scholarly journals The Side Hustle Safety Net: Precarious Workers and Gig Work during COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 073112142110054
Author(s):  
Alexandrea J. Ravenelle ◽  
Ken Cai Kowalski ◽  
Erica Janko
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Social Safety Net ◽  
Financial Barriers ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Low Income Groups ◽  
The Impact

While social distancing measures are essential in limiting the impact of a pandemic, such measures are often less feasible for low-income groups such as precarious workers who continue to travel on public transit and are less able to practice social distancing measures. In this paper, based on in-depth remote interviews conducted from April 2020 through June 2020, with more than 130 gig and precarious workers in New York City, we find that precarious workers experience three main hurdles in regard to accessing unemployment assistance that can be broadly categorized as knowledge, sociological, and temporal/financial barriers. Drawing on worker interview responses, we have named these responses: (1) Didn’t Know, (2) Didn’t Want, and (3) Can’t Wait. These challenges have led workers to turn to gig and precarious work, further highlighting the inequities of the pandemic. As a result, for some workers, so-called “side hustles” have become their primary social safety net.

Sociodemographic Correlates of Food Insecurity Among New York City Tobacco Users

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 664-667
Author(s):  
Christina N. Wysota ◽  
Scott E. Sherman ◽  
Elizabeth Vargas ◽  
Erin S. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
York City ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Sociodemographic Correlates

Purpose: To identify rates and sociodemographic correlates of food insecurity among low-income smokers. Design: Cross-sectional analysis of baseline survey data from a randomized controlled trial (N = 403) testing a smoking cessation intervention for low-income smokers. Setting: Two safety-net hospitals in New York City. Sample: Current smokers with annual household income <200% of the federal poverty level. Measures: Food insecurity was measured using the United States Department of Agriculture 6-item food security module. Participant sociodemographics were assessed by self-reported survey responses. Analysis: We used frequencies to calculate the proportion of smokers experiencing food insecurity and multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with being food insecure. Results: Fifty-eight percent of participants were food insecure, with 29% reporting very high food insecurity. Compared to married participants, separated, widowed, or divorced participants were more likely to be food insecure (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25-4.33), as were never married participants (AOR = 2.81, 95% CI: 1.54-5.14). Conclusions: Health promotion approaches that target multiple health risks (eg, smoking and food access) may be needed for low-income populations. Interventions which seek to alleviate food insecurity may benefit from targeting socially isolated smokers.

Working but Poor in New York City

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 101-112
Author(s):  
Howard Shih
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Low Income ◽  
York City ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
American Children ◽  
American Poverty

This policy brief summarizes the methodology and key findings of the Asian American Federation’s report, Working but Poor: Asian Americans in New York City. The report marked the first time Asian American poverty in New York City was examined in detail using the new American Community Survey (ACS) Public Use Microdata Sample. The report also uses two definitions to examine struggling Asian Americans, the official poverty thresholds traditionally used and a concept of low-income families defined as families living below twice the federal poverty thresholds. After a summary on the methodology of the report, the brief will cover the findings and recommendations through three issue areas: improving job opportunities for working-age Asian Americans, building skills to help Asian American children broaden their future opportunities, and helping seniors in need of access to the social safety net. The brief concludes with an overview of Asian American poverty from a national perspective and discussion of future areas of study.

Privatisation of Housing and the Impact of the Conservative Government's Initiatives on Low-Cost Homeownership and Private Renting between 1979 and 1984 in England and Wales: 3. Impact and Evaluation of Low-Cost Homeownership Policy

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 901-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
A D H Crook
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Private Renting ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Low Income Groups ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Right To Buy

This is the third in a series of four papers describing and evaluating the British Government's policies of privatising housing. In this paper the research on the short-run impact of the low-cost homeownership programme is examined, by looking at the right to buy, shared ownership, improvement for sale, and homesteading, and at starter homes and licence schemes. The purchasers who have benefited from the programme are identified and the reasons for some of the failures of the policy to reach priority groups and areas of need are examined. An evaluation of the programme is made under three headings: the extent to which new investment is generated, the extent to which benefits are restricted to groups in need, and the long-term consequences of expanding homeownership amongst low-income groups. It is concluded that privatisation cannot be achieved without continued state support and regulation.

scholarly journals Impact of High-Speed Rail on Social Equity—Insights from a Stated Preference Survey in Vietnam

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 602
Author(s):  
An Minh Ngoc ◽  
Hiroaki Nishiuchi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Social Equity ◽  
High Price ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Stated Preference Survey ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Low Income Groups ◽  
The Impact

This study investigated the impact of high-speed rail (HSR) on social equity, utilizing information from a stated preference survey conducted in Vietnam. Social equity was examined across the population of four cities representing the northern, central, and southern areas of Vietnam. In general, the high price of HSR is one of the barriers to using HSR over inter-city buses and conventional trains. Low-income groups (less than VND 6 million per month) have 4.894 and 4.725 times the likelihoods, compared to higher income groups, of retaining the use of an inter-city bus or conventional train, respectively, after introducing HSR. Our findings reveal the fact that social inequity may occur, with the low-income group being especially vulnerable, due to the existence of HSR in the future. Furthermore, our results indicate that the interest of people towards inter-city buses and conventional trains varied among the four cities before and after the presence of HSR. More specifically, low-income groups in Vinh and Nha Trang were observed to have a higher feeling of staying away from HSR, as they prefer to use inter-city buses. The findings of this study suggest that planners and policymakers need to consider various components of HSR ticket planning, in order to achieve sustainable evolution of the passenger rail system.

scholarly journals Hematologic Involvement as a Predictor of Mortality in COVID-19 Patients in a Safety Net Hospital

2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 322-330
Author(s):  
Luis F. Gonzalez-Mosquera ◽  
Sandra Gomez-Paz ◽  
Eric Lam ◽  
Diana Cardenas-Maldonado ◽  
Joshua Fogel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Safety Net Hospital ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Improve Patient

Introduction. COVID-19 affects the hematologic system. We evaluate the impact of hematologic involvement of different blood cell line parameters of white blood cells including absolute neutrophil count (ANC), hemoglobin, and platelets in COVID-19 patients and their association with hospital mortality and length of stay (LOS).  Methods. This is a retrospective study of 475 patients with confirmed positive COVID-19 infection and hematologic abnormalities in the metropolitan New York City area. Results. Increased (ANC) (OR:1.20; 95% CI:1.02-1.42, p<0.05) increased days to hematologic involvement (OR:4.44, 95% CI:1.42-13.90; p<0.05), and persistence of hematologic involvement at discharge (OR:2.87, 95% CI:1.20, 6.90, p<0.05) were associated with higher mortality. Higher hemoglobin at admission (OR:0.77, 95% CI:0.60-0.98, p<0.001) and platelets peak (OR:0.995, 95% CI 95%:0.992-0.997, p<0.001) were associated with decreased mortality. Patients with higher white blood cell peak (B=0.46, SE=0.07, p<0.001) and higher hemoglobin at admission (B=0.05, SE=0.01, p<0.001) were associated with higher LOS. Those with higher hemoglobin nadir (B=-0.06, SE=0.01, p<0.001), higher platelets nadir (B=-0.001, SE=<0.001, p<0.001), and hematologic involvement at discharge/death (B=-0.06, SE=0.03, p<0.05) were associated with lower LOS. Conclusions. These findings can be used by clinicians to better risk-stratify patients with hematologic involvement in COVID-19 and tailor therapies to potentially improve patient outcomes.

Safe Streets for All? Analyzing Infrastructural Response to Pedestrian and Cyclist Crashes in New York City, 2009–2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (2) ◽  
pp. 672-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Rebentisch ◽  
Rania Wasfi ◽  
Daniel P. Piatkowski ◽  
Kevin Manaugh
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Low Income ◽  
York City ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Bicycle Infrastructure ◽  
Safety Investment

Although cycling and walking carry a host of benefits, neither the benefits nor the risks—those of injury and fatality—are equitably distributed. Although research has shown higher income and gentrified areas have better access to protected bicycle infrastructure, low-income and communities of color are overrepresented in severe injury and fatality rates among cyclists and pedestrians. This research employs temporal, spatial, and socio-economic data to study the distribution of cycling infrastructure and safety improvements in New York City between income groups and boroughs. The integration of temporal data representing pedestrian and cyclist injury and fatality, and infrastructure installation date, point toward the establishment of time trends in the relationship between traffic violence and safety investment. Socio-economic factors are analyzed to see how this relationship and access more generally are related to income. We observed that lower-income groups continue to be overrepresented in crashes across New York’s boroughs, with the exception of Manhattan, and although crash rates have fallen in the years since 2009, these gains do not improve the position of lower-income groups, which continue to experience a disproportionate share of fatalities and injuries. However, longitudinal multi-level logistic models controlling for reported pedestrian and cyclist injuries in previous years uncovered additional relationships between socio-economic status, injuries, location, and safety investment. For example, the implementation of safety improvements and speed humps are significantly related to reported injuries in previous years; this finding supports the city’s stated goals of targeting improvements to areas most in need of improved safety for vulnerable road users.

‘Homelessness’, Contagious Destruction of Housing, and Municipal Service Cuts in New York City: 2. Dynamics of a Housing Famine

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Wallace
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Low Income ◽  
York City ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Complex Life Cycle ◽  
Lag Effects ◽  
Time Dynamics ◽  
Urban Decay ◽  
The Impact

This paper expands on an earlier analysis finding that massive loss of housing to contagious urban decay in New York City, after a delay, has materially contributed to creation of a literal famine of housing and community. As in traditional food famines, a great housing deficit, some estimates suggest a quarter million unit shortfall affecting perhaps a million people, has structured itself according to the city's social hierarchy, striking most seriously the most vulnerable of the population. These increasingly become precariously housed and then, with time, homeless as the decline of low-income housing supply collides with increasing numbers of the poor. Previous simple mathematical analysis suggested the demographics of those precariously housed strongly determines the dynamics of homelessness. A generalized treatment is given here, linking the number precariously housed in New York City to contagious urban decay and time lag effects resulting from housing units made available by an episode of out-migration by the middle class, along with the impact of expected deterioration of public health causing elevated death rates among the precariously housed and the homeless. The resulting mathematical model raises the possibility of complex, counterintuitive and self-reinforcing cyclic time dynamics, with deceptive apparently latent periods, and serious instabilities, perhaps capable of rapidly producing unexpected avalanches of homeless people. Suggestions are made for intervention and control, based on understanding the complex ‘life cycle’ of the process. These, it is found, must include prompt restoration of critical housing-related municipal services, particularly fire extinguishment.

Planetary gentrification and urban (re)development

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loretta Lees
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Urban Redevelopment ◽  
Urban Transformation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Low Income Groups

Abstract Gentrification is no-longer, if it ever was, a small scale process of urban transformation. Gentrification globally is more often practised as large scale urban redevelopment. It is state-led or state-induced. The results are clear – the displacement and disenfranchisement of low income groups in favour of wealthier in-movers. So, why has gentrification come to dominate policy making worldwide and what can be done about it?

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