scholarly journals Making Food Aid Fit-for-Purpose in the 21st Century: A Review of Recent Initiatives Improving the Nutritional Quality of Foods Used in Emergency and Development Programming

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 574-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Webb ◽  
Kristine Caiafa ◽  
Shelley Walton ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Food Aid ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Operational Experience ◽  
Agency For International Development ◽  
Development Programming ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
Global Food

Important strides have been made recently in upgrading the global food aid agenda in line with evolving medical and nutrition sciences, operational experience, and innovations in food technology. A 2011 report endorsed by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) recommended numerous improvements to products intended to support improved survival and nutrition in humanitarian programming, as well as greater rigor and transparency in the research agenda that supports innovations in this critical field. This article reviews progress since 2011 made by USAID, and other global food aid providers, in developing food aid products that are fit-for-purpose and are appropriately formulated to save lives in emergencies and to promote healthy mothers and children in nonemergency contexts. It highlights important modifications and addition made to products and identifies persisting knowledge gaps that should be prioritized in future research.

Erratum: Identification and characterization of Corynebacterium lactis isolated from Amblyomma testudinarium of Sus scrofa in Malaysia. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 23(9), 1838–1844.

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2086
Author(s):  
Fang Shiang Lim ◽  
Shih Keng Loong ◽  
Jing Jing Khoo ◽  
Kim Kee Tan ◽  
Nurhafiza Zainal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Research University ◽  
One Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Grants ◽  
Agency For International Development ◽  
Amblyomma Testudinarium ◽  
Identification And Characterization

AcknowledgmentsThis study was supported in parts by the research grants from University of Malaya, under the Research University Grants (RU016-2015) and (RU005-2017), and the Malaysia One Health University Network (MyOHUN) Seed Fund Award (MY/NCO/ACT/P001/SEEDFUND) provided by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). 

Theory and Practice of International Development Assistance in Third World Countries: Background for the 1980's

1981 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 566-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seleshi Sisaye
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
International Development ◽  
Third World ◽  
Development Assistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Development Objective

Since the beginnings of development assistance to Third World countries during the post-World War II period, there have been some philosophical changes in the theory and practice of development aid programmes. Western development aid ( i.e., of the United States and West European countries), can be classified into two main conceptual types. These include economic growth as development objective and economic growth with an increased quality of life as development objective. The first two decades of development assistance 1950–1970 focused on economic growth objectives with increased production. The period, 1970–1980 concentrated on redistributive measures to improve the quality of life of the rural poor, the provision of basic needs, creation of employment opportunities, and the implementation of policy measures to reduce relative inequality and absolute poverty. The main purpose of this article is to discuss the changes in the theory and practice of Western aid programmes in Third World countries from 1945–1979. We will look into the underlying international causes that contributed to these changes. We will also review the evolution of aid to Third World countries for the last thirty years by examing the economic, political and social background for the changes in development assistance from urban to rural development programmes and from an emphasis in increasing production to that of redistribution with growth. These problems are discussed in the hight of their relevance for policy-onented rescoorch in Third World Comtnes.

“From factory to field”: USAID and the logistics of foreign aid in Soviet-occupied Afghanistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley Attewell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
International Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Critical Scholarship ◽  
Agency For International Development

Emerging critical scholarship on logistics has shown how the field is implicated in a broader necropolitics of violence, disposability, and exploitation. While much has been made of logistics’ historical linkages to military and market forces, this paper, in contrast, explores how logisticians have played an increasingly central role in development and humanitarian missions to theatres of conflict and emergency. It focuses on the effort of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) to supply mujahideen forces in Soviet-occupied Afghanistan with the non-lethal materiel necessary for their insurgency. It argues that USAID understood its relief and rehabilitation mission as a problem of logistics. By sketching the shifting contours of USAID’s cross-border programming, this article offers a more nuanced diagnosis of how logistics has become essential to the management of life and death across multiple temporalities, spaces, and scales.

THE ARCHITECTURE OF ENVIRONMENT: BUILDING HOUSES ALONG THE GREAT RIFT VALLEY IN JORDAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget L. Guarasci
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
International Development ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
The United States ◽  
Home Building ◽  
Agency For International Development ◽  
Tourist Economy ◽  
Great Rift Valley

AbstractThis article analyzes the restoration of Jordan's UN Dana Biosphere Reserve cottages for ecotourism and home building in the neighboring village of Qadisiyya as competing land projects. Whereas a multimillion-dollar endowment from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) restores Dana's houses as a “heritage” village for a tourist economy, families in Qadisiyya build houses with income from provisional labor to shore up a familial future. Each act of home building articulates a political claim to land. This article argues for attention to the architecture of the environment in the comparison of two, once-related villages. A comparative analysis of Dana and Qadisiyya reveals the competing socio-political objectives of home building for the future of Jordan and the implications of environment in that struggle.

scholarly journals An Overview of Systematic Reviews: Complementary Therapies for Cancer Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 153473541989002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong Min Lee ◽  
Ho Cheol Choi ◽  
Min Kyung Hyun
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Complementary Therapies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cancer Type

Introduction: This article critically examines the systematic reviews (SR) and meta-analysis (MA) of complementary therapies for cancer patients to appraise the evidence level, and offers suggestions for future research and practice. Methods: The Cochrane Library and MEDLINE were searched from their inception to January 2018, to identify SR and MA of complementary therapies available for cancer patients. Final selected SR and MA were methodologically evaluated for their quality by applying the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR2) instrument. Data extraction and risk of quality assessments were performed by 2 independent reviewers. Results: A total of 104 studies were included in the analysis. The majority of the individual clinical trials included in the SR and MA were performed in China (48%) and the United States (26.9%). Breast cancer was the most studied cancer type (25%), and acupuncture was the most studied intervention (21%). Side effects of cancer such as pain, depression, and fatigue were effectively managed with complementary therapies. The methodologically problematic items included not listing the excluded studies and lack of protocol or protocol registration. Conclusions: With increasing interest in research, complementary therapies appear to be beneficial in reducing side effects and raising the quality of life of cancer patients. Complementary therapies have generally been studied for all cancers, with acupuncture being the most researched, regardless of the cancer type. Since AMSTAR2 is a stricter assessment tool than before, future studies need to consider the risk of methodological bias with caution and discuss appropriate overall quality assessment tools.

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