Reliabilities of Discrepancy Scores and Supplemental Tables for the WASI–II

2021 ◽  
pp. 073428292110405
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Ryan ◽  
Samuel T. Gontkovsky
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Hypothesis Generation ◽  
Verbal Comprehension ◽  
Discrepancy Score ◽  
Discrepancy Scores ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Perceptual Reasoning

We analyzed data from the WASI–II manual to determine discrepancy score reliabilities of the Verbal Comprehension (VCI) and Perceptual Reasoning (PRI) indexes and the four subtests in the child and adult standardization samples. Reliabilities of the VCI–PRI discrepancy scores range from .78 to .86 for children and .82 to .89 for adults and generally are large enough to justify hypothesis generation. Discrepancy score reliabilities of the subtests range from .64 to .82 and .66 to .84 for children and adults, respectively, and therefore must be considered on a score-by-score basis in formulating hypotheses. Tables are provided to identify significant differences between pairs of subtests and to determine ipsative strengths and weaknesses when each subtest is compared to the mean of four subtests. The use of confidence intervals for the interpretation of discrepancy scores is presented. If additional discrepancy score reliabilities and cut-offs are desired, the necessary formulas are provided.

scholarly journals RARE-04. INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN WITH PEDIATRIC CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA AFTER TUMOR REMOVAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii442-iii442
Author(s):  
Tatsuki Oyoshi ◽  
Shingo Fujio ◽  
Nayuta Higa ◽  
Hajime Yonezawa ◽  
Koji Yoshimoto
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Electrolyte Imbalance ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Tumor Removal ◽  
Full Scale Intelligence Quotient ◽  
Verbal Comprehension Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Perceptual Reasoning

Abstract INTRODUCTION Intellectual assessment in children with craniopharyngioma after tumor removal is still unknown. We assessed intellectual development in children who underwent microsurgical resection in our institute over the last twelve years. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten children among 41 patients with craniopharyngioma treated and followed at Kagoshima University Hospital between 2007 and 2019 were reviewed. We also assessed intellectual development in 10 years or younger children with craniopharyngioma one year after tumor removal. Intelligence was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-Ⅳ). RESULTS Ten children underwent microsurgical tumor removal. The mean age at surgery was 5.8 (range 1–10) years. Transcranial approach was performed in 8 children, transsphenoidal approach in two children. The mean follow up period was 110 months. Gamma knife surgery (GKS) was performed in 6 children less than 6 months after first surgery. Regional recurrences occurred in 5 children, and additional GKS was performed in four children, second microsurgical removal in one child. Severe obesity with a transient electrolyte imbalance occurred in one child. Eight children with GH deficiency underwent GH replacement therapy. Eight children were assessed working memory index (WMI), processing speed index (PSI), Perceptual reasoning index (PRI), and verbal comprehension index (VCI) using WISC 4. Each mean value of WMI, PSI, and PRI was lower than VCI, except for 2 children with normal full scale intelligence quotient. CONCLUSION WMI, PSI and PRI in children with intellectual disabilities were lower tendency than VCI after surgical removal of craniopharyngiomas in the present study.

scholarly journals Assessment of decrease in renal function associated with hypothyroidism

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-286
Author(s):  
Ayesha Ammar ◽  
Kahkashan Bashir Mir ◽  
Sadaf Batool ◽  
Noreen Marwat ◽  
Maryam Saeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
T Test ◽  
Euthyroid State ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Objective: Study was aimed to see the effects of hypothyroidism on GFR as a renal function. Material and methods: Total of Fifty-eight patients were included in the study. Out of those forty-eight patients were female and the rest were male. Out of fifty eight patients, fifty three patients were of thyroid cancer in which hypothyroidism was due to discontinuation of thyroxine before the administration of radioactive iodine for Differentiated thyroid cancer.Moreover, remaining five patients were post radioactive iodine treatment (for hyperthyroidism) hypothyroid. All of the patients were above eighteen years of age with TSH value > 30µIU/ml. Pregnant and lactating females were excluded.Renal function tests (urea/creatinine, creatinine clearance) and serum electrolytes followed by Tc-99m-DTPA renal scan for GFR assessment (GATES’ method) were carried out in all subjects twice during the study, One study during hypothyroid state (TSH > 30 µIU/ml) and other during euthyroid state (TSH between 0.4 to 4µ IU/ml). The results of Student’s t-test showed significant difference in renal functions (Urea, creatinine, creatinine clearance, GFR values) in euthyroid state and hypothyroid state (p-value <0.05). RESULTS: In case of creatinine the paired t test reveal the mean 1.014±0.428, with standard error of 0.669 within 95% confidence interval, for creatinine clearance 80.11±14.12 with standard error of 1.94 within 95% confidence intervals, for urea the mean 28±12.13 with standard error of 1.607 within 95% confidence intervals and for GFR for individual kidney is 38.056±8.56 with standard error of 1.3717 within 95% confidence interval. There was no difference in the outcome of the 2 groups. Conclusion: Hypothyroidism impairs renal function to a significant level and hence needs to be prevented and corrected as early as possible.

scholarly journals Hacer estimaciones estadísticas

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H Badii
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Statistical Estimation ◽  
Good Estimator ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Keywords: Estimations, sampling, statisticsAbstract. The notion of statistical estimation both in terms of point and interval is described. The criteria of a good estimator are noted. The procedures to calculate the intervals for the mean, proportions and the difference among two means as well as the confidence intervals for the probable errors in statistics are provided.Palabras clave: Estadística, estimación, muestreoResumen. En la presente investigación se describen la noción de la estimación estadística, tanto de tipo puntual con de forma de intervalo. Se presentan los criterios que debe reunir un estimador bueno. Se notan con ejemplos, la forma de calcular la estimación del intervalo para la media, la proporción y de la diferencia entre dos medias y los intervalos de confianza para los errores probables.

scholarly journals Accurate Estimation of Heart and Respiration Rates Based on an Optical Fiber Sensor Using Adaptive Regulations and Statistical Classifications Spectrum Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongjian Zhao ◽  
Lidong Du ◽  
Zhan Zhao ◽  
Xianxiang Chen ◽  
Jie Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Spectrum Analysis ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensor ◽  
Fiber Sensor ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this work is to present a method for accurately estimating heart and respiration rates under different actual conditions based on a mattress which was integrated with an optical fiber sensor. During the estimation, a ballistocardiogram (BCG) signal, which was obtained from the optical fiber sensor, was used for extracting the heart rate and the respiration rate. However, due to the detrimental effects of the differential detector, self-interference, and variation of installation status of the sensor, the ballistocardiogram (BCG) signal was difficult to detect. In order to resolve the potential concerns of individual differences and body interferences, adaptive regulations and statistical classifications spectrum analysis were used in this paper. Experiments were carried out to quantify heart and respiration rates of healthy volunteers under different breathing and posture conditions. From the experimental results, it could be concluded that (1) the heart rates of 40–150 beats per minute (bpm) and respiration rates of 10–20 breaths per minute (bpm) were measured for individual differences; (2) for the same individuals under four different posture contacts, the mean errors of heart rates were separately 1.60 ± 0.98 bpm, 1.94 ± 0.83 bpm, 1.24 ± 0.59 bpm, and 1.06 ± 0.62 bpm, in contrast, the mean errors of the polar beat device were 1.09 ± 0.96 bpm, 1.44 ± 0.99 bpm, and 1.78 ± 0.94 bpm. Furthermore, the experimental results were validated by conventional counterparts which used skin-contacting electrodes as their measurements. It was reported that the heart rate was 0.26 ± 2.80 bpm in 95% confidence intervals (± 1.96SD) in comparison with Philips sure-signs VM6 medical monitor, and the respiration rate was 0.41 ± 1.49 bpm in 95% confidence intervals (± 1.96SD) in comparison with ECG-derived respiratory (EDR) measurements for respiration rates. It was indicated that the developed system using adaptive regulations and statistical classifications spectrum analysis performed better and could easily be used under complex environments.

scholarly journals Coverage versus Confidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peyton Cook
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Negative Binomial Distribution ◽  
Binomial Distribution ◽  
Coverage Probability ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Asymptotic Confidence Interval ◽  
Population Proportion ◽  
Coverage Probabilities ◽  
The Mean

This article is intended to help students understand the concept of a coverage probability involving confidence intervals. Mathematica is used as a language for describing an algorithm to compute the coverage probability for a simple confidence interval based on the binomial distribution. Then, higher-level functions are used to compute probabilities of expressions in order to obtain coverage probabilities. Several examples are presented: two confidence intervals for a population proportion based on the binomial distribution, an asymptotic confidence interval for the mean of the Poisson distribution, and an asymptotic confidence interval for a population proportion based on the negative binomial distribution.

Improved approximate confidence intervals for the mean of a log-normal random variable

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1443-1459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas J. Taylor ◽  
Lawrence L. Kupper ◽  
Keith E. Muller
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Random Variable ◽  
Normal Random Variable ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Approximate Confidence Intervals ◽  
Log Normal

scholarly journals LINK OF MOMENTS BEFORE AND AFTER TRANSFORMATIONS, WITH AN APPLICATION TO RESAMPLING FROM FAT-TAILED DISTRIBUTIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (03) ◽  
pp. 630-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim M. Abadir ◽  
Adriana Cornea-Madeira
Keyword(s):  
Finite Number ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Characteristic Functions ◽  
Infinite Variance ◽  
Fundamental Relation ◽  
Bootstrap Confidence Intervals ◽  
Finite Samples ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Do So

Let x be a transformation of y, whose distribution is unknown. We derive an expansion formulating the expectations of x in terms of the expectations of y. Apart from the intrinsic interest in such a fundamental relation, our results can be applied to calculating E(x) by the low-order moments of a transformation which can be chosen to give a good approximation for E(x). To do so, we generalize the approach of bounding the terms in expansions of characteristic functions, and use our result to derive an explicit and accurate bound for the remainder when a finite number of terms is taken. We illustrate one of the implications of our method by providing accurate naive bootstrap confidence intervals for the mean of any fat-tailed distribution with an infinite variance, in which case currently available bootstrap methods are asymptotically invalid or unreliable in finite samples.

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