Elimination of three doses of gentamicin over three consecutive days using a polyacrylonitrile-derived filter: An in vitro assessment

2021 ◽  
pp. 039139882110322
Author(s):  
Frédéric J Baud ◽  
Vanessa Seif ◽  
Pascal Houzé ◽  
Jean-Herlé Raphalen ◽  
Benoît Pilmis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Bolus Dose ◽  
Central Compartment ◽  
Daily Session ◽  
Progressive Decrease ◽  
Time Dependency ◽  
Study Results ◽  
In Vitro Assessment ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Adsorption of gentamicin in a polyacrylonitrile filter was previously evidenced in a session lasting 6 h using the NeckEpur model. We extended the study over three consecutive days to mimic the 72-h life span of a filter. Methods: Prismaflex® monitor and ST150® filter were used in the continuous diafiltration (CDF) mode at a 2.5 L/h flowrate. The daily session started with a 6-h session of CDF. Thereafter, the 5-L central compartment was changed using a bag free of gentamicin to assess gentamicin release over the following 18 h. Experiments were repeated on Day 2 and stopped at the end of the 6-h session of CDF on Day 3. The experiment was performed in duplicate. Results: At a 2.5 L/h diafiltration flowrate, the mean daily clearances of gentamicin were 5.5, 4.0, and 3.3 L/h, respectively. The mean diafiltration and adsorption ratios in the daily elimination of gentamicin were 32/68%, 58/42%, and 88/12%, respectively. During days 1 and 2, the mean amount of gentamicin released from the ST150® filter were 14 and 34 mg, respectively. Conclusion: The pharmacokinetics of gentamicin over 3 days is strongly altered by adsorption in the same filter with a progressive decrease of elimination by adsorption, suggesting saturation of the filter. One limitation of our study results from the mode of administration using a bolus dose instead of an infusion over 30 min. Adsorption adds a clearance to those of diafiltration. The time-dependency of gentamicin clearance precludes using a constant dosage regimen over the filter’s life span.

Elimination of fluconazole during continuous renal replacement therapy. An in vitro assessment

2020 ◽  
pp. 039139882097614
Author(s):  
Frédéric J Baud ◽  
Vincent Jullien ◽  
Tarik Abarou ◽  
Benoît Pilmis ◽  
Jean-Herlé Raphalen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Central Compartment ◽  
Sieving Coefficient ◽  
Continuous Filtration ◽  
In Vitro Assessment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Made In

Introduction: Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) efficiently eliminates fluconazole. However, the routes of elimination were not clarified. Adsorption of fluconazole by filters is a pending question. We studied the elimination of fluconazole in a model mimicking a session of CRRT in humans using the NeckEpur® model. Two filters were studied. Methods: The AV1000®-polysulfone filter with the Multifiltrate Pro. Fresenius and the ST150®-polyacrylonitrile filter with the Prismaflex. Baxter-Gambro were studied. Continuous filtration used a flowrate of 2.5 L/h in post-dilution only. Session were made in duplicate. Routes of elimination were assessed using the NeckEpur® model. Results: The mean measured initial fluconazole concentration (mean ± SD) for the four sessions in the central compartment (CC) was 14.9 ± 0.2 mg/L. The amount eliminated from the CC at the end of 6 h-session at a 2.5 L/h filtration flowrate for the AV1000®-polysulfone and the ST150®-polyacrylonitrile filters were 90%–93% and 96%–94%, respectively; the clearances from the central compartment (CC) were 2.5–2.6 and 2.4–2.3 L/h, respectively. The means of the instantaneous sieving coefficient were 0.94%–0.91% and 0.99%–0.91%, respectively. The percentages of the amount eliminated from the CC by filtration/adsorption were 100/0%–95/5% and 100/0%–100/0%, respectively. Conclusion: Neither the ST150®-polyacrylonitrile nor the AV1000®-polysulfone filters result in any significant adsorption of fluconazole.

Influence of Platelet Membrane Sialic Acid and Platelet-Associated IgG on Ageing and Sequestration of Blood Platelets in Baboons

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (04) ◽  
pp. 676-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
H F Kotzé ◽  
V van Wyk ◽  
P N Badenhorst ◽  
A du P Heyns ◽  
J P Roodt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Senescent Cell ◽  
Platelet Membrane ◽  
Antigen Complex ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Aggregation Of Platelets

SummaryPlatelets were isolated from blood of baboons and treated with neuraminidase to remove platelet membrane sialic acid, a process which artificially ages the platelets. The platelets were then labelled with 111In and their mean life span, in vivo distribution and sites of Sequestration were measured. The effect of removal of sialic acid on the attachment of immunoglobulin to platelets were investigated and related to the Sequestration of the platelets by the spleen, liver, and bone marrow. Removal of sialic acid by neuraminidase did not affect the aggregation of platelets by agonists in vitro, nor their sites of Sequestration. The removal of 0.51 (median, range 0.01 to 2.10) nmol sialic acid/108 platelets shortened their life span by 75 h (median, range 0 to 132) h (n = 19, p <0.001), and there was an exponential correlation between the shortening of the mean platelet life span and the amount of sialic acid removed. The increase in platelet-associated IgG was 0.112 (median, range 0.007 to 0.309) fg/platelet (n = 25, p <0.001) after 0.79 (median, range 0.00 to 6.70) nmol sialic acid/108 platelets was removed (p <0.001). There was an exponential correlation between the shortening of mean platelet life span after the removal of sialic acid and the increase in platelet-associated IgG. The results suggest that platelet membrane sialic acid influences ageing of circulating platelets, and that the loss of sialic acid may have exposed a senescent cell antigen that binds IgG on the platelet membrane. The antibody-antigen complex may then provide a signal to the macrophages that the platelet is old, and can be phagocytosed and destroyed.

scholarly journals Enhanced survival of sickle erythrocytes upon treatment with glyceraldehyde

Blood ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 544-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
LJ Benjamin ◽  
JM Manning
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Lysine Residue ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Hemoglobin Tetramer ◽  
Sickle Erythrocytes ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Glyceraldehyde has been demonstrated to be an antisickling agent in vitro. In the present investigation, chromium-51 red cell studies were used to investigate the life span in vivo of sickle erythrocytes after treatment with glyceraldehyde in vitro. The mean survival (T1/2) of control cells was 5.8 +/- 1.6 days, whereas cells treated with 10 mmol/L or 20 mmol/L glyceraldehyde survived 9.0 +/- 1.4 (P less than .05) and 11.3 +/- 0.8 (P less than .002) days, respectively. The extent of modification by glyceraldehyde was 0.4 to 1.0 lysine residue per hemoglobin tetramer. These studies demonstrate not only a prolongation of the life span of sickle erythrocytes by treatment with glyceraldehyde but also the absence of any deleterious effects that would be revealed by this study.

Bulk-fill Resin-based Composites: An In Vitro Assessment of Their Mechanical Performance

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 618-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Ilie ◽  
S Bucuta ◽  
M Draenert
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Indentation Modulus ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
In Vitro Assessment ◽  
The Mean

SUMMARY The study aimed to assess the mechanical performance of seven bulk-fill RBCs (Venus Bulk Fill, Heraeus Kulzer; SureFil SDR flow, Dentsply Caulk; x-tra base and x-tra fil, VOCO; Filtek Bulk Fill, 3M ESPE; SonicFill, Kerr; Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill, Ivoclar Vivadent) by determining their flexural strength (σ), reliability (Weibull parameter, m), flexural modulus (Eflexural), indentation modulus (YHU), Vickers hardness (HV), and creep (Cr). The significant highest flexural strengths were measured for SonicFill, x-tra base, and x-tra fil, while x-tra base, SureFil SDR flow, and Venus Bulk Fill showed the best reliability. The differences among the materials became more evident in terms of Eflexural and YHU, with x-tra fil achieving the highest values, while Filtek Bulk Fill and Venus Bulk Fill achieved the lowest. The enlarged depth of cure in bulk-fill RBCs seems to have been realized by enhancing the materials' translucency through decreasing the filler amount and increasing the filler size. The manufacturer's recommendation to finish a bulk-fill RBC restoration by adding a capping layer made of regular RBCs is an imperative necessity, since the modulus of elasticity and hardness of certain materials (SureFil SDR flow, Venus Bulk Fill, and Filtek Bulk Fill) were considerably below the mean values measured in regular nanohybrid and microhybrid RBCs. The class of bulk-fill RBCs revealed similar flexural strength values as the class of nanohybrid and microhybrid RBCs, and significantly higher values when compared to flowable RBCs. The modulus of elasticity (Eflexural), the indentation modulus (YHU), and the Vickers hardness (HV) classify the bulk-fill RBCs as between the hybrid RBCs and the flowable RBCs; in terms of creep, bulk-fill and the flowable RBCs perform similarly, both showing a significantly lower creep resistance when compared to the nanohybrid and microhybrid RBCs.

Molecular adsorbent recirculating system (MARS) and continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) for diltiazem removal: An in vitro study

2020 ◽  
pp. 039139882097504
Author(s):  
Nicolas Fabresse ◽  
Islam Amine Larabi ◽  
Elodie Lamy ◽  
Bruno Mégarbane ◽  
Jean-Claude Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Initial Dose ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Central Compartment ◽  
Dialysis Membrane ◽  
Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Diffusion Convection ◽  
Molecular Adsorbent

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of the molecular adsorbent recirculating system (MARS) vs continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF). Diltiazem poisoning was simulated in a central compartment consisting in a 5L dialysis solute spiked with diltiazem at two different toxic concentrations: 750 and 5000 µg/L. For CVVHDF, mean extraction coefficients (EC = (in concentration − out concentration)/in concentration) were concentration-dependent with a decrease all along the dialysis. At the end of the sessions the mean amounts remaining in the central compartment were 8% and 7% of the initial dose at 750 and 5000 µg/L, respectively. The mean cumulative amounts found in the effluent were 60% and 75% of the initial dose, respectively. The missing amounts accounted for 32% and 18% of the initial dose, respectively, corresponding to an adsorption to the dialysis membrane. In contrast, the different compartments of the MARS resulted in undetectable output concentration earlier that the end of the session. The mean concentrations of diltiazem remaining in the central compartment were <1 µg/L at the end of the sessions. Global ECs were around 50% all along the experiment at both concentrations, and the average charcoal cartridge ECs was 80% throughout the experiments. CVVHDF system in the developed model was efficient for diltiazem removal, mainly by diffusion, convection and to a lesser extent by adsorption to the dialysis membrane. In MARS system, resin cartridge and hemodialysis components are ineffective, charcoal cartridge is responsible for almost all drug removal.

scholarly journals Enhanced survival of sickle erythrocytes upon treatment with glyceraldehyde

Blood ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 544-546
Author(s):  
LJ Benjamin ◽  
JM Manning
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Lysine Residue ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Hemoglobin Tetramer ◽  
Sickle Erythrocytes ◽  
The Mean

Glyceraldehyde has been demonstrated to be an antisickling agent in vitro. In the present investigation, chromium-51 red cell studies were used to investigate the life span in vivo of sickle erythrocytes after treatment with glyceraldehyde in vitro. The mean survival (T1/2) of control cells was 5.8 +/- 1.6 days, whereas cells treated with 10 mmol/L or 20 mmol/L glyceraldehyde survived 9.0 +/- 1.4 (P less than .05) and 11.3 +/- 0.8 (P less than .002) days, respectively. The extent of modification by glyceraldehyde was 0.4 to 1.0 lysine residue per hemoglobin tetramer. These studies demonstrate not only a prolongation of the life span of sickle erythrocytes by treatment with glyceraldehyde but also the absence of any deleterious effects that would be revealed by this study.

In vitro assessment of Labisia pumila and its constituents for interactions with CYPs, P-GP and PXR

Planta Medica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
VK Manda ◽  
OR Dale ◽  
C Awortwe ◽  
Z Ali ◽  
IA Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Assessment ◽  
Labisia Pumila

The Anticoagulant Effect of Heparinoid Org 10172 During Haemodialysis: An Objective Assessment

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (02) ◽  
pp. 271-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Ireland ◽  
D A Lane ◽  
Angela Flynn ◽  
E Anastassiades ◽  
J R Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Bolus Dose ◽  
Bolus Injection ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Factor Xa ◽  
Fibrin Clot ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
Fibrin Formation ◽  
Single Bolus Injection

SummaryThe heparinoid of natural origin Org 10172 has anti-factor Xa activity but minimal anti-thrombin activity, and little effect upon broad spectrum assays such as the KCCT in vitro. Its anticoagulant effects have been compared to those of commercial heparin in 7 patients undergoing haemodialysis for chronic renal failure. Commercial heparin was administered in a dose (5,000 iu bolus + 1,500 iu/hour continuous iv infusion) previously shown to inhibit fibrin formation during haemodialysis. This produced mean anti-factor Xa levels in plasma between 0.7-1.0 iu/ml and largely suppressed fibrin formation for 5 h dialysis measured as mean FPA levels in plasma. Administration of Org 10172 as a bolus of 1,350 anti-factor Xa u or 2,000-2,400 anti-factor Xa u produced plasma anti-factor Xa levels of less than 0.5 u/ml and allowed fibrin clot and FPA generation during dialysis. Org 10172 administered as a bolus dose of 4,000-4,800 anti-factor Xa u produced mean anti-factor Xa levels of greater than 0.5 u/ml, allowed dialysis of 6 patients for 5 h and appreciably suppressed FPA generation during dialysis, with little effect on the KCCT.It is concluded that the anti-factor Xa activity of Org 10172 may reflect its ability to inhibit fibrin during dialysis and that single bolus injection of Org 10172 may be a useful alternative method of achieving anticoagulation.

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