scholarly journals Musculoskeletal Screening Tests and Bony Hip Morphology Cannot Identify Male Professional Soccer Players at Risk of Groin Injuries: A 2-Year Prospective Cohort Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1294-1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea B. Mosler ◽  
Adam Weir ◽  
Andreas Serner ◽  
Rintje Agricola ◽  
Cristiano Eirale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Groin Pain ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Hip Morphology ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Mean

Background: Musculoskeletal hip/groin screening tests are commonly performed to detect at-risk individuals. Bony hip morphology is considered a potential intrinsic risk factor but has not been examined prospectively. Purpose: To evaluate the association between intrinsic risk factors identified from musculoskeletal and radiographic screening tests and hip/groin injuries leading to time loss from training and/or match play in professional male soccer players. Study Design: Prospective cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Male professional soccer players, aged ≥18 years, underwent screening specific for hip/groin pain during 2 consecutive seasons of the Qatar Stars League. The screening battery included pain provocation, range of motion, and strength tests as well as a hip radiographic examination. The radiographic examination included an anteroposterior pelvic view and 45° Dunn view, with bony hip morphology determined using quantitative methods. Time-loss (≥1 day) hip/groin injuries and individual player exposure (training and match play) were recorded prospectively, and injuries were categorized as adductor-related, inguinal-related, iliopsoas-related, pubic-related, or hip-related groin pain, or “other,” as recommended in the Doha agreement. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) from univariate and multivariate Cox regression models to assess the relationship between potential risk factors and hip/groin injuries. Results: There were 438 players, completing 609 player seasons, and 113 hip/groin injuries that met the criteria for inclusion, with 85 injuries categorized as adductor-related. The proportion of players with bony morphological variants was the following: cam, 71%; pincer, 5%; and acetabular dysplasia, 13%. Previous hip/groin injuries (HR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2-2.7) and eccentric adduction strength were associated with the risk of hip/groin injuries. Higher (>1 SD above the mean) than normal eccentric adduction strength was associated with an increased risk for all hip/groin injuries (HR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.0-2.5). Lower (<1 SD below the mean) than normal eccentric adduction strength was associated with an increased risk for adductor-related injuries (HR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0-3.0). No other musculoskeletal screening test or bony hip morphology variables were associated with the injury risk. Conclusion: Previous groin injuries and eccentric adduction strength were associated with the risk of groin injuries. However, these associations were not strong enough to identify an “at-risk” individual, and therefore, musculoskeletal screening tests were not useful to dictate individualized prevention strategies. Bony hip morphology was not associated with the risk of groin injuries.

scholarly journals Regions at Risk in the Knee Joint of Young Professional Soccer Players: Longitudinal Evaluation of Early Cartilage Degeneration by Quantitative T2 Mapping in 3 T MRI

Cartilage ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 194760352092477
Author(s):  
Hanna Schenk ◽  
David Simon ◽  
Leonie Waldenmeier ◽  
Christoph Evers ◽  
Rolf Janka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
T2 Mapping ◽  
Cartilage Damage ◽  
Cartilage Degeneration ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Young Professional ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Playing Time

Purpose. The study aims to detect regions at risk for (pre-)osteoarthritis in the tibiofemoral joint of young professional soccer players by evaluating cartilage composition by T2 mapping in a 3 T magnetic resonance imaging setting. Methods. In this longitudinal study, 20 professional adolescent soccer players were included. Tibiofemoral cartilage was assessed by quantitative T2 mapping and T2 values were evaluated by regions of interest analysis. Statistical evaluation, using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, was performed to compare global T2 values and subregional T2 values between a baseline and a follow-up investigation 4.3 years later. Based on the average of playing time (15 years) we divided the cohort in 2 groups and differences were evaluated. Results. When comparing baseline and follow-up, our findings showed statistically significant increases of the global medial tibial and femoral T2 values. The most noticeable results of the subregional T2 analysis were statistically significant increases in the medial posterior zones (deep femoral 36.1 vs. 39.5, P = 0.001; superficial femoral 57.0 vs. 62.4, P = 0.034; deep tibial 28.3 vs. 34.1, P = 0.009; superficial tibial 43.2 vs. 55.3, P = 0.002). Conclusion. The elevation of T2 values in the medial, especially medial posterior, compartment of the knee joint indicates that these regions are at risk for early cartilage degeneration already at the time of adolescence. The findings can help individualize and optimize training concepts and to be aware of the chronic stress on these vulnerable areas. Prevention programs should be established in young players to avoid further cartilage damage.

Somatotrope Pituitary Function in Professional Soccer Players

2017 ◽  
Vol 126 (05) ◽  
pp. 306-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia Roser ◽  
Tatiana Wehrhahn ◽  
Henry Krogmann ◽  
Nina Riedel ◽  
Robert Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Gh Deficiency ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Pituitary Function ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Glucagon Test ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background and objective Soccer is associated with repetitive head trauma, which, as it is known from sports like football and boxing, can result in hypopituitarism. Gonadotropins and GH are the most common pituitary hormones to become deficient. GH deficiency is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and has negative influence on body mass index, visceral fat mass, insulin resistance and sensitivity, bone mineral density and inflammatory markers. Therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the somatotrope pituitary function in professional soccer players. Research design and methods This clinical study included 15 male, professional soccer players with at least 10 years of professional training. Basal hormonal parameters of the pituitary axis were obtained from the participants. To assess GH-IGF-I axis, glucagon stimulation tests were used. Rise in growth hormone during glucagon test was analyzed and the prevalence of newly diagnosed hormone deficiencies was evaluated. Results Mean age of all participants was 31±10 years. None of the 15 soccer players had GH deficiency. Mean rising factor of GH after stimulation with glucagon was 100 in all participants. We did not find signs of ACTH, TSH or LH/FSH deficiency in any player. Conclusions In this small collective of soccer players we did not find playing soccer to be a risk factor for the development of GH-deficiency. According to our data screening for somatotrope deficiency is not necessary. Further investigations in larger cohorts are needed.

Groin Problems in Male Soccer Players Are More Common Than Previously Reported

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1304-1308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joar Harøy ◽  
Ben Clarsen ◽  
Kristian Thorborg ◽  
Per Hölmich ◽  
Roald Bahr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Surveillance ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Surveillance Studies ◽  
Trauma Research ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Soccer Training ◽  
Different Levels

Background: The majority of surveillance studies in soccer have used a time-loss injury definition, and many groin problems result from overuse, leading to gradually increasing pain and/or reduced performance without necessarily causing an absence from soccer training or match play. Thus, the magnitude of groin problems in soccer has probably been underestimated in previous studies based on traditional injury surveillance methods. Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of groin problems among soccer players of both sexes and among male soccer players at different levels of play through a new surveillance method developed to capture acute and overuse problems. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: We registered groin problems during a 6-week period of match congestion using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Overuse Injury Questionnaire. A total of 240 players from 15 teams across different levels of play and from both sexes were included, and they responded to the weekly questionnaire. We calculated the average weekly prevalence of all groin problems and substantial groin problems. Results: Of the 240 players, 112 male players (59%) and 20 female players (45%) reported at least 1 episode of groin problems. The average weekly prevalence of any groin problem and substantial groin problem for all male players was 29% (range, 23%-32% across different levels) and 10% (7%-13%), respectively. Elite male players had an increased risk of experiencing groin problems (odds ratio: 3.1, 95% CI: 1.5-6.4, P = .03) compared with elite female players. There was no difference in the risk of experiencing groin problems among elite, subelite, and amateur male players. For substantial problems, there was no difference between elite male and elite female players or among levels of play for senior male soccer players. Conclusion: We found a high prevalence of groin problems among male soccer players during a period with match congestion. Time-loss definition as used in previous injury surveillance studies captured only one-third of the male groin problems registered with the new method. Elite male players had 3 times’ higher risk of reporting groin problems as compared with elite female players, while playing level did not influence the risk of reporting a groin problem among males.

scholarly journals Ethnic differences in bony hip morphology predisposing for hip osteoarthritis: A cohort of 445 professional soccer players

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. S109
Author(s):  
A. Mosler ◽  
K. Crossley ◽  
J. Waarsing ◽  
A. Weir ◽  
P. Hölmich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Hip Osteoarthritis ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Hip Morphology

scholarly journals Return to Play and Player Performance After Achilles Tendon Rupture in UEFA Professional Soccer Players: A Matched-Cohort Analysis of Players From 1999 to 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 232596712110241
Author(s):  
Enrico M. Forlenza ◽  
Ophelie Z. Lavoie-Gagne ◽  
Yining Lu ◽  
Connor C. Diaz ◽  
Jorge Chahla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Tendon Rupture ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Achilles Tendon Rupture ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Player Performance

Background: Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) is a potentially career-ending injury in professional athletes. Limited information exists regarding return to play (RTP) in professional soccer players after this injury. Purpose: To determine the RTP rate and time in professional soccer players after ATR and to evaluate player performance relative to matched controls. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: We evaluated 132 professional soccer players who suffered an ATR between 1999 and 2018. These athletes were matched 2:1 to uninjured controls by position, age, season of injury, seasons played, and height. We collected information on the date of injury, the date of RTP, and player performance metrics (minutes played, games played, goals scored, assists made, and points per game) from official team websites, public injury reports, and press releases. Changes in performance metrics for the 4 years after the season of injury were compared with metrics 1 season before injury. Univariate comparisons were performed using independent-sample, 2-group t tests and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests when normality of distributions was violated. Results: The mean age at ATR was 27.49 ± 4.06 years, and the mean time to RTP was 5.07 ± 2.61 months (18.19 ± 10.96 games). The RTP rate was 71% for the season after injury and 78% for return at any timepoint. Overall, 9% of the injured players experienced a rerupture during the study period. Compared with controls, the injured players played significantly less (-6.77 vs -1.81 games [ P < .001] and -560.17 vs -171.17 minutes [ P < .05]) and recorded fewer goals (-1.06 vs -0.29 [ P < .05]) and assists (-0.76 vs -0.02 [ P < .05]) during the season of their Achilles rupture. With the exception of midfielders, there were no significant differences in play time or performance metrics between injured and uninjured players at any postinjury timepoint. Conclusion: Soccer players who suffered an ATR had a 78% RTP rate, with a mean RTP time of 5 months. Injured players played less and demonstrated inferior performance during the season of injury. With the exception of midfielders, players displayed no significant differences in play time or performance during any of the 4 postinjury seasons.

scholarly journals Cerebroplacental Ratio on Doppler as a Predictor of Fetuses at Risk of Perinatal Complications

2021 ◽  
pp. 120-131
Author(s):  
Salwa Abdelmaged Elraey ◽  
Mohammed Mohsen Elnamoury ◽  
Ahmed Mohammed Othman ◽  
Ahmed Mahmoud Awara
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Neonatal Death ◽  
Perinatal Complications ◽  
Ratio Measurement ◽  
Neonatal Complication ◽  
Cerebroplacental Ratio ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Background: Doppler velocimetry is the best method of surveillance for fetal hypoxemia during pregnancy. Cerebroplacental ratio (CPR), has been suggested as a useful clinical simplification. It is believed that the CPR better predicts adverse perinatal outcomes than its individual components and better than conventional anthropometric models. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the significance of the cerebroplacental 10th centile threshold measured weekly from 36 weeks of gestation till delivery as a screening test for prediction of need for Cesarean section for intrapartum fetal compromise and the adverse neonatal outcome in women with normally grown fetuses and uncomplicated pregnancy. Methods: This study was carried out on 40 pregnant women uncomplicated, singleton pregnancy with appropriately grown fetuses on clinical assessment. The last Doppler indices including cerebroplacental ratio measurement obtained before labor was reported. CPR values below 1.1 were reported as abnormal. Various studies have variably defined the threshold of abnormal CPR ratio as <1.08. Results: There was significant decrease in the Mean of CPR among patients who had anemia compared to those without anemia. In addition, there was no significant association seen between low CPR and having previous history of abortion or IUGR as well as being a smoker. There was no significant difference between cases who had normal and abnormal CPR regarding gestational age at delivery. There was no difference between cases who had normal and abnormal cerebroplacental ratio regarding mode of delivery. there was significant decrease in the prevalence of low birth weight among group who had CPR≥1.08. CPR <1.08 was significantly associated with neonatal complication like NICU admission, and neonatal death. There was no statistically significant relationship between cerebroplacental ratio and neonatal complication like IUFD, and neonatal sepsis. There was no statistically significant association between the mean cerebroplacental ratio and IUFD. There was statistically significant association between the mean cerebroplacental ratio and NICU. There was no statistically significant association between the mean cerebroplacental ratio and neonatal sepsis. The mean cerebroplacental ratio of 0.93± 0.22 has a significant association with neonatal death. Conclusion: A low cerebroplacental ratio reflects redistribution of the cardiac output to the cerebral circulation and has been shown to improve accuracy in predicting adverse outcome compared with Middle cerebral artery (MCA) or Umbilical artery (UA) Doppler alone. Therefore, integrating CPR in clinical management may help to better identify fetuses at risk for adverse perinatal events, since abnormal CPR has been associated with an increased risk of perinatal complications.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF Y BALANCE TEST AND DORSIFLEXION LUNGE TEST IN PROFESSIONAL AND AMATEUR SOCCER PLAYERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 490-493
Author(s):  
Marcela Godoy Xixirry ◽  
Marcelo Riberto ◽  
Lucas Sartori Manoel
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Injuries ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Professional Athletes ◽  
Functional Tests ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Functional Deficits ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Introduction The ankle has the highest incidence of soccer injuries (17 to 20% of injuries), which can cause personal and professional losses for the athlete. Ankle stability is due to a number of mechanisms, such as muscle control between agonists and antagonists, proprioception, balance, and muscle strength. If there are changes in any of these mechanisms, there is an increased risk of ankle injuries. Objective The purpose of this study was to analyze the ankle function of amateur and professional soccer players in the preseason, using Y Balance Test (YBT) and Dorsiflexion Lunge Test (DLT), observing possible functional deficits in this sample, and subsequently analyzing the relationship of results between the functional tests in this population. Methods A total of 107 soccer players were assessed, of whom 36 were amateur and 71 professional athletes. The volunteers initially underwent history taking, followed by a 5-minute warm-up on a stationary bicycle then the YBT and DLT functional tests. Results There was no significant difference in the DLT between dominant and non-dominant limbs in amateur and professional athletes. There was also no significant difference in the YBT between dominant and non-dominant limbs of amateur athletes, but there was a significant difference between dominant and non-dominant limbs in professional athletes. There was no correlation between the tests when the dominant and non-dominant limbs of the sample were analyzed. Conclusion The weak relationship between the functional tests indicates that both tests are recommended for athletes in clinical practice, since they serve as tools to assess different functional deficits. Level of Evidence III - Case-control study.

scholarly journals Soccer-Specific Fatigue and Eccentric Hamstrings Muscle Strength

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Greig ◽  
Jason C. Siegler
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Isokinetic Dynamometer ◽  
Activity Profile ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Soccer Match ◽  
Knee Flexor ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Flexor Muscles ◽  
Treadmill Protocol

Abstract Context: Epidemiologic findings of higher incidences of hamstrings muscle strains during the latter stages of soccer match play have been attributed to fatigue. Objective: To investigate the influence of soccer-specific fatigue on the peak eccentric torque of the knee flexor muscles. Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Setting: Controlled laboratory environment. Patients or Other Participants: Ten male professional soccer players (age  =  24.7 ± 4.4 years, mass  =  77.1 ± 8.3 kg, V˙o2max  =  63.0 ± 4.8 mL·kg−1·min−1). Intervention(s): Participants completed an intermittent treadmill protocol replicating the activity profile of soccer match play, with a passive halftime interval. Before exercise and at 15-minute intervals, each player completed isokinetic dynamometer trials. Main Outcome Measure(s): Peak eccentric knee flexor torque was quantified at isokinetic speeds of 180° · s−1, 300° · s−1, and 60° · s−1, with 5 repetitions at each speed. Results: Peak eccentric knee flexor torque at the end of the game (T300eccH105  =  127 ± 25 Nm) and at the end of the passive halftime interval (T300eccH60  =  133 ± 32 Nm) was reduced relative to T300eccH00 (167 ± 35 Nm, P &lt; .01) and T300eccH15 (161 ± 35 Nm, P  =  .02). Conclusions: Eccentric hamstrings strength decreased as a function of time and after the halftime interval. This finding indicates a greater risk of injuries at these specific times, especially for explosive movements, in accordance with epidemiologic observations. Incorporating eccentric knee flexor exercises into resistance training sessions that follow soccer-specific conditioning is warranted to try to reduce the incidence or recurrence of hamstrings strains.

Ethnic differences in bony hip morphology: A cohort of 445 professional soccer players

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. e88
Author(s):  
A. Mosler ◽  
K. Crossley ◽  
J. Waarsing ◽  
N. Jomaah ◽  
A. Weir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Hip Morphology
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