scholarly journals RETRACTED: Detection of LC50, NOEC and LOEC of some heavy metals (mercury, plumb and zinc) in freshwater fish Roach (Rutilus rutilus)

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. NP4-NP10
Author(s):  
Raimondas Leopoldas Idzelis ◽  
Vytautas Kesminas ◽  
Gintaras Svecevičius ◽  
Vaidas Misius

The paper analyses the effects of heavy metals on freshwater fishes. From the point of view of pollution caused by heavy metals, the condition of ecosystems in Lithuania is yet less affected by heavy metals compared to that the world over. Fishes accumulate heavy metals selectively. Fishes mostly accumulate Pb, Cr, Cd. Our experiments showed that MPC (Maximum Permitted Concentration) (0.2 mg/kg) of lead was exceeded 1.6 time in the muscles of perch, and 1.4 time ‐ in the muscles of roach. The MPC (0.05 mg/kg) of cadmium was exceeded 1.2 time in the muscles of perch and roach. It was determined that perch accumulate heavy metals more intensively than roach. Heavy metals accumulate in fishes: liver > muscle> gills. As heavy metals are considered to be one of the most harmful water pollutants, there is a great need for a constant ecological monitoring and reduction of their amounts released into the environment. According to long‐term research data, the MPC in fishes is exceeded only slightly. This confirms a good condition of aquatic ecosystems in Lithuania. Santrauka Įvertintas sunkiųjų metalų pasiskirstymas gėlavandenių žuvų audiniuose monitoringiniuose vandens telkiniuose, taip pat ir kuojų bei ešerių, paveiktų sunkiųjų metalų didžiausiomis leidžiamosiomis koncentracijomis (DLK), audiniuose. Eksperimentiniai tyrimai atlikti su Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd, kurių kiekvienas pasižymi kancerogeniniu mutageniniu poveikiu. Nustatyta, kad švino DLK (0,2 mg/kg) buvo viršyta ešerių raumenyse 1,6 karto, o kuojų – 1,4 karto. Kadmio DLK (0,05 mg/kg) ešerių ir kuojų raumenyse buvo viršyta apie 1,2 karto. Taip pat nustatyta, kad ešeriai sunkiuosius metalus kaupia intensyviau nei kuojos. Eksperimentiniai duomenys sutampa su sunkiųjų metalų tyrimų monitoringiniuose vandens telkiniuose duomenimis. Žuvų audiniuose Pb ir Cd koncentracijos yra didžiausios ir dažnai viršija Lietuvos higienos normoje nurodytąją DLK. Tokie rezultatai įpareigoja nuolat kontroliuoti sunkiųjų metalų kiekį žuvyse. Rezultatai pateikiami sunkiųjų metalų sklaidos pasiskirstymo grafikuose. Резюме Представлены данные по распределению тяжелых металлов в тканях пресноводных рыб в мониторинговых водоемах, а также результаты, полученные путем воздействия тяжелых металлов в предельно допустимых концентрациях (ПДК) на окуня и плотву. В экспериментальных исследованиях применялись металлы Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd, оказывающие на живые организмы воздействие мутагенного и канцерогенного характера. Установлено, что концентрация Cd в тканях окуня превышала ПДК (0,2 мг/кг) в 1,6 раза, а в тканях плотвы – в 1,4 раза. Концентрация Cd в тканях тех же рыб превышала ПДК (0,05 мг/кг) примерно в 1,2 раза. Также установлено, что окунь аккумулирует тяжелые металлы интенсивнее плотвы. Экспериментальные данные совпадают с данными, полученными в мониторинговых водоемах. Установлено также, что концентрация Pb и Cd в тканях рыб зачастую превышает ПДК. Полученные результаты обязывают постоянно контролировать уровень тяжелых металлов в тканях рыб.


2016 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 72-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Fedonenko ◽  
Nataliіa Yesipova ◽  
Tetyana Sharamok

The research was held in terms of Zaporozhian Reservoir (Ukraine) from 2014 till 2015 year. It was established that prussian carp (Carassius gibelio Bloch, 1782) and roach (Rutilus rutilus Linnaeus, 1758) underyearlings accumulate essential elements more extensively, especially zinc, comparing to adults ones. The species characteristic of heavy metals accumulation in the carp fish body was observed. The intensity level of erythropoiesis occurrence was higher in young fish of both species of carp fish. The specific features of cytometric characteristics of fish erythrocytes were identified: the relative amount of mature red blood cells prevailed in roach, and the area of mature red blood cells was significantly higher in prussian carp. In addition, in the young roach among immature forms of red blood cells significantly higher percentage of polychromatophil normoblasts was revealed.


2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 467-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Brönmark ◽  
K. Hulthén ◽  
P.A. Nilsson ◽  
C. Skov ◽  
L.-A. Hansson ◽  
...  

Animal migration is an amazing phenomenon that has fascinated humans for long. Many freshwater fishes also show remarkable migrations, whereof the spectacular mass migrations of salmonids from the spawning streams are the most well known and well studied. However, recent studies have shown that migration occurs in a range of freshwater fish taxa from many different habitats. In this review we focus on the causes and consequences of migration in freshwater fishes. We start with an introduction of concepts and categories of migration, and then address the evolutionary causes that drive individuals to make these migratory journeys. The basis for the decision of an individual fish to migrate or stay resident is an evaluation of the costs and benefits of different strategies to maximize its lifetime reproductive effort. We provide examples by discussing our own work on the causes behind seasonal migration in a cyprinid fish, roach (Rutilus rutilus (L., 1758)), within this framework. We then highlight different adaptations that allow fish to migrate over sometimes vast journeys across space, including capacity for orientation, osmoregulation, and efficient energy expenditure. Following this we consider the consequences of migration in freshwater fish from ecological, evolutionary, and conservation perspectives, and finally, we detail some of the recent developments in the methodologies used to collect data on fish migration and how these could be used in future research.


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