Internet of Things and Edge Computing Model Optimization in Physical Training Status and Countermeasures in College Sports Basketball Optional Course

In recent years, people have paid special attention to their own health status and paid more and more attention to the cultivation of physical fitness. People of different ages have begun physical exercises. As a compulsory course in university, physical education has played a very positive role in the health of students. In order to promote the common development of basketball activities in many sports academies across the country and improve the educational quality of basketball majors, with a view to cultivating basketball and football talents in line with the culture and social development of the times, this article investigates and evaluates the basketball activities of sports coaches in many sports academies, discusses the pros and cons of high school sports in basketball and other related fields, and provides references and suggestions for improvement in the reform of basketball activities in some sports academies. The results of the study found that based on the Internet of Things and edge computing models, physical training in college sports basketball optional courses has been greatly improved compared with traditional physical training methods. Adding adaptive scheduling to Core 1, priority 1 and 5 was distributed on Core 2∼5. Priority 2 tasks tend to be more balanced.

ON INFLUENCE OF GENERAL AND SPECIAL PHYSICAL TRAINING ON PROCESS OF STAGE TRAINING OF ATHLETES

The article is devoted to a study on the impact of general and special physical training on the process of stage training of athletes. The author analyzed the development of the process of training athletes in the context of physical culture and sports. The article analyzes and discloses the main tasks of general physical training and the dynamics of passing the standards of the OFP and SFP at the stages of sports training, in accordance with the requirements of the FSSP in percentage ratio for three years. In the article, the author gives a generalized characteristic of the basis for the education of physical qualities and for the physical training of the athlete, resulting from specific laws of sports improvement. In general, the author concludes that one of the main features is that the athlete’s physical training organically combines her two sides of general and special physical training. Thus, in general, the use of the described techniques can be useful to physical education teachers and sports coaches in order to increase the professional training of teachers.

Job Insecurity and Work Meaning among Romanian Sports Coaches

The present study analyzed the relationships among material difficulties, job insecurity, work meaning and the mental health of sports coaches. Participants for this study were 200 coaches (120 men and 80 women, aged between 18 and 60 years, M = 41.04, SD = 8.71). The instruments used were (a) The Difficulties List, (b) Qualitative Job Insecurity, (c) Quantitative Job Insecurity, (d) The Work and Meaning Inventory, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales. Statistical analysis was performed through SPSS 24. The results obtained by three multiple mediations showed that material difficulties were not directly associated with depression, anxiety, and stress. Although qualitative job insecurity mediates the relationship between material difficulties and mental health (β = 0.14, p < 0.01 for depression, β = 0.17, p < 0.01 for anxiety, and β = 0.14, p < 0.01 for stress) quantitative job insecurity and work meaning do not mediate this relationship but had significant direct effects. The conclusions of the study led to the need for material and psychological support for coaches to have a meaningful activity, so that they could achieve significant performance with their athletes.

Level of Knowledge of Sports Coaches and Physical Education Teachers in Physical Therapy in Jordan

Physiotherapy is a profession that helps to restore movement and function following an injury or illness. This study sought to identify the physical therapy knowledge of physical education teachers and sports coaches in Jordan. This study is a cross-sectional study conducted on several sports coaches and physical education teachers in Jordan. Participants were given the questionnaire through google forms, and they were all advised to fill it up. A predetermined selection criterion was used to select the participants. Out of 250 volunteers chosen for the study, only 152 questionnaires were selected for the final analysis. A self-administer questionnaire consisting was developed, which includes two parts. Part I collects the demographical data, and part II contains the questionnaires, including physiotherapy. The consent form is attached with the questionnaire, and those who gave consent to use the data were included in the analysis. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0. with the alpha set for significance at <0.05. Overall, it identified that 84% of the sports coaches and physical education teachers know physiotherapy services well. This study concluded that a more significant proportion of the sports coaches and physical education teachers have a good understanding of physical therapy services provided to the sports personnel in Jordan. They have good knowledge of physical therapy techniques and services provided, and they also have a good understanding of their role in on-field and off-field management.

Physical Efficiency Tests: Information for Teachers and Sports Coaches

The purpose of the research was to determine the physical and gestural state of students between eight and nine years of age in a Peruvian educational institution, as well as to provide Physical Education teachers with useful scales to evaluate what concerns physical abilities. and motor skills by age, from simple but validated tests, called Physical Efficiency Tests. It is a descriptive cross-sectional investigation. For this, the physical capacities resistance, strength, speed and flexibility were measured; managing to measure up to two capacities per session, also bringing together capacities that are directly proportional, such as resistance with flexibility and strength with speed. Population: 100% of the students participating in the study (95) distributed in 54 girls and 41 boys. For data collection, Microsoft Excel and SPSS v.25 were used. Conclusions: The results show that Peruvian Physical Education teachers do not have the necessary tools to know how much they can increase or decrease the internal and external loads of physical activity on their students. A deterioration in the conditional capacities and motor skills of the evaluated population is observed. Participating students are at levels of physical efficiency below expectations, especially those who are in the third and fourth levels.

Action inquiry and vocal ergonomics: A pilot study with sports coaches

BACKGROUND: Coaches critically rely on voice for occupational functioning, which has associated risks to vocal health. However, vocal occupational health and safety (OHS) and vocal ergonomics are not typically considered for, by, or with coaches. OBJECTIVE: This study piloted a participatory approach to vocal ergonomics, aiming to collaboratively (i) understand coaches’ vocally reliant occupational participation, and (ii) consider vocal ergonomic factors. METHODS: This research was undertaken at an international tournament for floorball (also known as ‘Innebandy’, ‘Salibandy’, or ‘Unihockey’). Three national coaches (n = 3) and the lead researcher undertook cooperative action inquiry. This piloted a participatory vocal ergonomics programme. Action inquiry methods included fieldnotes, interviews, observations, a workshop, ergonomics approaches, and a focus group. Multi-level analyses supported the findings, including categorical aggregation, direct interpretation, and reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS: Participants identified vocal ergonomic factors present at the tournament; including personal, activity, physical environmental, and organisational factors. Participants developed four vocal ergonomic approaches responsive to factors. These were: (1) player consultation, (2) ongoing feedback discussions, (3) movement and postural change, and (4) specific task adaptation. Approaches 1–2 directly supported coaches’ voices. Coaches posited limitations to other strategies, but made recommendations for future use. Coaches also reflected that this collaboration provided actionable voice insights and opportunities to address vocal ergonomics. They advocated for extended engagement with coaches, increased focus on vocal health, and inclusion of early career coaches in future programmes. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support engagement of coaches, and other vocally reliant workers, in addressing voice use and vocal health at work.

Speed Track Events: Development and Validity of Exercise Catalog

Introduction: Sports coaches are guided by empirical evidence at the moment of planning the training loads, and, many times, these loads are not recorded for posterior analysis. A validated scientific instrument could help coaches to plan, register, and analyse sports training load. Aim: The study aimed to develop and assess the content validity of a catalog of exercises for speed track events. Methods: Through interviews, a group of expert coaches elaborated a catalog of exercises. Two groups of raters evaluated the content validity of these exercises, producing a coefficient of content validity (CCV) for such validity indicators as clarity of language, practical pertinence and theoretical relevance. Additionally, raters assessed the specificity level of each exercise by deciding if the exercise was general, special or specific to speed track events. Results: These CCV results confirmed the content validity of a 75-exercise catalog with satisfactory validity indicators, meaning the exercises are understandable for athletic coaches (CCVCL=0,93), pertinent for speed track training (CCVPP=0,84) and relevant (CCVRT=0,83). Conclusion: This catalog may help athletic coaches to plan, implement and analyze their players’ sports training loads.

Relación entre el tipo de ejercicio físico y la fatiga cuantificada mediante VFC, CK y el lactato en sangre (Relationship between physical exercise type and fatigue quantified through HRV, CK, and blood lactate)

Los atletas son expuestos a cargas de alta intensidad en la búsqueda del rendimiento deportivo, sin embargo, sus efectos no se evalúan apropiadamente. El presente estudio analiza los efectos de cuatro diferentes tipos de ejercicios sobre la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca (VFC), diagrama de Poincaré (SD1: desviación estándar 1 y SD2: desviación estándar 2), así como la Creatina Cinasa (CK) y las concentraciones de lactato en sangre como marcadores de fatiga. Para lograr el objetivo, participaron 10 voluntarios sanos quienes se expusieron a fatiga mediante protocolos de ejercicio isotónicos, isométricos, aeróbicos y anaeróbicos. Se tomaron muestras de la SD1 y de la SD2 para posteriormente probar el comportamiento de la fatiga mediante el índice de estrés (SS) como parámetro simpático, y el índice simpático/parasimpático (S/PS), además se midió la raíz cuadrada media de las diferencias sucesivas (rMSSD) como indicadores parasimpáticos. Se recolectaron muestras sanguíneas al comienzo y al final de cada uno de los tipos de ejercicio para determinar los niveles de CK y lactato. La SD1 disminuye en cada protocolo de ejercicio, mientras que el SS y el S/PS incrementan. Lactato y CK incrementan al final de cada protocolo y correlacionan positivamente con el SD1 y S/PS. La VFC, CK y lactato son marcadores sensibles para la detección de fatiga, son sensibles tanto al tipo, duración e intensidad del ejercicio, siendo la VFC un marcador no invasivo y novedoso, simple y útil para los entrenadores y atletas. Abstract: Athletes are exposed to high-intensity loads to promote athletic performance, however, the effects are not evaluated appropriately. This study investigates the effects of four types of exhaustion exercises on Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and Poincaré features (SD1: Standard deviation 1and SD2: Standard deviation 2), Creatine Kinase (CK) and blood lactate concentrations as biomarkers of fatigue. To achieve this purpose, 10 healthy volunteers were exposed to exhaustive exercise using isotonic, isometric, aerobic and anaerobic fatigue protocols. HRV Poincaré features, standard deviation of instantaneous beat-to-beat R-R interval variability (SD1) and standard deviation of continuous long-term R-R interval variability (SD2) variables were collected. Fatigue was tested through the sympathetic stress index (SS), the index sympathetic/parasympathetic index (S/PS) and the root Mean Square of the Successive Differences (rMSSD) as parasympathetic index. Blood samples were collected at the beginning and at the end of the exercises to determine CK and lactate. The SD1 decreased in each exercise protocol, while the SS and S/PS increased. Lactate and CK increased at the end of each protocol and correlated with SD1 and S/PS. HRV, CK, and lactate are acute markers to detect fatigue, are sensitive to the type, duration, and intensity of exercise, being HRV a novel noninvasive marker, simple and useful for sports coaches and athletes.

Coach’s Perception of Parent’s Attitudes in School-Age Sports

The coach-parent relationship can significantly influence the sport participation, personal development, and sports performance of young athletes. This study aimed to investigate the coach’s perception of parent’s attitudes regarding competition attitude, the communication with the coach, and the environment during training sessions, taking into account the coaches’ sex, type of institution, or sport modality grouped into individual and collective sports. For this, a total of 159 coaches (22 females and 137 males) responded to the Questionnaire for Sports Coaches about their Opinion on the Attitudes of Fathers and Mothers in Sports (CTPMD). It analyses three factors: (1) competition attitude, (2) communication, and (3) environment. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was necessary to assess the model's goodness of fit on each factor and to calculate the Cronbach’s Alpha, the average variance extracted, and the composite reliability to analyze the instrument reliability. Descriptive and inferential analysis was performed through the Mann-Whitney U and Rosenthal r statistical tests. The results showed significant differences in the competition attitude factor regarding type of institution (U = 1964.500; p-value < 0.001; r = 0.31), in favour of public institutions. There were also significant differences in the communication factor according to the coaches’ sex (U = 1112.000; p-value = 0.04; r = 0.16), with females’ coaches perceiving worse communication with parents than male coaches. This could be relevant because it negatively influences adherence to physical activity in children and adolescents, and therefore, their health.