Memory Aids as a Disability-Related Accommodation? Let’s Remember to Recommend Them Appropriately

2020 ◽  
pp. 082957352097958
Author(s):  
Allyson G. Harrison ◽  
Alana Holmes ◽  
Bethany Pollock
Keyword(s):  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Post Secondary Education ◽  
School Students ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Memory Aids ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Unequal Access ◽  
Term Storage

Memory aids are now frequently provided to elementary and secondary school students to increase their success in achieving provincial curriculum standards. While such an accommodation may meet the immediate goal of improved academic performance it may not be warranted based on an actual long-term memory retrieval impairment and may therefore be inequitable, providing an unfair academic advantage relative to non-disabled students. Furthermore, providing memory aid accommodations inappropriately may rob students of the opportunity to learn effective study and retrieval strategies, leading instead to dependence on an accommodation that may not be continued once they enter post-secondary education. An appropriate accommodation at the post-secondary level of education removes a disability-related barrier (functional impairment) and assists only those facing such barriers; under human rights legislation, accommodations are not implemented to guarantee success, reduce anxiety, or provide unequal access to material. Memory aids improve the retrieval of information from long-term storage for everyone. As such, the current widespread provision of this accommodation prior to post-secondary studies must be evaluated critically, with such supports offered only when justified. A six-step process for determining when memory aids are an appropriate accommodation within the post-secondary setting is provided and discussed.

scholarly journals Neuronal reactivation during post-learning sleep consolidates long-term memory in Drosophila

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugur Dag ◽  
Zhengchang Lei ◽  
Jasmine Q Le ◽  
Allan Wong ◽  
Daniel Bushey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Memory Acquisition ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Term Storage

Animals consolidate some, but not all, learning experiences into long-term memory. Across the animal kingdom, sleep has been found to have a beneficial effect on the consolidation of recently formed memories into long-term storage. However, the underlying mechanisms of sleep dependent memory consolidation are poorly understood. Here, we show that consolidation of courtship long-term memory in Drosophila is mediated by reactivation during sleep of dopaminergic neurons that were earlier involved in memory acquisition. We identify specific fan-shaped body neurons that induce sleep after the learning experience and activate dopaminergic neurons for memory consolidation. Thus, we provide a direct link between sleep, neuronal reactivation of dopaminergic neurons, and memory consolidation.

ROLE AND USAGE OF ICT IN SCHOOL EDUCATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (36) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Madhavi
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
School Education ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
New Information ◽  
Concrete Form ◽  
Term Storage

When we are working on a computer, the information goes into short term memory. Unless we deliberately save the data onto long term storage, it is lost very quickly. The method we use to save new information that is presented to us determines that we most likely will retrieve it in the future. Similarly the concepts that are explained to the students have to be sent to their long term memory, i.e the abstract has to be made into the concrete form. This is possible by using ICT in classroom situation for making a merry in understanding the concepts if the school education and life. The usage of ICT will not only enhance learning environment but also prepare, next generation for future lives and career as said by Wheeler.

Dynamic Visual Noise Interferes with Storage in Visual Working Memory

2008 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham M. Dean ◽  
Stephen A. Dewhurst ◽  
Annalise Whittaker
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Visual Noise ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Dynamic Visual Noise ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
With Memory ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Different Levels

Several studies have demonstrated that dynamic visual noise (DVN) does not interfere with memory for random matrices. This has led to suggestions that (a) visual working memory is distinct from imagery, and (b) visual working memory is not a gateway between sensory input and long-term storage. A comparison of the interference effects of DVN with memory for matrices and colored textures shows that DVN can interfere with visual working memory, probably at a level of visual detail not easily supported by long-term memory structures or the recoding of the visual pattern elements. The results support a gateway model of visuospatial working memory and raise questions about the most appropriate ways to measure and model the different levels of representation of information that can be held in visual working memory.

scholarly journals A Biochemical Blueprint for Long-Term Memory

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik D. Roberson ◽  
J. David Sweatt
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Chemical Mechanism ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
A Priori Analysis ◽  
Term Storage

The greatest barrier to the long-term storage of information in a biological system is the inevitability of molecular turnover. In this review, we discuss the features required of any chemical mechanism capable of overcoming this obstacle, positing that a specific type of “mnemogenic”, or memory-forming, chemical reaction is the basis of the engram. We describe how molecules as diverse as protein kinases, prions, and transcription factors can participate in mnemogenic reactions, and outline a blueprint for memory that postulates mnemogenic reactions at the synapse and in the nucleus and considers the constraints imposed by requirements for high fidelity and the ability to forget. This sort of a priori analysis may facilitate directed experimental approaches to understanding the mechanisms of lifelong memory.

Models versus descriptions: Real differences and language differences

2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 753-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen G. W. Raaijmakers ◽  
Richard M. Shiffrin
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Language Differences ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Real Model ◽  
Term Storage

We argue that an approach that treats short-term memory as activated long-term memory is not inherently in conflict with information recycling in a limited-capacity or working-memory store, or with long-term storage based on the processing in such a store. Language differences aside, real model differences can only be assessed when the contrasting models are formulated precisely.

scholarly journals Visual working memory buffers information retrieved from visual long-term memory

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (20) ◽  
pp. 5306-5311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Fukuda ◽  
Geoffrey F. Woodman
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Human Memory ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
New Information ◽  
Neurophysiological Activity ◽  
Term Storage

Human memory is thought to consist of long-term storage and short-term storage mechanisms, the latter known as working memory. Although it has long been assumed that information retrieved from long-term memory is represented in working memory, we lack neural evidence for this and need neural measures that allow us to watch this retrieval into working memory unfold with high temporal resolution. Here, we show that human electrophysiology can be used to track information as it is brought back into working memory during retrieval from long-term memory. Specifically, we found that the retrieval of information from long-term memory was limited to just a few simple objects’ worth of information at once, and elicited a pattern of neurophysiological activity similar to that observed when people encode new information into working memory. Our findings suggest that working memory is where information is buffered when being retrieved from long-term memory and reconcile current theories of memory retrieval with classic notions about the memory mechanisms involved.

Modelling of Moisture Movement in Wood during Outdoor Storage

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Baronas ◽  
F. Ivanauskas ◽  
I. Juodeikienė ◽  
A. Kajalavičius
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Finite Difference ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Moisture Movement ◽  
Finite Difference Technique ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Space Formulation ◽  
Term Storage

A model of moisture movement in wood is presented in this paper in a two-dimensional-in-space formulation. The finite-difference technique has been used in order to obtain the solution of the problem. The model was applied to predict the moisture content in sawn boards from pine during long term storage under outdoor climatic conditions. The satisfactory agreement between the numerical solution and experimental data was obtained.

Trehalose: a cryoprotectant that enhances recovery and preserves function of human pancreatic islets after long-term storage

Diabetes ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Beattie ◽  
J. H. Crowe ◽  
A. D. Lopez ◽  
V. Cirulli ◽  
C. Ricordi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Human Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Term Storage
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