Hemoperfusion Based on Artificial Cells for Aluminium and Iron Removal, Immunosorption, Fulminant Hepatic Failure, Uremia, Poisoning and Metabolic Assists

1986 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 285-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.M.S. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Fulminant Hepatic Failure ◽  
Hepatic Failure ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Artificial Cells ◽  
Artificial Cell ◽  
Volume Relationship ◽  
Charcoal Hemoperfusion

The author reviewed artificial cells and their applications in hemoperfusion for chronic renal failure, poisoning, fulminant hepatic failure, removal of aluminium and iron, and metabolic assists. Other areas reviewed included artificial cells containing enzymes, multienzymes, immunosorbents, cell cultures and other areas. Artificial cells can be formed as membrane coated adsorbent or microencapsulated adsorbent, enzymes and cells (1-3). The large surface to volume relationship and the ultrathin membrane of artificial cells allows the rapid equilibration of metabolites (1-3). Artificial cells containing enzymes, ion exchange resin and activated charcoal have been used for hemoperfusion (4). The microencapsulated or membrane coated absorbents, enzymes, cells, immunosorbents and other material are prevented from releasing unwanted material into the circulation and prevented from adverse effects on blood cells. Because of the problem of charcoal in releasing emboli and depleting platelets (5) we first developed coated activated charcoal hemoperfusion for clinical application (6, 7). This has been used extensively in clinical studies. The artificial cell approach has also been applied to a number of other hemoperfusion approaches. The lack of space only allows this paper to summarize some of the approaches originated from this research centre.

Effects of Charcoal Hemoperfusion with Prostacyclin on the Coagulation-fibrinolysis System and Platelets of Patients with Fulminant Hepatic Failure — Preliminary Observations

1982 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Cordopatri ◽  
S. Boncinelli ◽  
M. Marsili ◽  
P. Lorenzi ◽  
L.P. Fabbri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Platelet Count ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Fulminant Hepatic Failure ◽  
Hepatic Failure ◽  
Charcoal Hemoperfusion

The coagulation-fibrinolysis system and platelet function were studied in two patients with fulminant hepatic failure undergoing charcoal hemoperfusion with prostacyclin (PGI2) infusion. There was no adverse effect on the purely coagulative side and significant decreases were found only in Factors V and VII. There was a significant increase in platelet count and initially high BTG values decreased to normal. The findings suggest that PGI2 greatly improves the biocompatibility of hemoperfusion devices.

Neutrophil Adherence during Hemoperfusion in Fulminant Hepatic Failure

1982 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 315-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Altin ◽  
R.D. Hughes ◽  
R. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Fulminant Hepatic Failure ◽  
Hepatic Failure ◽  
Progressive Decrease ◽  
Neutrophil Adherence ◽  
Nylon Fibre ◽  
Charcoal Hemoperfusion

Neutrophil adherence to nylon fibre packed in plastic syringes was determined in blood from patients with fulminant hepatic failure, both before and during charcoal hemoperfusion carried out with prostacyclin infusion and resin hemoperfusion without prostacyclin. During charcoal hemoperfusion there was a progressive decrease in neutrophil adherence, reaching the lowest value at 4 h (30.4 ± SE 4.8%). After completion of hemoperfusion the adherence value returned to the preperfusion level (53.0 ± 8.4%). These effects are probably attributable to the PGI2 infusion. No marked changes in neutrophil adherence were observed during resin hemoperfusion.

Controlled trials of charcoal hemoperfusion and prognostic factors in fulminant hepatic failure

1988 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 1186-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. O'Grady ◽  
A.E.S. Gimson ◽  
C.J. O'Brien ◽  
A. Pucknell ◽  
R.D. Hughes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Fulminant Hepatic Failure ◽  
Hepatic Failure ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Charcoal Hemoperfusion

Tyrosinase Immobilized within Artificial Cells for Detoxification in Liver Failure: Ii. in Vivo Studies in Fulminant Hepatic Failure Rats

1981 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Shu ◽  
T.M.S. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Liver Failure ◽  
Fulminant Hepatic Failure ◽  
Hepatic Failure ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Artificial Cells ◽  
Free Phenol ◽  
The One ◽  
Plasma Tyrosine

Galactosamine-induced fulminant hepatic failure rats were used for in vivo studies of the removal of tyrosine and total free phenol by means of hemoperfusion over immobilized tyrosinase within artificial cells. The elevated plasma tyrosine level was decreased to about half the value after one hour of hemoperfusion. The studies of tyrosine clearance suggest that it is efficient and remains constant throughout the one-hour hemoperfusion. In those galactosamine-induced fulminant hepatic failure rats with increased total free phenol levels hemoperfusion over tyrosinase artificial cells significantly lowered the level.

Effects of Acidification on Mobilization of Heavy Metals and Radionuclides from the Sediments of a Freshwater Lake

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Schindler ◽  
R. H. Hesslein ◽  
R. Wagemann ◽  
W. S. Broecker
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Manganese Zinc ◽  
Mixed Bed Ion Exchange ◽  
Log Linear

Large (10 m) diameter enclosures were sealed to the sediments in 2–2.5 m of water in Lake 223. Two tubes were held at control pH (6.7–6.8), one was lowered to pH 5.7 and one to pH 5.1, using H2SO4. Aluminum, manganese, zinc, and iron were released from lake sediments at pH 5 and 6. Concentrations of zinc in the overlying water column exceeded 300 μg∙L−1. Radioisotopes of several heavy metals added to the water of the enclosure showed the following: all metals were removed from the water at log-linear rates, with half-times of 5–25 d. Acidification caused several metals to become more soluble, including Fe-59, Co-60, Mn-54, and Zn-65. Solubility of V-48 and Hg-203 decreased with increasing acidity. Acidification also slowed the loss to sediments of Mn-54 and Zn-65. Losses of Ba-133, Se-75, Cs-134, and V-48 were more rapid under acid conditions. The fractions of any isotope retained by a 0.45-μm filter, activated charcoal and mixed-bed ion exchange resin remained constant throughout the experiment at any given pH.Key words: sediment–water interactions, heavy metals, radionuclides, lake acidification

Bioartificial Liver: Implanted Artificial Cells Microencapsulated Living Hepatocytes Increases Survival of Liver Failure Rats

1986 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 335-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wong ◽  
T.M.S. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Liver Failure ◽  
Fulminant Hepatic Failure ◽  
Hepatic Failure ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Bioartificial Liver ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Artificial Cells ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Grade Ii

Suspension of living hepatocytes were microencapsulated inside 300 micron mean diameter alginate artificial cells. The galactosamine fulminant hepatic failure rat model was used. 48 hours after the injection of galactosamine, grade II coma hepatic failure rats were divided into pairs. One of the pair was randomly chosen for the control group, and the other for the treated group. Each rat in the control group received one peritoneal injection of microcapsules containing no hepatocytes. Each rat in the treated group received one peritoneal injection of microcapsules containing hepatocytes. The survival of the treated group is significantly higher than the control group.

Bilirubin Removal from an Hepatic Failure Patient by Resin Hemoperfusion

1981 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mor ◽  
S. Sideman ◽  
M. Mihich ◽  
U. Taitelman
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Mass Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Hepatic Failure ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Human Albumin ◽  
Volumetric Mass Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia

An hemoperfusion (HP) column, packed with beads of a macroreticular MR ion exchange resin which were made biocompatible by coating with a fine layer of cross-linked human albumin, was applied to the removal of bilirubin (BIL) from a jaundiced 69-year old man with hepatic failure. The column was found most suitable for BIL removal. However, the high volumetric mass transfer coefficient of the unconjugated (UC) BIL indicates that this column could best be used for BIL removal from babies suffering from unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia.

Hepatic lymphoma presenting as fulminant hepatic failure

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A257-A257
Author(s):  
N SHAMUGAM ◽  
R AMARO ◽  
E MOLINA ◽  
L RAEZ
Keyword(s):  
Fulminant Hepatic Failure ◽  
Hepatic Failure
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document