent female soccer players. We hypothesized that the primary ACL injury risk factor of peak knee valgus moment would improve after training. In addition, we explored other kinematic and kinetic variables associated with ACL injuries. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 51 female athletes aged 10 to 12 years were recruited from soccer clubs and were placed into an intervention group (n = 28; mean [±SD] age, 11.8 ± 0.8 years) and a control group (n = 23; mean age, 11.2 ± 0.6 years). The intervention group participated in 15 in-season sessions of the F-MARC 11+ program (2 times/wk). Pre- and postseason motion capture data were collected during preplanned cutting, unanticipated cutting, double-leg jump, and single-leg jump tasks. Lower extremity joint angles and moments were estimated using OpenSim, a biomechanical modeling system. Results: Athletes in the intervention group reduced their peak knee valgus moment compared with the control group during the double-leg jump (mean [±standard error of the mean] pre- to posttest change, –0.57 ± 0.27 %BW×HT vs 0.25 ± 0.25 %BW×HT, respectively; P = .034). No significant differences in the change in peak knee valgus moment were found between the groups for any other activity; however, the intervention group displayed a significant pre- to posttest increase in peak knee valgus moment during unanticipated cutting ( P = .044). Additional analyses revealed an improvement in peak ankle eversion moment after training during preplanned cutting ( P = .015), unanticipated cutting ( P = .004), and the double-leg jump ( P = .016) compared with the control group. Other secondary risk factors did not significantly improve after training, although the peak knee valgus angle improved in the control group compared with the intervention group during unanticipated cutting ( P = .018). Conclusion: The F-MARC 11+ program may be effective in improving some risk factors for an ACL injury during a double-leg jump in preadolescent athletes, most notably by reducing peak knee valgus moment. Clinical Relevance: This study provides motivation for enhancing injury prevention programs to produce improvement in other ACL risk factors, particularly during cutting and single-leg tasks.

scholarly journals Injury Risk Factors Integrated Into Self-Guided Real-Time Biofeedback Improves High-Risk Biomechanics

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 831-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Bonnette ◽  
Christopher A. DiCesare ◽  
Adam W. Kiefer ◽  
Michael A. Riley ◽  
Kim D. Barber Foss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Acl Injuries ◽  
The Real

Context:Existing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury prevention programs have failed to reverse the high rate of ACL injuries in adolescent female athletes.Objective:This investigation attempts to overcome factors that limit efficacy with existing injury prevention programs through the use of a novel, objective, and real-time interactive visual feedback system designed to reduce the biomechanical risk factors associated with ACL injuries.Design:Cross-over study.Setting:Medical center laboratory.Participants:A total of 20 females (age = 19.7 [1.34] y; height = 1.74 [0.09] m; weight = 72.16 [12.45] kg) participated in this study.Methods:Participants performed sets of 10 bodyweight squats in each of 8 training blocks (ie, 4 real-time and 4 control blocks) and 3 testing blocks for a total of 110 squats. Feedback conditions were blocked and counterbalanced with half of participants randomly assigned to receive the real-time feedback block first and half receiving the control (sham) feedback first.Results:Heat map analysis revealed that during interaction with the real-time feedback, squat performance measured in terms of key biomechanical parameters was improved compared with performance when participants squatted with the sham stimulus.Conclusions:This study demonstrates that the interactive feedback system guided participants to significantly improve movement biomechanics during performance of a body weight squat, which is a fundamental exercise for a longer term ACL injury risk reduction intervention. A longer training and testing period is necessary to investigate the efficacy of this feedback approach to effect long-term adaptations in the biomechanical risk profile of athletes.

Age Influences Biomechanical Changes After Participation in an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Prevention Program

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 598-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A. Thompson-Kolesar ◽  
Corey T. Gatewood ◽  
Andrew A. Tran ◽  
Amy Silder ◽  
Rebecca Shultz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Extensor Muscle ◽  
Knee Valgus ◽  
Adolescent Athletes ◽  
Valgus Angle ◽  
Peak Knee

Background: The prevalence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries increases during maturation and peaks during late adolescence. Previous studies suggested an age-related association between participation in injury prevention programs and reduction of ACL injury. However, few studies have investigated differences in biomechanical changes after injury prevention programs between preadolescent and adolescent athletes. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to investigate the influence of age on the effects of the FIFA Medical and Research Centre (F-MARC) 11+ injury prevention warm-up program on differences in biomechanical risk factors for ACL injury between preadolescent and adolescent female soccer players. It was hypothesized that the ACL injury risk factors of knee valgus angle and moment would be greater at baseline but would improve more after training for preadolescent athletes than adolescent athletes. It was further hypothesized that flexor-extensor muscle co-contraction would increase after training for both preadolescent and adolescent athletes. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Institutional Review Board–approved written consent was obtained for 51 preadolescent female athletes aged 10 to 12 years (intervention: n = 28, 11.8 ± 0.8 years; control: n = 23, 11.2 ± 0.6 years) and 43 adolescent female athletes aged 14 to 18 years (intervention: n = 22, 15.9 ± 0.9 years; control: n = 21, 15.7 ± 1.1 years). The intervention groups participated in 15 in-season sessions of the F-MARC 11+ program 2 times per week. Pre- and postseason motion capture data were collected during 4 tasks: preplanned cutting, unanticipated cutting, double-legged jump, and single-legged jump. Lower extremity joint angles and moments were estimated through biomechanical modeling. Knee flexor-extensor muscle co-contraction was estimated from surface electromyography. Results: At baseline, preadolescent athletes displayed greater initial contact and peak knee valgus angles during all activities when compared with the adolescent athletes, but knee valgus moment was not significantly different between age groups. After intervention training, preadolescent athletes improved and decreased their initial contact knee valgus angle (–1.24° ± 0.36°; P = .036) as well as their peak knee valgus moment (–0.57 ± 0.27 percentage body weight × height; P = .033) during the double-legged jump task, as compared with adolescent athletes in the intervention. Compared with adolescent athletes, preadolescent athletes displayed higher weight acceptance flexor-extensor muscle co-contraction at baseline during all activities ( P < .05). After intervention training, preadolescent athletes displayed an increase in precontact flexor-extensor muscle co-contraction during preplanned cutting as compared with adolescent intervention athletes (0.07 ± 0.02 vs –0.30 ± 0.27, respectively; P = .002). Conclusion: The F-MARC 11+ program may be more effective at improving some risk factors for ACL injury among preadolescent female athletes than adolescent athletes, notably by reducing knee valgus angle and moment during a double-legged jump landing. Clinical Relevance: ACL prevention programs may be more effective if administered early in an athlete’s career, as younger athletes may be more likely to adapt new biomechanical movement patterns.

scholarly journals Alpine Ski Racing Injuries

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell C. Tarka ◽  
Annabelle Davey ◽  
Geordie C. Lonza ◽  
Casey M. O’Brien ◽  
John P. Delaney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Acl Injuries ◽  
Ski Racers

Context: This article reviews the epidemiology of alpine ski racing–related injuries, risk factors, mechanisms of injury, and injury prevention strategies. Evidence Acquisition: Pertinent literature from peer-reviewed publications from 1976 through 2018. Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 5. Results: The rate of injury in alpine ski racing is high. In general, knee injuries are the most common, with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) disruptions being the most significant in terms of time loss from sport. Three specific mechanisms of ACL injury in alpine ski racers have recently been described (slip-catch, dynamic snowplow, and landing back-weighted). In contrast to other sports, female ski racers are not clearly at greater risk for ACL injury, especially at the highest level of competition. A high percentage of ski racers are able to return to their previous level of competition after ACL injury. Risk factors for injury and methods of injury prevention have been proposed; however, the rate of injury, particularly ACL injuries, has not decreased significantly. Conclusion: Alpine ski racing has a high injury rate. ACL injuries in particular remain problematic. Further study is needed to identify modifiable risk factors and implementation of injury prevention strategies.

scholarly journals COACH EDUCATION IMPROVES ADHERENCE TO ACL INJURY PREVENTION PROGRAMS: A CLUSTER-RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967121S0007
Author(s):  
Joseph Janosky
Keyword(s):  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Cluster Randomized ◽  
Acl Injury Prevention ◽  
Sports Coaches

Background: ACL injury prevention programs have demonstrated limited impact on population health, due in part to poor adherence to expert recommendations by sports coaches. Neuromuscular training (NMT) serves as a protective factor against ACL injury and serves as a key component of many ACL injury prevention programs. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of an educational workshop for sports coaches on adherence to neuromuscular training (NMT) implementation recommendations. Methods: In a cluster-randomized controlled trial, 22 teams in 8 high schools were randomized to either the intervention or control group. The intervention schools included 12 teams (5 female), and the control schools included 10 teams (4 female). The sports included basketball, volleyball, track and field, baseball, softball, and lacrosse. Coaches in the intervention group participated in a 60-minute educational workshop designed to teach coaches how to effectively implement a NMT program as a warm-up prior to team practice sessions and games. The schools in the control arm received print materials on recommended NMT exercises. Adherence to NMT implementation recommendation by sports coaches was the primary outcome. Eight data collectors, who were blinded to the teams’ assignment, were trained to observe each team’s practice or game 2-3 times a week. At each session, they completed a study questionnaire to identify the exercises completed by athletes during the team’s warm-up. They then recorded whether the coach 1) delivered exercise instructions, and 2) provided corrective cues. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to account for potential correlations among teams at the same school. Results: A total of 399 practices or games were observed over 2 seasons. A greater proportion of coaches in the intervention group provided cues to correct improper technique compared to coaches in the control group [difference=0.04 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.07, p=0.006]. In addition, more coaches in the intervention group completed a full NMT program [OR=4.62 (1.22, 17.50), p=0.02]. There was a similar proportion of coaches in the intervention and control groups who provided exercise instructions [difference=0.01 (95% CI: -0.02, 0.04), p<0.44]. Conclusions: Coach education can improve adherence to NMT implementation recommendations and the delivery of corrective cues during NMT sessions, which are both critical to reducing the risk of ACL injury. All coaches should receive in-person training that highlights the salience of NMT and provides the knowledge and skills required to effectively implement NMT sessions with young athletes.

scholarly journals A Cam Shaped Femur Might Be A Risk Factor for ACL Injuries

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7_suppl4) ◽  
pp. 2325967118S0013
Author(s):  
Thomas Rudolf Pfeiffer ◽  
Jeremy M. Burnham ◽  
Ajay C. Kanakamedala ◽  
Jonathan Daniel Hughes ◽  
James J. Irrgang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acl Reconstruction ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Femoral Condyle ◽  
Academic Medical Center ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acl Injuries ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Mean

Objectives: Bony morphologic characteristics have been demonstrated to increase the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. While posterior femoral condyle condylar offset is an aspect of distal femoral bony morphology that has been reported to influence range of motion and other aspects of knee joint kinematics, it remains unclear whether this characteristic influences the risk of ACL injury. The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between distal femoral morphology and risks of ACL injury, reconstruction failure, and contralateral ACL injury. It was hypothesized that increased posterior femoral condylar depth, quantified as the cam ratio, would correlate with increased risk of primary ACL injuries, ACL reconstruction failures, and contralateral ACL injuries. Methods: Consecutive patients undergoing evaluation for knee complaints at an academic medical center from 2012-2016 with minimum 24-month follow-up were retrospectively reviewed. Subjects were stratified into four groups: a control group consisting of patients with no ACL injuries and three groups of patients with a primary ACL injury, failed ACL reconstruction, or previous ACL injury with subsequent contralateral ACL injury. Using lateral radiographs, the ratio of posterior condylar depth over total condylar distance was defined as the cam ratio. Analysis-of-variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc testing were used to test for differences in the mean tomahawk ratio between study groups (p<0.05). Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to determine the optimal cam ratio cut-off for detecting increased risk for ACL injury. Results: One hundred and seventy-five patients met inclusion criteria. The mean cam ratios in the control, primary ACL injury, failed ACL reconstruction, and contralateral ACL injury groups were 61.1% (± 2.1), 64.2% (± 3.8), 64.4% (± 3.6), and 66.9% (± 4.0), respectively. Patients with a primary ACL injury, failed ACL reconstruction, or contralateral ACL injury had a significantly higher cam ratio compared to the control group (p<0.008). ROC analysis demonstrated a cam ratio of 63% or greater to be associated with an increased risk for ACL injury with a sensitivity of83% and a specificity of 71%. Conclusion: The data from this study show that an increased posterior femoral condylar depth, or cam ratio, might be associated with increased risk of ACL injury, including primary ACL injury, failed ACL reconstruction, and contralateral ACL injury. The data from this study may help clinicians identify patients at greater risk of ACL injury and re-injury. Future prospective studies will be helpful in investigating the mechanism by which an increased cam ratio increases ACL injury risk and potential strategies to mitigate the increased risk posed by this bony characteristic.

Femoral and Tibial Bony Risk Factors for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries Are Present in More Than 50% of Healthy Individuals

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652110504
Author(s):  
Grégoire Micicoi ◽  
Chistophe Jacquet ◽  
Raghbir Khakha ◽  
Sally LiArno ◽  
Ahmad Faizan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Acl Injuries ◽  
Notch Width ◽  
Injury Risk Factor ◽  
Acl Injury Risk ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are multifactorial events that may be influenced by morphometric parameters. Associations between primary ACL injuries or graft ruptures and both femoral and tibial bony risk factors have been well described in the literature. Purpose: To determine values of femoral and tibial bony morphology that have been associated with ACL injuries in a reference population. Further, to define interindividual variations according to participant demographics and to identify the proportion of participants presenting at least 1 morphological ACL injury risk factor. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Computed tomography scans of 382 healthy participants were examined. The following bony ACL risk factors were analyzed: notch width index (NWI), lateral femoral condylar index (LFCI), medial posterior plateau tibial angle (MPPTA), and lateral posterior plateau tibial angle (LPPTA). The proportion of this healthy population presenting with at least 1 pathological ACL injury risk factor was determined. A multivariable logistic regression model was constructed to determine the influence of demographic characteristics. Results: According to published thresholds for ACL bony risk factors, 12% of the examined knees exhibited an intercondylar notch width <18.9 mm, 25% had NWI <0.292, 62% exhibited LFCI <0.67, 54% had MPPTA <83.6°, and 15% had LPPTA <81.6°. Only 14.4% of participants exhibited no ACL bony risk factors, whereas 84.5% had between 2 and 4 bony risk factors and 1.1% had all bony risk factors. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that only the intercondylar notch width ( P < .0001) was an independent predictor according to both sex and ethnicity; the LFCI ( P = .012) and MMPTA ( P = .02) were independent predictors according to ethnicity. Conclusion: The precise definition of bony anatomic risk factors for ACL injury remains unclear. Based on published thresholds, 15% to 62% of this reference population would have been considered as being at risk. Large cohort analyses are required to confirm the validity of previously described morphological risk factors and to define which participants may be at risk of primary ACL injury and reinjury after surgical reconstruction.

scholarly journals Effect of Injury Prevention Programs on Lower Extremity Performance in Youth Athletes: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen Hanlon ◽  
Joseph J. Krzak ◽  
Janey Prodoehl ◽  
Kathy D. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Force Generation ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Lower Extremity Performance

Background: Understanding how existing youth injury prevention programs affect specific modifiable injury risk factors will inform future program development for youth athletes. Objective: To comprehensively evaluate the effects of injury prevention programs on the modifiable intrinsic risk factors associated with lower extremity performance in youth athletes. Data Sources: This systematic review followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. A systematic search of the literature was performed using multiple databases (PubMed, EBSCOhost [including CINAHL, Medline, and SPORTDiscus], and PEDro). Secondary references were appraised for relevant articles. Article types included randomized or cluster randomized controlled trials and randomized cohort designs with youth athletes engaged in organized sports, along with outcomes that included at least 1 physical performance outcome measure. Study Selection: Eight studies met inclusion and exclusion criteria and were reviewed by 2 independent reviewers, with a third consulted in the case of disagreement, which was not needed. Study Design: Systematic review. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Data Extraction: Included studies underwent review of methodological quality using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. Results: Studies included mixed-sex samples of youth athletes who predominantly participated in soccer at different skill levels. The FIFA 11+ series was the most commonly used injury prevention program. Among studies, the mean percentage of improvement identified was 11.3% for force generation, 5.7% for coordination, 5.2% for posture, and 5.2% for balance. The lowest mean percentage improvement was in speed (2.2%). Endurance was not significantly affected by any of the programs. Conclusion: This systematic review shows that injury prevention programs improve several modifiable intrinsic risk factors of lower extremity performance among youth athletes, particularly force generation. However, several intrinsic risk factors were either not significantly affected or specifically addressed by existing programs.

scholarly journals First-time anterior cruciate ligament injury in adolescent female elite athletes: a prospective cohort study to identify modifiable risk factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Zebis ◽  
P. Aagaard ◽  
L. L. Andersen ◽  
P. Hölmich ◽  
M. B. Clausen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Adolescent Female ◽  
Acl Injuries ◽  
Team Handball ◽  
Acl Injury Risk ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
First Time

Abstract Purpose To identify modifiable biomechanical and neuromuscular anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk factors for first-time ACL injury in adolescent female elite football and team handball players. Methods Adolescent female elite football and handball players with no previous ACL injury participated in the present study. At baseline, players were tested during side-cutting manoeuvres performed in a 3-dimensional motion analysis laboratory with concomitant electromyography (EMG) measurements. Maximal isometric lower limb muscle strength was assessed by handheld dynamometry. Players were prospectively followed for 2 years after baseline testing, and all magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) verified ACL injuries were registered. The effect of 16 risk factor candidates on the relative risk (RR) of ACL injury was estimated using Poisson regression analysis. Results Ninety players (age 16.9 ± 1.2 years) were included in the analyses. Nine first-time ACL injuries (injury incidence 10.0% (95% confidence interval (CI) 5.4–18.6%)) were registered during the 2-year follow-up period. Four risk factor candidates were significantly associated with the risk of ACL injury: (1) hip flexion angle at initial contact (IC) [RR 0.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.34–0.92], (2) internal knee rotation angle at IC [RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.08–1.19], (3) semitendinosus EMG activity 50 ms prior to IC [RR: 0.62, 95% CI 0.43–0.89], and (4) external hip rotator strength [RR: 0.77, 95% CI 0.66–0.89]. Conclusion Four distinct ACL injury risk factors related to the side-cutting manoeuvre were identified in a population of adolescent female elite football and team handball players with no previous ACL injury. As ACL injury typically occur during side-cutting, intervention programmes to modify these risk factors pose a promising strategy for ACL injury prevention in adolescent female elite football and team handball. Level of evidence II.

The Effect of the “11+ Kids” Program on the Isokinetic Strength of Young Football Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Zarei ◽  
Hamed Abbasi ◽  
Abdolhamid Daneshjoo ◽  
Mehdi Gheitasi ◽  
Kamran Johari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Isokinetic Strength ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Injury Prevention Program ◽  
Knee Flexors

Purpose: The “11+ Kids” injury-prevention program has been shown to reduce injuries and related costs in youth football players less than 14 y of age. A major argument to convince coaches to use this exercise-based injury-prevention program is a potential performance enhancement of the players. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of the “11+ Kids” program on isokinetic strength. Methods: Two teams were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. The intervention group replaced their warm-up by the “11+ Kids” and the control group warmed up as usual. Two days before and after the 10-wk intervention, isokinetic strength of the hip adductors and abductors, knee flexors and extensors, and ankle invertors and evertors was tested. Results: Thirty-one players (mean age 11.5 [0.8] y) completed the study. The intervention group showed large improvements in all isokinetic strength measures (P < .001 for all measures; Cohen d = 0.8–1.4), whereas the control group only showed negligible to medium positive effects (P values ranging from .006 to .718; Cohen d = −0.1 to 0.7). The intervention was beneficial compared with the control group regarding isokinetic strength of the hip adductors (P < .001), knee flexors (P = .002), and ankle evertors (P < .001) and invertors (P = .005). Conclusions: Given the relatively short intervention period of 10 wk, the observed improvements relate to a practically meaningful effect of the intervention. The gain in strength may improve players’ performance and may contribute to a reduction of injury risk in the long-term application.

scholarly journals Stiff Landings, Core Stability, and Dynamic Knee Valgus: A Systematic Review on Documented Anterior Cruciate Ligament Ruptures in Male and Female Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3826
Author(s):  
Joseph Larwa ◽  
Conrad Stoy ◽  
Ross S. Chafetz ◽  
Michael Boniello ◽  
Corinna Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Core Stability ◽  
Knee Valgus ◽  
Acl Injuries ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are the most common ligament injury of the knee, accounting for between 100,000 and 200,000 injuries among athletes per year. ACL injuries occur via contact and non-contact mechanisms, with the former being more common in males and the later being more common in females. These injuries typically require surgical repair and have relatively high re-rupture rates, resulting in a significant psychological burden for these individuals and long rehabilitation times. Numerous studies have attempted to determine risk factors for ACL rupture, including hormonal, biomechanical, and sport- and gender-specific factors. However, the incidence of ACL injuries continues to rise. Therefore, we performed a systematic review analyzing both ACL injury video analysis studies and studies on athletes who were pre-screened with eventual ACL injury. We investigated biomechanical mechanisms contributing to ACL injury and considered male and female differences. Factors such as hip angle and strength, knee movement, trunk stability, and ankle motion were considered to give a comprehensive, joint by joint analysis of injury risk and possible roles of prevention. Our review demonstrated that poor core stability, landing with heel strike, weak hip abduction strength, and increased knee valgus may contribute to increased ACL injury risk in young athletes.

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