The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's Role in Development and Application of Biomarkers in Public Health Practice

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 979-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher T. Derosa ◽  
Yee-Wan Stevens ◽  
Jewell D. Wilson ◽  
Adedamola A. Ademoyero ◽  
Sharunda D. Buchanan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Environmental Health Sciences ◽  
Rutgers University ◽  
The Status ◽  
Health Studies

717 An overview of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's (ATSDR) biomarker program is presented in the context of the paradigm for biomarkers developed by the National Research Council (NRC, 1987, 1991). The status and projected utility of four biomarker studies conducted by NRC and sponsored by ATSDR, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) are discussed. These studies include a review of relevant research on biomarkers for specific toxicologic end points, including reproductive toxicology, pulmonary toxicology, neurotoxicology, and immunotoxicology. Also, the scope of related research on exposure characterization being conducted by the ATSDR-sponsored research program at Rutgers University is reviewed. The potential impact of biomarkers on public health assessments and on the range of ATSDR programs is described. Specifically, the role of biomarkers in dose reconstruction, in ATSDR's health studies program, and in the emerging field of molecular epidemiology is reviewed. In addition, future directions and research needs are addressed.

scholarly journals The role of researchers in disseminating evidence to public health practice settings: a cross-sectional study

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allese B. McVay ◽  
Katherine A. Stamatakis ◽  
Julie A. Jacobs ◽  
Rachel G. Tabak ◽  
Ross C. Brownson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Practice ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals “Back to the Future”: Time for a Renaissance of Public Health Engineering

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 387
Author(s):  
Richard J. Gelting ◽  
Steven C. Chapra ◽  
Paul E. Nevin ◽  
David E. Harvey ◽  
David M. Gute
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Native American ◽  
Alaska Native ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
The U.S

Public health has always been, and remains, an interdisciplinary field, and engineering was closely aligned with public health for many years. Indeed, the branch of engineering that has been known at various times as sanitary engineering, public health engineering, or environmental engineering was integral to the emergence of public health as a distinct discipline. However, in the United States (U.S.) during the 20th century, the academic preparation and practice of this branch of engineering became largely separated from public health. Various factors contributed to this separation, including an evolution in leadership roles within public health; increasing specialization within public health; and the emerging environmental movement, which led to the creation of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), with its emphasis on the natural environment. In this paper, we consider these factors in turn. We also present a case study example of public health engineering in current practice in the U.S. that has had large-scale positive health impacts through improving water and sanitation services in Native American and Alaska Native communities. We also consider briefly how to educate engineers to work in public health in the modern world, and the benefits and challenges associated with that process. We close by discussing the global implications of public health engineering and the need to re-integrate engineering into public health practice and strengthen the connection between the two fields.

Equipoise

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex John London
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Ethical Frameworks ◽  
The Status

The term “equipoise” refers to a state of uncertainty about the relative merits of a set of interventions, such as medical treatments for a particular disease or alternative policies for promoting economic, educational, or public health outcomes. This chapter discusses the role of equipoise in ensuring that research generates scientifically sound and socially valuable information while respecting the rights and welfare of the individuals whose interests are impacted by the conduct of the research. Alternative formulations of equipoise are distinguished, as are alternative ethical frameworks that provide a rationale for, and give content to, this appeal to uncertainty. It is argued that equipoise can be grounded in a general framework that applies to all research with humans that reconciles the imperative to produce socially valuable information with respect for the status of both participants and community members as free and equal persons.

scholarly journals Current Priorities for Public Health Practice in Addressing the Role of Human Genomics in Improving Population Health

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muin J. Khoury ◽  
Michael S. Bowen ◽  
Wylie Burke ◽  
Ralph J. Coates ◽  
Nicole F. Dowling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Health Practice ◽  
Human Genomics

The Role of Health Education and Behavior in Public Health Genetics

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 583-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon L. R. Kardia ◽  
Catharine Wang
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Public Health Genetics ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Continuum

This article highlights the important role of health behavior and health education (HBHE) research in public health genetics. Broadly defined, public health genetics is the integration of genetic advancements and technologies in the study and practice of public health. The potential role of HBHE within this area is presented across two intersecting continua—namely, the continuum between research and practice and the continuum between individual/personalized medicine and population health. The authors begin this article with an overview of current issues arising from the use of genetic information to improve the public’s health and provide a framework for understanding the multidimensional role of HBHE research in translating genetic research into medical and public health practice. An introduction to the nine articles and two practice notes included in this special issue is also provided to draw attention to the crosscutting themes and issues presented.

scholarly journals Rede Médicos-Sentinela como Instrumento de Vigilância em Saúde [Pública]

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Rodrigues ◽  
Rita Carvalho Fonseca ◽  
Carlos Matias-Dias
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Sentinel Network ◽  
Family Doctors ◽  
National Priority

<p>Current strategies of European health advocate the strengthening of the role of public health, requiring from decision-makers the ability to defend and enhance the health of individuals and populations in all policies. In the pursuit of this objective, public health should be evidence-based and so public health surveillance, seen as an important tool of public health since the nineteenth century, plays a central role in public health practice through the production and dissemination of the health information necessary for health planning and for evaluation of public health actions. Within the practice of public health estimations of disease frequency are important for outbreak control, health assessment, health needs assessment and estimation of health gains, but unfortunately these estimations are not always available for the entire population. In those cases and for diseases with high prevalence sentinel surveillance based in sentinel networks have some advantages for specific groups, namely needed of scarce resources and obtainment of quick results.<br />The central role of family doctors in chronic disease management, their knowledge on individuals and families and their responsibilities in the management of a clear defined patients list are characteristics that make general practice an appropriate context to develop a sentinel network. In fact, in Portugal there is a general practitioner sentinel network named Rede Médicos-Sentinela working since 1989 which estimated, for the last 25 years, incidence rates of several chronic diseases, some of them targeted on national priority health programs. Thus, we consider that Rede Médicos-Sentinela can be integrated in a national surveillance system for chronic diseases in Portugal.</p>

Ethics in Public Health Practice

2021 ◽  
pp. 137-174
Author(s):  
Robert E. McKeown
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Common Element ◽  
Health Practice ◽  
Means And Ends ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Preventive Ethics

This chapter outlines a foundation for addressing ethical concerns in public health practice, which is informed by the approach of Alasdair MacIntyre's definition of practice. It talks about the goal of public health and views practice as directed toward fulfillment of that goal and related goods, providing a common ground on which to base further discussions. It cites the foundational values of public health practice in identifying the common moral governance. It also looks at a common element of recent arguments on the importance and value of health that is necessarily for human well-being and flourishing, a perspective essential for discussions of the role of human rights and equity in public health ethics. The chapter delves into considerations of value that are related to the ends of public health but are also critical in the assessment and implementation of how those ends are achieved. It highlights the task of ethics that involves a continuing examination of means and ends in an iterative process. Though written before the COVID-19 pandemic, the chapter addresses the importance of public health preparedness for disasters and pandemics, including an outline of Preventive Ethics as central to ethical planning and implementation of public health prevention and response.

scholarly journals The Role of Public Health Inspectors in Maintaining Housing in Northern and Rural Communities: Recommendations to Support Public Health Practice

2012 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Lefebvre ◽  
Phyllis Montgomery ◽  
Isabelle Michel ◽  
Claire Warren ◽  
Tricia Larose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Health Practice
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