Gender and Sexual Identity in Adolescence: A Mixed-Methods Study of Labeling in Diverse Community Settings

2021 ◽  
pp. 074355842110003
Author(s):  
Phillip L. Hammack ◽  
Sam D. Hughes ◽  
Julianne M. Atwood ◽  
Elliot M. Cohen ◽  
Richard C. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Sexual Identity ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
White Youth ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Survey Sample ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Support ◽  
Identity Labels

Understandings of sexual and gender identity have expanded beyond traditional binaries, yet we know little about adolescents’ appropriation of identity labels across diverse communities. In a mixed-methods study of adolescents recruited from lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) spaces in communities differing in support of sexual and gender diversity, seven patterns emerged: (a) frequent use of nonbinary gender identity labels (23.9% of survey sample), especially in high-support communities; (b) greater comfort among adolescents assigned female at birth (AFAB) with diverse gender expression, which informants attributed to pressures to conform to compulsive masculinity for boys; (c) frequent use of plurisexual (60.8%) and asexual (9.9%) labels, especially among those AFAB, and discussion of online settings as a resource; (d) intersectional patterning of “queer” to describe sexual identity (12.4% of survey sample), with White youth in high-support communities signifying an intellectual/political stance and non-White youth in low-support communities using queer as an umbrella term; (e) resistance to labeling and ambivalence about labels due to intra-community dynamics; (f) labeling challenges among boys of color; and (g) challenges with stigma, sexualization, and violence for transgender and nonbinary youth. Findings highlight how contemporary adolescents engage with and challenge received conceptions of gender and sexuality and how this process is shaped by intersectional identities.

scholarly journals Routine collection of sexual orientation and gender identity data: a mixed-methods study

2019 ◽  
Vol 191 (3) ◽  
pp. E63-E68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Pinto ◽  
Tatiana Aratangy ◽  
Alex Abramovich ◽  
Kim Devotta ◽  
Rosane Nisenbaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals Perceptions of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Minority Adolescents About Labels

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn M. Porta ◽  
Amy L. Gower ◽  
Camille Brown ◽  
Brittany Wood ◽  
Marla E. Eisenberg
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Sexual Orientation Identity ◽  
Minority Adolescents ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Inductive Thematic Analysis ◽  
Identity Labels

Young peoples’ acceptance and use of nontraditional, descriptive identity labels (e.g., pansexual, genderqueer) require nurses to consider moving beyond use of traditional terms (e.g., gay, transgender). This mixed methods study explores (a) labels used by sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) minority youth, (b) their expressed importance and meaning of these labels, and (c) differences in label usage. Sixty-six SOGI minority adolescents in British Columbia, Minnesota, and Massachusetts (mean age = 16.6) participated in “go-along” interviews; during interviews, 42 (63.6%) commented on labels. Chi-square and t tests were used to compare traditional versus nontraditional labels across participant demographic categories. Inductive thematic analysis was used to identify representative themes. Approximately, 1/3 of participants used nontraditional sexual orientation identity labels; this finding was associated with a trans identity and nontraditional gender labels. Using terminology that is meaningful and representative to the youth themselves has potential to facilitate representative research and welcoming environments in practice.

Gender, Sexuality, and Psychological Theories of Youth Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra R. Homick ◽  
Lisa F. Platt
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Sexual Identity ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Erik Erikson ◽  
Transgender Identity ◽  
Stage Models ◽  
Minority Identity ◽  
And Gender

Gender and sexual identity play a significant role in the lives of developing youth. The developments of gender and sexual identities are shaped by a variety of factors including, but not limited to, biological, cognitive, and social elements. It is crucial to consider that gender and sexual minority individuals face additional complexities in the two processes of gender identity and sexual identity development. Cisgender identity development is most commonly understood with the help of early cognitive and social theories, although biological components play a part as well. Specifically, the theories of Lawrence Kohlberg, Sandra Bem, Alfred Bandura, and David Buss have made significant contributions to the understanding of cisgender identity development. Modern transgender identity development models are helpful in exploring transgender identity formation with the most popular being the Transgender Emergence Model founded by Arlene Lev. Similar to cisgender identity development, heterosexual identity development is typically understood with the help of early psychosocial theories, namely that of Erik Erikson. Sexual minority identity development is often comprehended using stage models and life-span models. Sexual minority stage models build off the work of Erik Erikson, with one of the most popular being the Cass Model of Gay and Lesbian Identity Development. Offering more flexibility than stage models and allowing for fluid sexual identity, life-span models, like the D’Augelli model, are often more popular choices for modern exploration of sexual minority identity development. As both sexual and gender identity spectrums are continuing to expand, there also comes a need for an exploration of the relationship between sexual and gender identity development, particularly among sexual minority populations.

scholarly journals HIV prevention and HIV care among transgender and gender diverse youth: design and implementation of a multisite mixed-methods study protocol in the U.S.

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Jadwin-Cakmak ◽  
Sari L. Reisner ◽  
Jaclyn M. W. Hughto ◽  
Liz Salomon ◽  
Miguel Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Study Protocol ◽  
Qualitative Interview ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Gender Diverse ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Background In the U.S., transgender and gender diverse (TGD) populations face structural, interpersonal, and individual barriers to healthcare. Less is known, however, about the HIV prevention and treatment experiences of TGD youth in the U.S. The current study was developed to fill this research gap. Methods This article describes the research protocol for a multi-site, U.S.-based mixed-methods study that sought to identify the multi-level facilitators and barriers that influence participation of TGD youth in various stages of the HIV prevention (e.g., pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake) and care continua. A sample of diverse TGD youth ages 16–24 was recruited from 14 U.S. sites. TGD youth participants completed a one-time, in-person visit that included an informed consent process, computer-based quantitative survey, and in-depth qualitative interview assessing experiences accessing HIV prevention and/or care services. Providers serving TGD youth were recruited from the same 14 sites and completed a one-time visit via phone that included informed consent, demographic questionnaire, and in-depth qualitative interview assessing their experiences providing HIV prevention or treatment services to TGD youth. Results Overall, 186 TGD youth ages 16–24 and 59 providers serving TGD youth were recruited and enrolled from across the 14 U.S. sites. TGD youth participants had a mean age of 20.69; 77.3% youth of color; 59.7% trans-feminine; 15.5% trans-masculine; 24.9% non-binary; 53.6% family income under poverty level. Providers included medical and mental health providers as well as case manager/care coordinators, HIV test counselors, and health educators/outreach workers. Providers were 81.3% cisgender and 30.5% people of color. Successes with community-engagement strategies and gender-affirming research methods are reported. Conclusions This study addresses critical gaps in current knowledge about the HIV prevention and care experiences of TGD youth. Findings have implications for the development of HIV interventions across levels to support the health and well-being of TGD youth. Future research is warranted to replicate and expand on lessons learned regarding recruitment and engagement of communities of TGD youth, including longitudinal designs to assess engagement across their developmental stages. Lessons learned working with TGD youth through developing and implementing the study protocol are shared. Trial registration Registered on ClinicalTrials.gov on 05/20/2015 (NCT02449629).

scholarly journals Healthcare workers’ perception of gender and work roles during the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed-methods study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e056434
Author(s):  
Bria Scriven Mele ◽  
Jayna M Holroyd-Leduc ◽  
Patricia Harasym ◽  
Sandra M Dumanski ◽  
Kirsten Fiest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
Universal Healthcare ◽  
Healthcare Workforce ◽  
Pandemic Response ◽  
Universal Healthcare System

ObjectivesA high functioning healthcare workforce is a key priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. We sought to determine how work and mental health for healthcare workers changed during the COVID-19 pandemic in a universal healthcare system, stratified by gender factors.DesignA mixed-methods study was employed. Phase 1 was an anonymous, internet-based survey (7 May–15 July 2020). Phase 2 was semistructured interviews offered to all respondents upon survey completion to describe how experiences may have differed by gender identity, roles and relations.SettingNational universal healthcare system (Canada).Participants2058 Canadian healthcare worker survey respondents (87% women, 11% men, 1% transgender or Two-Spirit), including 783 health professionals, 673 allied health professionals, 557 health support staff. Of the 63 unique healthcare worker types reported, registered nurses (11.5%), physicians (9.9%) and pharmacists (4.5%) were most common. Forty-six healthcare workers were interviewed.Main outcome measuresReported pandemic-induced changes to occupational leadership roles and responsibilities, household and caregiving responsibilities, and anxiety levels by gender identity.ResultsMen (19.8%) were more likely to hold pandemic leadership roles compared with women (13.4%). Women (57.5%) were more likely to report increased domestic responsibilities than men (45%). Women and those with dependents under the age of 10 years reported the greatest levels of anxiety during the pandemic. Interviews with healthcare workers further revealed a perceived imbalance in leadership opportunities based on gender identity, a lack of workplace supports disproportionately affecting women and an increase in domestic responsibilities influenced by gender roles.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic response has important gendered effects on the healthcare workforce. Healthcare workers are central to effective pandemic control, highlighting an urgent need for a gender-transformative pandemic response strategy.

Do Transmasculine Speakers Present With Gender-Related Voice Problems? Insights From a Participant-Centered Mixed-Methods Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Azul ◽  
Aron Arnold ◽  
Christiane Neuschaefer-Rube
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Content Analyses ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Gender Attribution ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Presentation

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there are indications of gender-related voice problems in our transmasculine participants and to analyze how discrepancies between participant self-evaluations and researcher-led examinations can be best negotiated to ensure a participant-centered interpretation. Method We conducted a participant-centered mixed-methods study combining qualitative content analyses of semistructured interviews, acoustical voice analyses, and an examination of gender attributions to voice. Fourteen German-speaking transmasculine people, 14 cisfemale control persons, and 7 cismale control persons participated. The data were examined for indications of gender-related voice problems pertaining to vocal gender presentation and gender attribution to voice received from others. Results Eleven participants (79%) presented with indications of gender-related voice problems. Problems included dissatisfaction with gender-related voice features, difficulties with control of vocal gender presentation, and mismatch between desired gender attribution and gender attributions received from others. Discrepancies between participant self-evaluations and researcher-led examinations were observed in a number of cases. Conclusion Transmasculine speakers may experience a range of gender-related voice problems. Research and clinical practice with transmasculine people need to be adapted to better match the diversity of the population and the complexity of the processes that shape the production of speaker vocal gender in interaction.

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